POFUT2

gene
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Also known as KIAA0958FUT13

Summary

POFUT2 (protein O-fucosyltransferase 2, HGNC:14683) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 21q22.3, encoding GDP-fucose protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (Q9Y2G5). GDP-fucose protein O-fucosyltransferase involved in one of the two pathways responsible for protein O-linked fucosylation, a unique post-translational modification of cysteine-knotted proteins that regulates various biological functions.

Fucose is typically found as a terminal modification of branched chain glycoconjugates, but it also exists in direct O-linkage to serine or threonine residues within cystine knot motifs in epidermal growth factor (EGF; MIM 131530)-like repeats or thrombospondin (THBS; see MIM 188060) type-1 repeats. POFUT2 is an O-fucosyltransferase that use THBS type-1 repeats as substrates (Luo et al., 2006 [PubMed 16464857]).

Source: NCBI Gene 23275 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 3
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 72 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_133635

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:14683
Approved symbolPOFUT2
Nameprotein O-fucosyltransferase 2
Location21q22.3
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesKIAA0958, FUT13
Ensembl geneENSG00000186866
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM610249
Entrez23275

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 19 — 10 protein_coding, 8 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000331343, ENST00000334538, ENST00000349485, ENST00000451615, ENST00000460932, ENST00000463917, ENST00000468360, ENST00000471540, ENST00000476653, ENST00000485190, ENST00000493524, ENST00000493811, ENST00000612472, ENST00000615172, ENST00000898195, ENST00000898196, ENST00000898197, ENST00000898198, ENST00000937165

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_133635 NM_015227, NM_133635

CCDS: CCDS13719, CCDS13721

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000349485 — 9 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000034625914526983945270019
ENSE000034739284528338345283527
ENSE000034896214526393545265635
ENSE000035223104528234945282459
ENSE000035308674527701745277142
ENSE000035837014527810345278169
ENSE000036146664528567845285928
ENSE000036836594526759045267713
ENSE000039067294528774145287895

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 269 present calls, max score 95.65.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 21.1903 / max 171.6274, expressed in 1809 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
19083217.12391802
1908314.04831542
1908300.01816

Top tissues by expression

287 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
right uterine tubeUBERON:000130295.65gold quality
stromal cell of endometriumCL:000225595.01gold quality
adenohypophysisUBERON:000219693.38gold quality
endocervixUBERON:000045893.15gold quality
right lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000111993.15gold quality
left lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000112093.14gold quality
left ovaryUBERON:000211993.09gold quality
pituitary glandUBERON:000000793.02gold quality
sural nerveUBERON:001548892.91gold quality
pancreatic ductal cellCL:000207992.44gold quality
adrenal tissueUBERON:001830392.43gold quality
right ovaryUBERON:000211892.38gold quality
metanephros cortexUBERON:001053392.37gold quality
left uterine tubeUBERON:000130392.36gold quality
thyroid glandUBERON:000204692.35gold quality
gall bladderUBERON:000211091.98gold quality
ascending aortaUBERON:000149691.72gold quality
thoracic aortaUBERON:000151591.66gold quality
smooth muscle tissueUBERON:000113591.32gold quality
parotid glandUBERON:000183191.32gold quality
body of uterusUBERON:000985391.25gold quality
tibial nerveUBERON:000132391.04gold quality
aortaUBERON:000094790.85gold quality
descending thoracic aortaUBERON:000234590.57gold quality
body of pancreasUBERON:000115090.50gold quality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119990.49gold quality
popliteal arteryUBERON:000225090.33gold quality
tibial arteryUBERON:000761090.33gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patchUBERON:000345490.18gold quality
left adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582590.17gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3no0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

84 targeting POFUT2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-5193100.0067.261744
HSA-MIR-4283100.0066.422097
HSA-MIR-186-5P99.9970.833707
HSA-MIR-3688-3P99.9772.022834
HSA-MIR-314899.9775.066478
HSA-MIR-146A-5P99.9668.93988
HSA-MIR-146B-5P99.9669.13977
HSA-MIR-426799.9666.532368
HSA-MIR-7153-5P99.9468.891006
HSA-MIR-6721-5P99.9368.922981
HSA-MIR-6768-5P99.9267.361942
HSA-MIR-7-1-3P99.9171.534384
HSA-MIR-7-2-3P99.9171.404394
HSA-MIR-368699.9070.532432
HSA-MIR-6756-5P99.8267.972466
HSA-MIR-430799.8270.453374
HSA-MIR-4694-3P99.7969.532640
HSA-MIR-431999.7669.832586
HSA-MIR-6764-5P99.7567.892304
HSA-MIR-182599.7268.111089
HSA-MIR-6766-5P99.6867.702325
HSA-MIR-450299.6566.991021
HSA-MIR-4690-5P99.6566.24813
HSA-MIR-426199.5970.303415
HSA-MIR-1915-3P99.5866.791988
HSA-MIR-4649-3P99.5666.901783
HSA-MIR-1212299.5669.331672
HSA-MIR-486-3P99.5166.821901
HSA-MIR-642A-5P99.5165.101152
HSA-MIR-444199.4966.563216

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

  • Structure of human POFUT2: insights into thrombospondin type 1 repeat fold and O-fucosylation. (PMID:22588082)
  • POFUT2 and B3GLCT mediate a noncanonical endoplasmic reticulum quality-control mechanism that recognizes folded thrombospondin type 1 repeats and stabilizes them by glycosylation. (PMID:25544610)
  • This study demonstrated that the alteration of POFUT2 expression in the superior temporal gyrus of elderly patients with schizophrenia. (PMID:27773385)
  • The Essential Role of Water Molecules in the Reaction Mechanism of Protein O-Fucosyltransferase 2. (PMID:36260536)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriopofut2ENSDARG00000045175
mus_musculusPofut2ENSMUSG00000020260
rattus_norvegicusPofut2ENSRNOG00000001228
drosophila_melanogasterO-fut2FBGN0027791
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00010757

Protein

Protein identifiers

GDP-fucose protein O-fucosyltransferase 2Q9Y2G5 (reviewed: Q9Y2G5)

Alternative names: Peptide-O-fucosyltransferase 2

All UniProt accessions (4): A0A0C4DGX7, Q9Y2G5, H7C2T5, S6FW71

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. GDP-fucose protein O-fucosyltransferase involved in one of the two pathways responsible for protein O-linked fucosylation, a unique post-translational modification of cysteine-knotted proteins that regulates various biological functions. This pathway targets proteins with Thrombospondin type-1 (TSP1) repeats (TSR) in the endoplasmic reticulum. Catalyzes the reaction that attaches fucose through an O-glycosidic linkage to a conserved serine or threonine residue in the consensus sequence C1-X-X-S/T-C2 of thrombospondin type I repeats (TSRs) where C1 and C2 are the first and second cysteines of the repeat, respectively. O-fucosylates members of several protein families including the ADAMTS, the thrombospondin (TSP) and spondin families. Required for the proper secretion of ADAMTS family members such as ADAMTSL1 and ADAMTS13. The O-fucosylation of TSRs is also required for restricting epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), maintaining the correct patterning of mesoderm and localization of the definite endoderm.

Subcellular location. Endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi apparatus.

Tissue specificity. Isoform A is expressed in fetal liver and peripheral blood lymphocytes. Isoform B is expressed in spleen, lung, testis, bone marrow, thymus, pancreas, prostate, fetal brain, fetal liver and fetal kidney. Isoform C is expressed in brain, heart, spleen, liver, lung, stomach, testis, placenta, skin, thymus, pancreas, mammary gland, prostate, fetal brain, fetal liver and fetal heart.

Activity regulation. Inhibited by EDTA and by Zn(2+).

Pathway. Protein modification; protein glycosylation.

Similarity. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 68 family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q9Y2G5-3Cyes
Q9Y2G5-1A
Q9Y2G5-2B

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_056042, NP_598368* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR019378GDP-Fuc_O-FucTrfaseFamily
IPR045130OFUT2-likeFamily

Pfam: PF10250

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

  • EC 2.4.1.221 — peptide-O-fucosyltransferase (BRENDA: 12 organisms, 68 substrates, 3 inhibitors, 15 Km, 2 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

6 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 6. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

SubstrateKm (mM)Measurements
GDP-BETA-L-FUCOSE0.001–0.03686
FACTOR VII EGF0.006–0.0152
GDP-L-FUCOSE0.013–0.0152
GLCNACBETA(1-2)MANALPHA(1-6)[GLCNACBETA(1-2)MANA0.15–0.1542
GDP-FUCOSE0.00981
TSR40.02951

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 2 shown:

  • L-seryl-[protein] + GDP-beta-L-fucose = 3-O-(alpha-L-fucosyl)-L-seryl-[protein] + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:63644)
  • L-threonyl-[protein] + GDP-beta-L-fucose = 3-O-(alpha-L-fucosyl)-L-threonyl-[protein] + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:70491)

UniProt features (55 total): helix 17, strand 12, mutagenesis site 8, binding site 4, glycosylation site 3, splice variant 3, disulfide bond 2, turn 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, active site 1, site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
4AP5X-RAY DIFFRACTION3
4AP6X-RAY DIFFRACTION3.4

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q9Y2G5-F191.080.84

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (2): 54 (proton acceptor); 396 (essential for catalytic activity)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4): 53–57; 292–294; 371; 388–389

Disulfide bonds (2): 161–192, 412–419

Glycosylation sites (3): 259, 189, 209

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (8):

PositionPhenotype
54abolishes enzyme activity.
92abolishes enzyme activity.
152reduces enzyme activity.
273reduces enzyme activity.
294abolishes enzyme activity.
297reduces enzyme activity.
395no enhanced secretion of adasmts13; when associated with a-396.
396reduces enzyme activity. no enhanced secretion of adasmts13; when associated with a-396.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-5173214O-glycosylation of TSR domain-containing proteins

MSigDB gene sets: 151 (showing top): YAGI_AML_WITH_INV_16_TRANSLOCATION, MORF_MSH3, GOBP_FORMATION_OF_PRIMARY_GERM_LAYER, MORF_BRCA1, MORF_RAD51L3, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_PROTEIN_MATURATION, GOBP_MESENCHYMAL_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, SHETH_LIVER_CANCER_VS_TXNIP_LOSS_PAM2, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_GASTRULATION, GOBP_SECRETION, GOBP_MESODERM_MORPHOGENESIS, GOBP_PROTEIN_FOLDING

GO Biological Process (9): mesoderm formation (GO:0001707), fucose metabolic process (GO:0006004), regulation of gene expression (GO:0010468), regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (GO:0010717), protein O-linked glycosylation via fucose (GO:0036066), regulation of secretion (GO:0051046), positive regulation of protein folding (GO:1903334), obsolete protein glycosylation (GO:0006486), obsolete fucosylation (GO:0036065)

GO Molecular Function (4): peptide-O-fucosyltransferase activity (GO:0046922), fucosyltransferase activity (GO:0008417), transferase activity (GO:0016740), glycosyltransferase activity (GO:0016757)

GO Cellular Component (3): endoplasmic reticulum membrane (GO:0005789), Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794), endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

CategoryPathways
O-linked glycosylation1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cytoplasm2
endomembrane system2
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle2
formation of primary germ layer1
mesoderm morphogenesis1
hexose metabolic process1
gene expression1
regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process1
epithelial to mesenchymal transition1
regulation of cell differentiation1
protein O-linked glycosylation1
secretion1
regulation of transport1
protein folding1
positive regulation of cellular process1
regulation of protein folding1
fucosyltransferase activity1
catalytic activity, acting on a protein1
hexosyltransferase activity1
catalytic activity1
transferase activity1
organelle membrane1
nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network1
endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1068 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
POFUT2B3GLCTQ6Y288959
POFUT2POFUT1Q9H488868
POFUT2ADARB1P78555802
POFUT2PADI2Q9Y2J8777
POFUT2THBS1P07996721
POFUT2FUT8Q9BYC5703
POFUT2TSR3Q9UJK0694
POFUT2POFUT4Q495W5670
POFUT2COL18A1P39060669
POFUT2FUT1P19526650
POFUT2SPON1Q9HCB6647
POFUT2SLC35C1Q96A29594
POFUT2EVA1CP58658587
POFUT2YBEYP58557575
POFUT2RWDD2BP57060572

IntAct

7 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
HSCBRBP5psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
USP22CNOT1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
MAP1LC3Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
GABARAPpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
C1orf54QSOX1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
HBBHNRNPH2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
INSRBLTP3Bpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (19): POFUT2 (Proximity Label-MS), POFUT2 (Affinity Capture-MS), POFUT2 (Affinity Capture-RNA), POFUT2 (Proximity Label-MS), POFUT2 (Proximity Label-MS), POFUT2 (Proximity Label-MS), POFUT2 (Co-fractionation), POFUT2 (Co-fractionation), POFUT2 (Co-fractionation), POFUT2 (Affinity Capture-MS), POFUT2 (Affinity Capture-MS), POFUT2 (Proximity Label-MS), POFUT2 (Proximity Label-MS), POFUT2 (Affinity Capture-MS), POFUT2 (Proximity Label-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A4IID1, A5D7I4, A5PK45, A9X1C8, G5E897, O12971, O60568, O77783, O95803, P52848, P52849, P52850, P70428, P97464, Q02353, Q16394, Q3UHN9, Q5F407, Q5IGR6, Q5IGR7, Q5IGR8, Q5M854, Q5R6K5, Q5RBC3, Q5U367, Q5U4X8, Q6EV56, Q6GMK0, Q6GQI7, Q6GQK9, Q6IS24, Q6UW63, Q6ZQ11, Q7TT15, Q7Z4H8, Q812F8, Q86X52, Q8K297, Q8NBJ5, Q8VHI3

Diamond homologs: Q6EV56, Q8VHI3, Q8WR51, Q9W589, Q9Y2G5, Q501D6

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

72 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance51
Likely benign4
Benign3

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2809 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
21:45269837:AC:Adonor_gain1.0000
21:45269838:CC:Cdonor_gain1.0000
21:45277019:T:Adonor_gain1.0000
21:45277036:T:TAdonor_gain1.0000
21:45278101:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
21:45278101:ACAT:Adonor_gain1.0000
21:45278101:ACATC:Adonor_gain1.0000
21:45278102:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
21:45278102:CAT:Cdonor_gain1.0000
21:45278102:CATC:Cdonor_gain1.0000
21:45278102:CATCC:Cdonor_gain1.0000
21:45282348:CCGGG:Cdonor_gain1.0000
21:45285929:C:CAacceptor_loss1.0000
21:45285930:T:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
21:45287740:CCGT:Cdonor_gain1.0000
21:45267525:TGGG:Tdonor_gain0.9900
21:45267710:TATT:Tacceptor_gain0.9900
21:45267712:TT:Tacceptor_gain0.9900
21:45267714:C:CCacceptor_gain0.9900
21:45269836:TA:Tdonor_loss0.9900
21:45277138:CGGGT:Cacceptor_gain0.9900
21:45277143:C:CCacceptor_gain0.9900
21:45278071:A:ACdonor_gain0.9900
21:45278072:C:CCdonor_gain0.9900
21:45278104:T:TAdonor_gain0.9900
21:45278105:C:Adonor_gain0.9900
21:45282340:GGCAC:Gdonor_loss0.9900
21:45282341:GCACT:Gdonor_loss0.9900
21:45282342:CACT:Cdonor_loss0.9900
21:45282343:ACT:Adonor_loss0.9900

AlphaMissense

2801 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
21:45285889:G:CN57K1.000
21:45285889:G:TN57K1.000
21:45269957:G:CF298L0.999
21:45269957:G:TF298L0.999
21:45269959:A:GF298L0.999
21:45269970:C:GR294T0.999
21:45285750:A:GW104R0.999
21:45285750:A:TW104R0.999
21:45285786:A:GW92R0.999
21:45285786:A:TW92R0.999
21:45285815:A:TV82D0.999
21:45285879:C:GD61H0.999
21:45285887:A:GL58P0.999
21:45285892:G:CF56L0.999
21:45285892:G:TF56L0.999
21:45285894:A:GF56L0.999
21:45285897:C:GG55R0.999
21:45265605:A:CF389L0.998
21:45265605:A:TF389L0.998
21:45265607:A:GF389L0.998
21:45269962:C:GD297H0.998
21:45285784:C:AW92C0.998
21:45285784:C:GW92C0.998
21:45285789:G:CH91D0.998
21:45285804:A:GW86R0.998
21:45285804:A:TW86R0.998
21:45285878:T:AD61V0.998
21:45285878:T:GD61A0.998
21:45285885:G:TR59S0.998
21:45285897:C:AG55C0.998

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000058421 (21:45275018 C>G), RS1000204260 (21:45279503 A>G), RS1000259810 (21:45266514 G>A), RS1000471690 (21:45281624 G>C), RS1000694497 (21:45270836 C>T), RS1000719586 (21:45282808 C>T), RS1000747148 (21:45270995 A>G), RS1000776128 (21:45286236 C>T), RS1000782514 (21:45281805 C>A,T), RS1001034887 (21:45277546 C>T), RS1001128530 (21:45268145 C>T), RS1001163892 (21:45276744 C>CT), RS1001173034 (21:45283097 G>A), RS1001302516 (21:45265488 G>A), RS1001378255 (21:45264594 G>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:610249 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST005175_68Coronary artery calcified atherosclerotic plaque (90 or 130 HU threshold) in type 2 diabetes8.000000e-06
GCST006999_5Logical memory (immediate recall) in mild cognitive impairment4.000000e-07
GCST012279_17Suicide attempt severity in mood disorders2.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004723coronary artery calcification
EFO:0004874memory performance
EFO:0006882suicide behaviour measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

38 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Acidaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases methylation4
bisphenol Fincreases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression2
bisphenol Adecreases expression, decreases methylation2
Smokedecreases expression, increases abundance2
2,4,6-tribromophenoldecreases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
sodium arseniteincreases expression1
cobaltous chlorideincreases expression1
butyraldehydedecreases expression1
beta-methylcholineaffects expression1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
CGP 52608affects binding, increases reaction1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
bisphenol Bincreases expression1
abrineincreases expression1
2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl etherdecreases expression1
dorsomorphindecreases expression, affects cotreatment1
pentabrominated diphenyl ether 100decreases expression1
hexabrominated diphenyl ether 153decreases expression1
PCI 5002increases expression, affects cotreatment1
Temozolomidedecreases expression1
Air Pollutantsincreases abundance, decreases expression1
Arsenicaffects methylation1
Atrazineincreases expression1
Benzo(a)pyrenedecreases methylation1
Dexamethasoneaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Doxorubicindecreases expression1
Indomethacinaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Ivermectindecreases expression1
Methyl Methanesulfonateincreases expression1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_D8TGUbigene HCT 116 POFUT2 KOCancer cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.