POP4

Summary

POP4 (POP4 ribonuclease P/MRP subunit, HGNC:30081) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 19q12, encoding Ribonuclease P protein subunit p29 (O95707). Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5’-ends. It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 86.8% of cell lines).

This gene encodes one of the protein subunits of the small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complexes: the endoribonuclease for mitochondrial RNA processing complex and the ribonuclease P complex. The encoded protein is localized to the nucleus and associates directly with the RNA component of these complexes. This protein is involved in processing of precursor RNAs. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 10775 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 7
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 62 total
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 86.8% of screened cell lines
• MANE Select transcript: NM_006627

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:30081
Approved symbol	POP4
Name	POP4 ribonuclease P/MRP subunit
Location	19q12
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	RPP29
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000105171
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	606114
Entrez	10775

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 15 — 6 protein_coding, 4 retained_intron, 3 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000221770, ENST00000585603, ENST00000586136, ENST00000586173, ENST00000586420, ENST00000586823, ENST00000587232, ENST00000588551, ENST00000590688, ENST00000591061, ENST00000591824, ENST00000592749, ENST00000592759, ENST00000858464, ENST00000912733

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_006627 NM_006627

CCDS: CCDS12416

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000585603 — 7 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000821573	29615244	29617237
ENSE00003537575	29613871	29613972
ENSE00003582969	29610409	29610632
ENSE00003623133	29608657	29608709
ENSE00003652251	29611862	29611939
ENSE00003691406	29612117	29612178
ENSE00003694498	29606283	29606325

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 296 present calls, max score 95.86.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 26.1599 / max 162.5754, expressed in 1823 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
175004	26.1158	1823
175005	0.0442	21

Top tissues by expression

298 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	95.86	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	95.67	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	95.31	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	95.19	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	95.14	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	95.06	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	95.00	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	94.99	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	94.91	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	94.88	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	94.87	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	94.82	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	94.70	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	94.52	gold quality
adrenal cortex	UBERON:0001235	94.47	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	94.41	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	94.37	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	94.35	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	94.35	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	94.30	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	94.30	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	94.30	gold quality
coronary artery	UBERON:0001621	94.27	gold quality
aorta	UBERON:0000947	94.19	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	94.16	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	94.13	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	94.11	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	94.11	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	94.08	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	94.07	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	8.23
E-CURD-11	no	217.44

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

52 targeting POP4, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6833-3P	100.00	70.63	3197
HSA-MIR-6851-5P	100.00	65.63	1294
HSA-MIR-3689D	100.00	66.14	1181
HSA-MIR-6870-5P	99.99	68.55	2115
HSA-MIR-4723-5P	99.97	68.70	2034
HSA-MIR-5698	99.97	68.49	2029
HSA-MIR-7111-5P	99.97	68.48	2062
HSA-MIR-3119	99.92	71.34	2390
HSA-MIR-6124	99.87	69.78	3551
HSA-MIR-30A-3P	99.87	69.74	2928
HSA-MIR-30D-3P	99.87	69.92	2917
HSA-MIR-30E-3P	99.87	69.68	2942
HSA-MIR-4420	99.82	70.08	1624
HSA-MIR-6515-3P	99.82	68.19	1933
HSA-MIR-181B-2-3P	99.81	70.06	1646
HSA-MIR-181B-3P	99.81	70.06	1646
HSA-MIR-4694-3P	99.79	69.53	2640
HSA-MIR-1299	99.77	71.24	2389
HSA-MIR-5002-5P	99.76	70.84	1763
HSA-MIR-6745	99.74	65.33	1321
HSA-MIR-12129	99.72	67.45	1311
HSA-MIR-4802-3P	99.72	70.13	1273
HSA-MIR-4310	99.59	68.84	2527
HSA-MIR-6727-3P	99.49	65.92	1333
HSA-MIR-1275	99.47	67.90	2749
HSA-MIR-363-5P	99.46	64.51	1015
HSA-MIR-377-3P	99.37	70.18	1905
HSA-MIR-4722-3P	99.35	65.22	1099
HSA-MIR-145-3P	99.33	67.66	764
HSA-MIR-4505	99.27	67.81	2678

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 86.8% of screened cell lines.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

• Rpp29 represses H3.3 nucleosome deposition, a finding with implications for epigenetic regulation. (PMID:26842893)
• Collectively, the present results suggest that PhoRpp21 binds the loop between P11 and P12 helices through overall positively charged clusters on the surface of the complex and serves as a scaffold for PhoRpp29 to optimize structural conformation of its N-terminal helix (alpha2) in PhoRpp21, as well as C-terminal residues in PhoRpp29, for RNase P activity. (PMID:27810361)
• Results demonstrate that Rpp29 promotes homology-directed repair of double-strand breaks. It is rapidly and transiently recruited to laser-microirradiated DNA sites. (PMID:28432356)
• Rpp29 regulates H3.3-mediated epigenetic mechanisms by processing a transcribed signal that recruits H3.3 to its incorporation sites (PMID:29921582)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	pop4	ENSDARG00000101472
mus_musculus	Pop4	ENSMUSG00000030423
rattus_norvegicus	Pop4	ENSRNOG00000027646
drosophila_melanogaster	Pop4	FBGN0035831
caenorhabditis_elegans	popl-4	WBGENE00007603

Protein

Protein identifiers

Ribonuclease P protein subunit p29 — O95707 (reviewed: O95707)

All UniProt accessions (6): A0A0A0MQS4, O95707, K7EK50, K7EQV2, K7ERD7, K7ESH8

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5’-ends.

Subunit / interactions. Component of nuclear RNase P and RNase MRP ribonucleoproteins. RNase P consists of a catalytic RNA moiety and 10 different protein chains; POP1, POP4, POP5, POP7, RPP14, RPP21, RPP25, RPP30, RPP38 and RPP40. Within the RNase P complex, POP1, POP7 and RPP25 form the ‘finger’ subcomplex, POP5, RPP14, RPP40 and homodimeric RPP30 form the ‘palm’ subcomplex, and RPP21, POP4 and RPP38 form the ‘wrist’ subcomplex. All subunits of the RNase P complex interact with the catalytic RNA. Several subunits of RNase P are also part of the RNase MRP complex. RNase MRP consists of a catalytic RNA moiety and about 8 protein subunits; POP1, POP7, RPP25, RPP30, RPP38, RPP40 and possibly also POP4 and POP5.

Subcellular location. Nucleus. Nucleolus.

Similarity. Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 1 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_006618* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR002730	Rpp29/RNP1	Family
IPR016848	RNase_P/MRP_Rpp29-subunit	Family
IPR023534	Rof/RNase_P-like	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036980	RNase_P/MRP_Rpp29_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF01868

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 3.1.26.5 — ribonuclease P (BRENDA: 188 organisms, 407 substrates, 80 inhibitors, 54 Km, 43 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

24 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 15. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
HUMAN PRE-TRNATYR	0.0001–0.0005	5
PRE-TRNATYR	—	5
PRE-TRNAASP	—	4
PTRNATYR	0.0002–0.0305	4
TRNA PRECURSOR	—	4
PRE-TRNA-TYR	0.0001	2
PRE-TRNATHR(AGT)	0.0035–0.05	2
RNASE P RIBOSWITCH A	0.0064–0.0081	2
TRNAPHE (G+1) PRECURSOR	—	2
TRNATYR	—	2
PMINI3PBUG	0.0013	1
PRE-TRNA	—	1
PRE-TRNA SUPS1 TRNASER	0.0002	1
PRE-TRNA-ASP	0.0003	1
PRE-TRNA-CYS	0.0006	1

UniProt features (3 total): chain 1, modified residue 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

5 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
9UH7	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.84
9UH9	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.47
6AHU	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.66
6AHR	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.92
9UHA	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.93

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-O95707-F1	83.97	0.42

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 10

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

3 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-6784531	tRNA processing in the nucleus
R-HSA-72306	tRNA processing
R-HSA-8953854	Metabolism of RNA

MSigDB gene sets: 171 (showing top): GOBP_RIBOSOME_BIOGENESIS, GOMF_ENDONUCLEASE_ACTIVITY, GOMF_RNA_NUCLEASE_ACTIVITY, MORF_MSH3, GOMF_NUCLEASE_ACTIVITY, SHEPARD_CRASH_AND_BURN_MUTANT_UP, MORF_BRCA1, GOBP_TRNA_METABOLIC_PROCESS, MORF_ATRX, PUJANA_CHEK2_PCC_NETWORK, WEI_MYCN_TARGETS_WITH_E_BOX, GOMF_RNA_ENDONUCLEASE_ACTIVITY, KOYAMA_SEMA3B_TARGETS_UP, MORF_PPP5C, MORF_RAP1A

GO Biological Process (4): tRNA 5’-leader removal (GO:0001682), rRNA processing (GO:0006364), RNA processing (GO:0006396), tRNA processing (GO:0008033)

GO Molecular Function (4): ribonuclease P RNA binding (GO:0033204), RNA binding (GO:0003723), ribonuclease P activity (GO:0004526), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (6): ribonuclease MRP complex (GO:0000172), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), nucleolus (GO:0005730), ribonuclease P complex (GO:0030677), multimeric ribonuclease P complex (GO:0030681), nucleus (GO:0005634)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
tRNA processing	1
Metabolism of RNA	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
RNA processing	2
endoribonuclease complex	2
nuclear lumen	2
tRNA 5’-end processing	1
rRNA metabolic process	1
ribosome biogenesis	1
gene expression	1
RNA biosynthetic process	1
primary metabolic process	1
tRNA metabolic process	1
RNA binding	1
nucleic acid binding	1
tRNA-specific ribonuclease activity	1
RNA endonuclease activity producing 5’-phosphomonoesters, hydrolytic mechanism	1
binding	1
sno(s)RNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
ribonucleoprotein complex	1
ribonuclease P complex	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1386 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
POP4	RPP30	P78346	999
POP4	RPP38	P78345	998
POP4	RPP25	Q9BUL9	995
POP4	RPP40	O75818	994
POP4	POP5	Q969H6	993
POP4	POP7	O75817	769
POP4	POP1	Q99575	667
POP4	FBL	P22087	578
POP4	RPP21	Q9H633	543
POP4	DCLRE1A	Q6PJP8	519
POP4	PRORP	O15091	453
POP4	RPL23A	P29316	431
POP4	ADI1	Q9BV57	430
POP4	RPP25L	Q8N5L8	415
POP4	LINC03042	Q6ZUL3	359

IntAct

86 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
POP1	POP4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.740
RPP38	POP4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.740
POP4	RPP38	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.740
POP4	RPP14	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.740
POP5	POP4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
POP4	POP5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
POP4	RPP25	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
RPP25	POP4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
POP4	POP7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
C18orf21	POP7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
TOR1AIP2	TMEM223	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
VSIG4	TCAF2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
IL13RA2	METTL15	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
IL20RA	UPK3BL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RPL18A	RRP8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
POP4	NME2P1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PPP1R15A	POP4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RPP21	POP7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
VTN	HAT1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RBM4	NVL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
POP7	RPP40	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
POP4	RPP40	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530

BioGRID (147): POP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), RPP25L (Affinity Capture-MS), C3orf17 (Affinity Capture-MS), PRKCSH (Affinity Capture-MS), NPM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), RPP40 (Affinity Capture-MS), POP5 (Affinity Capture-MS), C18orf21 (Affinity Capture-MS), RPP38 (Affinity Capture-MS), POP7 (Affinity Capture-MS), RPP14 (Affinity Capture-MS), RPP30 (Affinity Capture-MS), RPP25 (Affinity Capture-MS), POP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), POP4 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A6QPQ5, A9X1A9, O95707, P0C2C1, P82664, P82670, P82675, P82915, P82919, P82933, Q08BI9, Q0P5E7, Q0VFH6, Q2KIB9, Q2KID9, Q2KIJ6, Q2TBK2, Q2TBR2, Q3MHY7, Q3SYS0, Q3T040, Q58DQ5, Q58DV5, Q5C9Z4, Q5R7B0, Q5REJ1, Q5REY4, Q5RFM3, Q641X9, Q7Z2W9, Q7Z7H8, Q8N3Z3, Q8TCC3, Q924T2, Q99N85, Q99N87, Q99N94, Q9BSH4, Q9BYD2, Q9BYD6

Diamond homologs: O28362, O95707, P38336, Q2KIB9, Q5M882, Q5R7B0, Q8U007, Q9CR08, Q9P7W9, Q9ZW76, A1RXG4, A2BMC7, A3DNB5, A5UL80, A6UQ52, A6UWU6, A8AA22, A9A5I7, B0R664, B6YSM2, B8D5W2, C6A168, O24785, O26119, O59425, P14022, P22527, P60832, P60834, Q12ZU3, Q2NFW5, Q46GA3, Q57903, Q5JDH8, Q8PV42, Q8TGY6, Q8TRT9, Q97BW8, Q9V1U4, Q9YF79

SIGNOR signaling

2 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
POP4	“form complex”	“Ribonuclease MRP complex”	binding
POP4	“form complex”	“Nucleolar ribonuclease P complex”	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 91 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
tRNA processing	6	38.9×	4e-07
tRNA processing in the nucleus	9	32.2×	4e-10
rRNA processing in the nucleus and cytosol	10	29.2×	3e-10
rRNA processing	10	26.6×	3e-10
Major pathway of rRNA processing in the nucleolus and cytosol	13	14.6×	3e-10
Metabolism of RNA	10	7.6×	3e-05

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
tRNA processing	5	57.7×	4e-06
rRNA processing	11	21.3×	9e-10
ribosomal small subunit biogenesis	5	15.6×	2e-03
cytoplasmic translation	6	15.2×	4e-04

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

62 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	41
Likely benign	4
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

0 predictions. Top by Δscore:

AlphaMissense

1444 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
19:29611893:T:A	W106R	0.995
19:29611893:T:C	W106R	0.995
19:29612166:G:C	A138P	0.995
19:29612164:G:A	G137E	0.994
19:29615306:G:T	G197W	0.994
19:29615307:G:A	G197E	0.994
19:29612151:G:C	A133P	0.993
19:29613879:T:C	S145P	0.992
19:29615254:G:C	K179N	0.992
19:29615254:G:T	K179N	0.992
19:29615337:G:C	R207P	0.991
19:29613910:G:A	G155E	0.990
19:29615268:T:C	F184S	0.990
19:29612150:G:C	K132N	0.989
19:29612150:G:T	K132N	0.989
19:29612152:C:A	A133E	0.989
19:29612163:G:T	G137W	0.989
19:29612158:T:C	L135P	0.988
19:29611915:T:C	L113P	0.987
19:29612167:C:A	A138D	0.987
19:29613880:C:T	S145F	0.987
19:29613925:A:T	E160V	0.987
19:29615356:A:C	K213N	0.987
19:29615356:A:T	K213N	0.987
19:29612164:G:T	G137V	0.986
19:29612143:T:C	L130P	0.985
19:29613871:T:A	V142E	0.985
19:29613909:G:A	G155R	0.985
19:29613909:G:C	G155R	0.985
19:29611891:T:C	L105P	0.984

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000012428 (19:29613266 C>G,T), RS1000661202 (19:29617326 C>A), RS1000879744 (19:29606903 G>A), RS1000928579 (19:29617140 T>C), RS1001480607 (19:29609535 T>A,C), RS1001511639 (19:29609293 C>A), RS1001785488 (19:29614321 G>A,T), RS1001844033 (19:29610387 G>A,C,T), RS1001994135 (19:29612475 G>T), RS1002005480 (19:29605534 A>AT), RS1002079486 (19:29617593 T>C), RS1002386441 (19:29607252 C>T), RS1002582500 (19:29609531 G>C), RS1002659911 (19:29615016 T>C), RS1002876260 (19:29604545 C>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:606114 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

7 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST005787_29	Heart rate response to exercise	3.000000e-09
GCST005845_11	Heart rate increase in response to exercise	1.000000e-09
GCST005848_7	Heart rate response to recovery post exercise (50 sec)	1.000000e-09
GCST005849_9	Heart rate response to recovery post exercise (40 sec)	4.000000e-09
GCST005951_21	Body mass index	4.000000e-09
GCST009391_657	Metabolite levels	2.000000e-06
GCST009391_66	Metabolite levels	7.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (5, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0009184	heart rate response to exercise
EFO:0009185	heart rate response to recovery post exercise
EFO:0004340	body mass index
EFO:0010507	lactose measurement
EFO:0010352	diacylglycerol 34:1 measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

20 total (human), top 20 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	4
Cisplatin	increases expression, affects response to substance	2
GSK-J4	decreases expression	1
TAK-243	increases sumoylation	1
bisphenol A	decreases expression	1
manganese chloride	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
K 7174	decreases expression	1
ICG 001	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Arsenic	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
Copper	affects binding, decreases expression	1
Disulfiram	affects binding, decreases expression	1
Manganese	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
Ribonucleotides	affects binding	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
T-2 Toxin	increases expression	1
Sodium Selenite	increases expression	1
Lactic Acid	decreases expression	1
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.