POSTN

Summary

POSTN (periostin, HGNC:16953) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 13q13.3, encoding Periostin (Q15063). Induces cell attachment and spreading and plays a role in cell adhesion.

This gene encodes a secreted extracellular matrix protein that functions in tissue development and regeneration, including wound healing, and ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction. The encoded protein binds to integrins to support adhesion and migration of epithelial cells. This protein plays a role in cancer stem cell maintenance and metastasis. Mice lacking this gene exhibit cardiac valve disease, and skeletal and dental defects. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

Source: NCBI Gene 10631 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 7
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 142 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_006475

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:16953
Approved symbol	POSTN
Name	periostin
Location	13q13.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	OSF-2, PN, periostin
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000133110
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	608777
Entrez	10631

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 21 — 17 protein_coding, 4 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000379742, ENST00000379743, ENST00000379747, ENST00000379749, ENST00000473823, ENST00000474646, ENST00000478947, ENST00000497145, ENST00000541179, ENST00000541481, ENST00000855908, ENST00000855909, ENST00000855910, ENST00000855911, ENST00000855912, ENST00000855913, ENST00000855914, ENST00000855915, ENST00000953168, ENST00000953169, ENST00000953170

RefSeq mRNA: 11 — MANE Select: NM_006475 NM_001135934, NM_001135935, NM_001135936, NM_001286665, NM_001286666, NM_001286667, NM_001330517, NM_001424172, NM_001424173, NM_001424174, NM_006475

CCDS: CCDS45034, CCDS53864, CCDS66530, CCDS66531, CCDS81764, CCDS9364

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000379747 — 23 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000680875	37590372	37590529
ENSE00000817158	37587822	37587986
ENSE00000907441	37579861	37579991
ENSE00000907442	37580561	37580697
ENSE00000907443	37582366	37582514
ENSE00000907444	37583969	37584103
ENSE00000907445	37584716	37584928
ENSE00000907446	37586139	37586280
ENSE00000907447	37586782	37586928
ENSE00000907448	37592100	37592164
ENSE00000907449	37597184	37597282
ENSE00001093961	37579019	37579121
ENSE00001093977	37570580	37570669
ENSE00001093983	37577753	37577798
ENSE00001093987	37579229	37579359
ENSE00001093991	37578844	37578911
ENSE00001093996	37571369	37571458
ENSE00001093998	37574572	37574652
ENSE00001892482	37562585	37563370
ENSE00003459688	37564519	37564560
ENSE00003637611	37569300	37569383
ENSE00003663166	37569744	37569821
ENSE00003850592	37598608	37598768

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 255 present calls, max score 99.96.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 134.6556 / max 5568.6802, expressed in 988 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (9 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
136855	133.3127	979
136843	0.5452	191
136827	0.2880	125
136842	0.2048	93
136823	0.1297	76
136826	0.1004	51
136857	0.0495	7
136829	0.0213	9
136856	0.0040	3

Top tissues by expression

288 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
periodontal ligament	UBERON:0008266	99.96	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	99.77	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	99.75	gold quality
cartilage tissue	UBERON:0002418	99.72	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	99.71	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	99.66	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	99.33	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	98.89	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	98.85	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	98.81	gold quality
blood vessel layer	UBERON:0004797	98.59	gold quality
mammary duct	UBERON:0001765	98.39	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	98.39	gold quality
cardia of stomach	UBERON:0001162	98.24	gold quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	98.14	gold quality
cauda epididymis	UBERON:0004360	97.82	gold quality
epithelium of mammary gland	UBERON:0003244	97.52	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	97.51	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	97.47	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	97.41	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	97.38	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	97.32	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	97.30	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	97.29	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	97.25	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	97.22	gold quality
mammary gland	UBERON:0001911	97.19	gold quality
thoracic mammary gland	UBERON:0005200	97.19	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	97.18	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	97.11	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 22 experiment(s), a significant marker in 21.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-HCAD-10	yes	5762.76
E-ANND-2	yes	5513.15
E-MTAB-10596	yes	4695.84
E-MTAB-6701	yes	3907.27
E-HCAD-11	yes	3519.40
E-MTAB-7407	yes	3356.83
E-MTAB-7249	yes	2696.90
E-MTAB-9388	yes	2038.18
E-MTAB-10485	yes	1974.90
E-GEOD-124472	yes	1142.19
E-HCAD-56	yes	749.38
E-GEOD-180759	yes	580.94
E-HCAD-13	yes	484.58
E-MTAB-8142	yes	112.76
E-MTAB-8410	yes	43.25

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): AP1, BHLHA15, BMPR1A, BMPR2, CDX1, EBF1, FOS, FOSL1, HAND2, ID1, JUN, JUNB, JUND, TWIST1, TWIST2, YY1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

43 targeting POSTN, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4803	99.98	71.99	3117
HSA-MIR-568	99.98	69.86	2084
HSA-MIR-12136	99.98	72.81	5713
HSA-MIR-19A-3P	99.98	75.33	2762
HSA-MIR-19B-3P	99.98	75.44	2754
HSA-MIR-8075	99.97	67.20	962
HSA-MIR-6772-5P	99.94	67.01	577
HSA-MIR-6809-3P	99.91	71.45	3814
HSA-MIR-4753-3P	99.90	71.03	3786
HSA-MIR-202-3P	99.84	71.41	1290
HSA-MIR-6844	99.82	70.69	2423
HSA-MIR-4320	99.75	65.80	793
HSA-MIR-12130	99.75	65.47	452
HSA-MIR-4306	99.72	70.50	3630
HSA-MIR-545-5P	99.66	70.18	2308
HSA-MIR-586	99.65	70.40	2051
HSA-MIR-425-5P	99.59	67.67	900
HSA-MIR-6758-3P	99.57	67.55	1078
HSA-MIR-5571-5P	99.49	66.99	1764
HSA-MIR-582-5P	99.47	70.79	2635
HSA-MIR-6083	99.47	68.73	2393
HSA-MIR-4762-3P	99.43	69.72	2363
HSA-MIR-103A-1-5P	99.39	67.78	1545
HSA-MIR-103A-2-5P	99.39	67.72	1577
HSA-MIR-584-3P	99.35	67.69	1082
HSA-MIR-185-5P	99.35	68.60	2497
HSA-MIR-4644	99.35	69.12	2514
HSA-MIR-6507-3P	99.35	67.32	1059
HSA-MIR-296-3P	99.21	66.56	474
HSA-MIR-140-3P	99.04	67.69	1324

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Periostin secreted by epithelial ovarian carcinoma is a ligand for alpha(V)beta(3) and alpha(V)beta(5) integrins and promotes cell motility. (PMID:12235007)
• Data suggest that periostin-mediated angiogenesis derives in part from the up-regulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor Flk-1/KDR by endothelial cells through an integrin alpha(v)beta(3)-focal adhesion kinase signaling pathway. (PMID:15082792)
• Over expression of Periostin promotes metastatic growth of colon cancer by augmenting cell survival via the Akt/PKB pathway (PMID:15093540)
• Downregulation of periostin is associated with higher grade bladder cancer (PMID:15880581)
• Expression of OSF-2 is likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (PMID:16136586)
• periostin has an active role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and metastasis that requires cross-talk between integrin and EGFR signaling pathways (PMID:16702213)
• Although a major effect of the SNPs in the POSTN geneson breast cancer susceptibility and prognosis was excluded, the effect of the POSTN C-33G SNP on prognosis needs further characterization. (PMID:16807673)
• periostin is a gene highly overexpressed in breast cancer cells and is correlated with poor outcome in a cohort of poor prognosis estrogen receptor-positive tumours. (PMID:17014703)
• These findings suggest an important role of periostin in pancreatic cancer. (PMID:17043657)
• Periostin is frequently overexpressed and enhances invasion and angiogenesis in oral cancer (PMID:17060937)
• Periostin expression is increased in keloids. (PMID:17649947)
• Periostin was overexpressed in gastric cancer and lymph node metastasis, which suggests that periostin plays an important role in the progression and metastasis of gastric cancer. (PMID:17876898)
• identifies both stromal and melanoma cells as sources of periostin production and correlates POSTN expression levels with increased primary tumor thickness and metastatic process development (PMID:18086302)
• loss of WT periostin by down-regulation and/or alternative splicing, which produces Variant I, is closely correlated with the development of bladder cancer. (PMID:18097555)
• Periostin protein expression was abundant in the infarct border of human hearts with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and it is essential for cardiac healing after AMI. (PMID:18208976)
• The expression of periostin/OSF-2 is regulated by ovarian steroid hormones in rat uterus and human endometrium. (PMID:18270434)
• induced expression of periostin (to 150 ng/ml) altered the morphology of cancer cells, changing them from mesenchymal to epithelial phenotypes with the induction of epithelial markers and a reduction of mesenchymal markers (PMID:18381746)
• High periostin expression correlates with aggressiveness in papillary thyroid carcinomas. (PMID:18434370)
• Periostin is secreted by pericryptal and cancer-associated fibroblasts in the colon, both of which support the growth of epithelial components (PMID:18443362)
• periostin is a member of a vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylated protein family characterized by the presence of fasciclin domains; carboxylated periostin is produced by bone-derived mesenchymal cells and is found in mineralized bone nodules in vitro (PMID:18450759)
• periostin is a component of BM fibrosis and that it may play a role in the disease progression. (PMID:18465194)
• Periostin deposits in the stroma of invasive and intraductal neoplasms of the pancreas. (PMID:18487994)
• The expression of periostin was increased in the fibroblasts of hyperplasic scars. (PMID:18560459)
• Periostin is a novel autocrine mitogen secreted by mural epithelial cells with the potential to accelerate cyst growth and promote interstitial remodeling in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. (PMID:18753297)
• expression of periostin in normal bones & in fibrous dysplasia; studies revealed periostin was expressed in the extracellular matrix during intramembranous but not endochondral ossification & in the fibrous component of fibrous dysplasia (PMID:18799196)
• periostin has a role in tumor progression and a worse prognosis in NSCLC, as well as with angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis (PMID:18949745)
• Overexpression of recombinant human periostin in rat cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts did not affect mitosis, DNA synthesis, or cell cycle. (PMID:19038863)
• periostin-null mice had a specific defect in allergen-induced eosinophil recruitment to the lungs and esophagus (66 and 72% decrease, respectively). Mechanistic analyses revealed that periostin increased (5.8-fold) eosinophil adhesion to fibronectin. (PMID:19079190)
• highly overexpressed in eosinophilic esophagitis patients compared with control biopsy samples, correlates with eosinophil numbers in the biopsies (PMID:19141349)
• periostin could be a candidate gene for therapeutic targeting for the blockage of papillary thyroid carcinoma tumor invasion. (PMID:19321256)
• periostin promoted the survival of A549 non-small-cell lung cancer cells under hypoxic microenvironment via activation of Akt/PKB pathway (PMID:19328625)
• Sequence analysis revealed two non-functional polymorphisms in the POSTN gene and no other sequence variations in the remaining candidate genes. (PMID:19419450)
• Findings suggest that TGFBI and periostin may play cooperative cellular roles and that periostin may be involved in the pathogenesis of 5q31-linked corneal dystrophies. (PMID:19478074)
• overexpressed in breast cancer tissues (PMID:19524268)
• periostin is involved in the suppression of cell invasiveness via the TAB1/TAK1 signaling pathway. (PMID:19578758)
• Periostin, secreted by disease cord myofibroblasts into the extra-cellular matrix, promotes the transition of resident fibroblasts in the palmar fascia toward a myofibroblast phenotype, thereby promoting disease progression. (PMID:19619531)
• Periostin is a novel molecular which play an important role during the progression and development of non-small cell lung cancer . (PMID:19688273)
• Periostin mediates vascular smooth muscle cell migration through the integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway (PMID:19695571)
• Here we show that periostin, a matricellular protein, promotes incorporation of tenascin-C into the extracellular matrix and organizes a meshwork architecture of the extracellular matrix. (PMID:19887451)
• Periostin, a useful marker of the noncardiomyocyte lineages, and its role during cardiac morphogenesis. (PMID:19893021)

Cross-species orthologs

6 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	postna	ENSDARG00000043806
danio_rerio	postnb	ENSDARG00000104267
mus_musculus	Postn	ENSMUSG00000027750
rattus_norvegicus	Postn	ENSRNOG00000012660
drosophila_melanogaster	Fas1	FBGN0285925
caenorhabditis_elegans	F26E4.7	WBGENE00009162

Paralogs (1): TGFBI (ENSG00000120708)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Periostin — Q15063 (reviewed: Q15063)

Alternative names: Osteoblast-specific factor 2

All UniProt accessions (1): Q15063

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Induces cell attachment and spreading and plays a role in cell adhesion. Enhances incorporation of BMP1 in the fibronectin matrix of connective tissues, and subsequent proteolytic activation of lysyl oxidase LOX.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer. Interacts with BMP1 and fibronectin.

Subcellular location. Golgi apparatus. Secreted. Extracellular space. Extracellular matrix.

Tissue specificity. Widely expressed with highest levels in aorta, stomach, lower gastrointestinal tract, placenta, uterus, thyroid tissue and breast. Expressed in the kidney. Expressed in the lung. Up-regulated in epithelial ovarian tumors. Not expressed in normal ovaries. Also highly expressed at the tumor periphery of lung carcinoma tissue but not within the tumor. Overexpressed in breast cancers.

Post-translational modifications. Gamma-carboxylation is controversial. Gamma-carboxyglutamated; gamma-carboxyglutamate residues are formed by vitamin K dependent carboxylation; this may be required for calcium binding. According to a more recent report, does not contain vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxyglutamate residues.

Isoforms (10)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q15063-1	1, OSF-2OS	yes
Q15063-2	2, OSF-2p1
Q15063-3	3
Q15063-4	4
Q15063-5	5
Q15063-6	6
Q15063-7	7
Q15063-8	8
Q15063-9	9
Q15063-10	10

RefSeq proteins (11): NP_001129406, NP_001129407, NP_001129408, NP_001273594, NP_001273595, NP_001273596, NP_001317446, NP_001411101, NP_001411102, NP_001411103, NP_006466* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000782	FAS1_domain	Domain
IPR011489	EMI_domain	Domain
IPR016666	TGFBI/POSTN	Family
IPR036378	FAS1_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050904	Adhesion/Biosynth-related	Family

Pfam: PF02469

UniProt features (93 total): strand 34, helix 32, disulfide bond 5, splice variant 5, domain 5, sequence variant 2, mutagenesis site 2, sequence conflict 2, turn 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, modified residue 1, glycosylation site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

3 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
5YJG	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.4
5YJH	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.96
5WT7	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q15063-F1	80.25	0.71

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 60

Disulfide bonds (5): 69–333, 79–92, 208–311, 467–472, 44–80

Glycosylation sites (1): 599

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (2):

Position	Phenotype
60	no effect on homodimerization.
463–465	loss of homodimerization.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 242 (showing top): TURASHVILI_BREAST_LOBULAR_CARCINOMA_VS_DUCTAL_NORMAL_UP, PAL_PRMT5_TARGETS_UP, GAUSSMANN_MLL_AF4_FUSION_TARGETS_E_UP, RIZKI_TUMOR_INVASIVENESS_3D_DN, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_OXYGEN_CONTAINING_COMPOUND, LIEN_BREAST_CARCINOMA_METAPLASTIC, chr13q13, HERNANDEZ_ABERRANT_MITOSIS_BY_DOCETACEL_4NM_UP, MAHAJAN_RESPONSE_TO_IL1A_DN, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_48HR_DN, CHEN_LVAD_SUPPORT_OF_FAILING_HEART_UP, GERY_CEBP_TARGETS, GOCC_TRANS_GOLGI_NETWORK, WOO_LIVER_CANCER_RECURRENCE_UP, LU_TUMOR_VASCULATURE_UP

GO Biological Process (19): response to hypoxia (GO:0001666), negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion (GO:0001953), regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure (GO:0003073), cell adhesion (GO:0007155), regulation of Notch signaling pathway (GO:0008593), response to mechanical stimulus (GO:0009612), tissue development (GO:0009888), response to muscle activity (GO:0014850), positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration (GO:0014911), extracellular matrix organization (GO:0030198), response to estradiol (GO:0032355), cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus (GO:0044344), cellular response to vitamin K (GO:0071307), cellular response to tumor necrosis factor (GO:0071356), cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus (GO:0071560), negative regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading (GO:1900025), neuron projection extension (GO:1990138), bone regeneration (GO:1990523), positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production (GO:2000343)

GO Molecular Function (5): heparin binding (GO:0008201), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), cell adhesion molecule binding (GO:0050839), extracellular matrix structural constituent (GO:0005201), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (6): obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), trans-Golgi network (GO:0005802), extracellular matrix (GO:0031012), neuromuscular junction (GO:0031594), extracellular region (GO:0005576), Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
negative regulation of cell-substrate adhesion	2
cellular response to growth factor stimulus	2
response to stress	1
response to decreased oxygen levels	1
regulation of cell-matrix adhesion	1
cell-matrix adhesion	1
regulation of blood pressure	1
cellular process	1
Notch signaling pathway	1
regulation of signal transduction	1
response to external stimulus	1
response to abiotic stimulus	1
anatomical structure development	1
response to activity	1
smooth muscle cell migration	1
regulation of smooth muscle cell migration	1
positive regulation of cell migration	1
extracellular structure organization	1
external encapsulating structure organization	1
response to lipid	1
response to oxygen-containing compound	1
response to fibroblast growth factor	1
response to vitamin K	1
cellular response to vitamin	1
cellular response to ketone	1
response to tumor necrosis factor	1
cellular response to cytokine stimulus	1
response to transforming growth factor beta	1
substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	1
regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	1
developmental cell growth	1
neuron projection morphogenesis	1
developmental growth involved in morphogenesis	1
tissue regeneration	1
positive regulation of chemokine production	1
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production	1
regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production	1
glycosaminoglycan binding	1
sulfur compound binding	1
cation binding	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

3566 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
POSTN	FN1	P02751	995
POSTN	BMP1	P13497	982
POSTN	NOTCH1	P46531	970
POSTN	CLCA1	A8K7I4	898
POSTN	COL3A1	P02461	886
POSTN	SERPINB2	P05120	853
POSTN	COL1A2	P02464	826
POSTN	PTK7	Q13308	812
POSTN	LUM	P51884	806
POSTN	WNT3A	P56704	790
POSTN	IL13	P35225	788
POSTN	COL1A1	P02452	783
POSTN	TGFB1	P01137	779
POSTN	WNT1	P04628	776
POSTN	FBLN2	P98095	761

IntAct

23 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TGFBI	POSTN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
POSTN	TGFBI	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TGFBI	POSTN	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.560
POSTN	TGFBI	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.560
POSTN	Trappc2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
TRAPPC2L	POSTN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
ILK	ELOC	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MTMR14	ACSL4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ATF3	TMEM223	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CASP3	TMEM223	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CEBPD	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CTNNA1	MYO1G	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
FOS	TMEM223	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GATA2	C11orf98	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MYB	IGF2BP3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CDH5	MYO1C	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
TMEM231	POSTN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
POSTN	MKS1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
POSTN	B9D1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (11): POSTN (Affinity Capture-MS), POSTN (Affinity Capture-MS), MKS1 (Affinity Capture-MS), B9D1 (Affinity Capture-MS), POSTN (Affinity Capture-MS), POSTN (Proximity Label-MS), LRRIQ1 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), POSTN (Affinity Capture-RNA), SEC61A1 (Co-fractionation), POSTN (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), POSTN (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS))

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A8M9PFP2, A1XQY1, A2A863, A2VE29, B0S5G3, D3YXG0, I2C090, O11780, P02786, P06684, P08650, P10674, P10675, P16144, P19827, P55906, P56652, P82198, P97278, P97280, Q06033, Q0VCM5, Q15063, Q15582, Q28146, Q29052, Q2V905, Q5R9Q9, Q5RDH6, Q61702, Q62009, Q63372, Q64632, Q8BJD1, Q8CFM6, Q8R4U0, Q8R4Y4, Q8R553, Q8VDA1, Q8WWQ8

Diamond homologs: C1AFY9, O11780, O33752, P0A669, P0CAX7, P55906, P73392, P74615, P82198, P9WNF2, P9WNF3, P9WNF4, P9WNF5, Q15063, Q15582, Q49614, Q95215, Q62009, D4B388, Q8CFM6, Q8LEJ6, Q8R4U0, Q8R4Y4, Q8WWQ8, Q9NY15, O08859, P03994, P07354, P07897, P07898, P13608, P16112, P41725, P55068, P98065, P98066, Q28062, Q28343, Q28381, Q28670

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
YY1	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	POSTN	“transcriptional regulation”

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

142 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	108
Likely benign	6
Benign	4

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

3097 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
13:37569724:ATTTT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
13:37577751:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
13:37577752:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
13:37577795:CAAA:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
13:37577799:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
13:37579118:TTACC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
13:37579119:TACCT:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
13:37579123:T:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
13:37579222:AACTT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
13:37579223:ACTTA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
13:37579224:CTT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
13:37579225:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
13:37579226:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
13:37579227:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
13:37579227:ACT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
13:37579227:ACTT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
13:37579228:C:A	donor_loss	1.0000
13:37579228:C:CA	donor_gain	1.0000
13:37579228:CT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
13:37579228:CTT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
13:37579228:CTTC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
13:37579228:CTTCT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
13:37579230:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
13:37579250:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
13:37579356:TCCC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
13:37579357:CCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
13:37579357:CCCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
13:37579358:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
13:37579358:CCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
13:37579358:CCCT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

5515 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
13:37586867:A:T	V223D	1.000
13:37584757:C:T	G356D	0.999
13:37584758:C:G	G356R	0.999
13:37584891:A:C	C311W	0.999
13:37584892:C:G	C311S	0.999
13:37584893:A:G	C311R	0.999
13:37584893:A:T	C311S	0.999
13:37584925:A:G	L300P	0.999
13:37586216:G:T	A273D	0.999
13:37586873:C:A	G221V	0.999
13:37586873:C:T	G221D	0.999
13:37586874:C:A	G221C	0.999
13:37586874:C:G	G221R	0.999
13:37586882:G:T	A218E	0.999
13:37586883:C:G	A218P	0.999
13:37586911:A:C	C208W	0.999
13:37586912:C:G	C208S	0.999
13:37586912:C:T	C208Y	0.999
13:37586913:A:G	C208R	0.999
13:37586913:A:T	C208S	0.999
13:37586918:A:T	V206D	0.999
13:37590387:C:A	W142C	0.999
13:37590387:C:G	W142C	0.999
13:37590389:A:G	W142R	0.999
13:37590389:A:T	W142R	0.999
13:37590409:A:G	F135S	0.999
13:37592108:C:G	C92S	0.999
13:37592109:A:G	C92R	0.999
13:37592109:A:T	C92S	0.999
13:37592145:A:G	C80R	0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000013140 (13:37575322 G>A), RS1000082205 (13:37568498 C>T), RS1000141435 (13:37597866 A>G), RS1000237939 (13:37581474 C>T), RS1000293330 (13:37583770 A>G), RS1000388002 (13:37584130 A>G), RS1000467401 (13:37588446 A>G), RS1000575866 (13:37600533 T>C), RS1000681830 (13:37590758 T>C), RS1000706713 (13:37564366 T>C), RS1000723590 (13:37585902 C>T), RS1000887318 (13:37570384 T>C), RS1001034066 (13:37572875 A>G), RS1001163940 (13:37565484 T>A,C), RS1001217664 (13:37565835 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:608777 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

7 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001814_20	Age-related macular degeneration	6.000000e-06
GCST001814_30	Age-related macular degeneration	6.000000e-06
GCST002682_12	Tourette’s syndrome or obsessive-compulsive disorder	6.000000e-06
GCST006284_8	Plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 levels in stable coronary artery disease	9.000000e-07
GCST006585_106	Blood protein levels	2.000000e-12
GCST006585_1380	Blood protein levels	3.000000e-16
GCST006585_691	Blood protein levels	9.000000e-23

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0006899	PCSK9 protein measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

77 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	increases expression, decreases methylation, affects cotreatment	6
sodium arsenite	increases abundance, increases expression, decreases expression, affects cotreatment	4
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, increases expression	3
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases expression, increases methylation	3
Doxorubicin	decreases expression, increases expression, decreases response to substance	3
bisphenol A	decreases expression, increases expression	2
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	decreases expression, increases methylation	2
entinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	2
Arsenic	decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance	2
Dexamethasone	decreases reaction, increases expression, decreases expression	2
Nickel	decreases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression, decreases expression	2
Aflatoxin B1	affects expression, increases expression	2
Paclitaxel	increases expression, decreases response to substance	2
bisphenol F	increases expression	1
gamabufotalin	decreases expression, affects expression, affects reaction, decreases reaction, decreases phosphorylation	1
lead acetate	increases expression	1
trimellitic anhydride	decreases expression	1
curcumol	decreases expression, decreases secretion, affects reaction	1
manganese chloride	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
potassium chromate(VI)	decreases expression	1
nickel sulfate	increases expression	1
mercuric bromide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
asarum oil	decreases reaction, increases abundance, increases expression	1
arctigenin	affects cotreatment, decreases reaction, increases secretion, affects reaction	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	decreases expression	1
paricalcitol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	decreases reaction, increases expression	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_B2BM	Abcam HeLa POSTN KO	Cancer cell line	Female

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.