PPL

Summary

PPL (periplakin, HGNC:9273) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 16p13.3, encoding Periplakin (O60437). Component of the cornified envelope of keratinocytes.

The protein encoded by this gene is a component of desmosomes and of the epidermal cornified envelope in keratinocytes. The N-terminal domain of this protein interacts with the plasma membrane and its C-terminus interacts with intermediate filaments. Through its rod domain, this protein forms complexes with envoplakin. This protein may serve as a link between the cornified envelope and desmosomes as well as intermediate filaments. AKT1/PKB, a protein kinase mediating a variety of cell growth and survival signaling processes, is reported to interact with this protein, suggesting a possible role for this protein as a localization signal in AKT1-mediated signaling.

Source: NCBI Gene 5493 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 19
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 498 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_002705

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:9273
Approved symbol	PPL
Name	periplakin
Location	16p13.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000118898
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	602871
Entrez	5493

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 10 — 7 protein_coding, 3 retained_intron

ENST00000345988, ENST00000588556, ENST00000589090, ENST00000590093, ENST00000590782, ENST00000592772, ENST00000923224, ENST00000923225, ENST00000950847, ENST00000950848

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_002705 NM_002705

CCDS: CCDS10526

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000345988 — 22 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000802177	4902406	4902526
ENSE00000802178	4900964	4901089
ENSE00000802179	4900830	4900871
ENSE00000802180	4899223	4899384
ENSE00000802181	4899013	4899120
ENSE00000802182	4897675	4897770
ENSE00000802183	4895594	4895716
ENSE00000802184	4895261	4895407
ENSE00000802185	4894467	4894618
ENSE00000802186	4893541	4893638
ENSE00000802187	4893213	4893370
ENSE00000802188	4892035	4892213
ENSE00000802189	4891811	4891949
ENSE00000802192	4890184	4890334
ENSE00000802193	4888978	4889061
ENSE00000802194	4888102	4888218
ENSE00000802195	4887135	4887227
ENSE00000944227	4890728	4890921
ENSE00001145078	4903886	4904040
ENSE00001318895	4936984	4937148
ENSE00001388153	4882507	4886047
ENSE00003568507	4910850	4910949

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 265 present calls, max score 99.65.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 6.9140 / max 290.7153, expressed in 820 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
156134	5.5068	751
156136	0.6870	297
156135	0.5599	311
156132	0.1604	101

Top tissues by expression

286 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	99.65	gold quality
tongue squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006919	99.62	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	99.61	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	99.56	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	99.41	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	99.40	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	99.37	gold quality
squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006914	99.33	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	99.31	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	99.27	gold quality
cervix epithelium	UBERON:0004801	99.13	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	99.11	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	99.09	gold quality
epithelium of esophagus	UBERON:0001976	99.08	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	99.07	gold quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	99.00	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	98.89	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	98.59	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	98.53	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	98.35	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	98.24	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	98.05	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	98.05	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	97.57	gold quality
nipple	UBERON:0002030	97.46	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	97.14	gold quality
hair follicle	UBERON:0002073	96.82	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	96.76	gold quality
endometrium epithelium	UBERON:0004811	96.43	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	96.35	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 5 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-HCAD-1	yes	1887.84
E-MTAB-7249	yes	133.04
E-MTAB-10596	no	443.40
E-CURD-11	no	261.27
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): SP1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

26 targeting PPL, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-568	99.98	69.86	2084
HSA-MIR-6835-3P	99.93	70.49	2904
HSA-MIR-4492	99.87	68.25	3611
HSA-MIR-1321	99.84	65.30	1811
HSA-MIR-4739	99.84	65.25	1832
HSA-MIR-4756-5P	99.84	64.98	1809
HSA-MIR-4446-5P	99.72	69.19	2544
HSA-MIR-4306	99.72	70.50	3630
HSA-MIR-6762-3P	99.66	66.94	1188
HSA-MIR-6512-3P	99.65	66.07	1468
HSA-MIR-6720-5P	99.65	66.22	1459
HSA-MIR-3942-3P	99.57	69.03	2854
HSA-MIR-7106-5P	99.53	67.47	3574
HSA-MIR-4685-5P	99.25	65.99	1563
HSA-MIR-6837-5P	99.25	65.47	1632
HSA-MIR-143-5P	98.98	68.87	946
HSA-MIR-1257	98.97	68.02	1133
HSA-MIR-6894-5P	98.70	63.78	809
HSA-MIR-92A-1-5P	98.28	64.51	631
HSA-MIR-4691-3P	98.11	66.83	1204
HSA-MIR-4443	98.02	66.25	1928
HSA-MIR-6883-3P	97.97	67.35	643
HSA-MIR-4638-3P	97.90	65.75	905
HSA-MIR-299-3P	97.73	66.67	773
HSA-MIR-214-5P	97.34	66.50	617
HSA-MIR-885-3P	95.14	63.08	448

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 23)

• This protein binds to protein kinase B. (PMID:12244133)
• in spite of its high homology and structural similarity with envoplakin, periplakin is functionally closer to the plakin proteins plectin and desmoplakin, and may function tissue-wide as a scaffolding protein in intermediate filament assembly (PMID:12366696)
• interactions between helix VIII of the human mu-opioid receptors and the C terminus of periplakin disrupt G protein activation (PMID:12810704)
• envoplakin and periplakin bind to the plasma membrane upon elevation of intracellular [Ca(2+)] in differentiating keratinocytes, where they serve as a scaffold for cornified cell envelope assembly (PMID:15033990)
• periplakin (PPL) as a selective interacting protein for the intracellular tail of FcgammaRI but no other activatory FcRs (PMID:15229321)
• the involvement of desmoplakin (DP), plectin, and periplakin in the destruction of epithelial cell integrity ensures the efficient elimination of cytoskeleton, but also provides specificity for selectively targeting individual adhesion molecules (PMID:15500642)
• Periplakin interferes with G protein activation by the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor-1 by binding to the proximal segment of the receptor C-terminal tail (PMID:15590649)
• caspase 6 cleaves periplakin at an unconventional recognition site, amino acid sequence TVAD (PMID:15654952)
• Downregulation of periplakin is associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (PMID:16400690)
• A novel functional co-localisation is identified between two plakin cytolinker proteins. (PMID:17662978)
• autoantibodies are detected in patients with paraneoplastic pemphigus (PMID:18820940)
• Sciellin, SPRR3, and periplakin transcripts were all upregulated (4.67-, 4.95-, 2.77-fold, respectively) by prolonged exposure to cyclic strain (24-72 h), but not at earlier time points. (PMID:19211270)
• involved in cellular movement and attachment in pharyngeal squamous cancer cells (PMID:21951621)
• Annexin A9 and periplakin co-localise in the epidermis and annexin A9 is up-regulated in differentiating keratinocytes, but the epidermal annexin A9 expression does not require periplakin. (PMID:22841549)
• Loss of periplakin expression is associated with pathological stage and cancer-specific survival in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. (PMID:24942859)
• Low serum periplakin is associated with urothelial carcinoma. (PMID:25520130)
• Human gamma-delta T cells are activated by cytosolic interactions of BTN3A1 with soluble phosphoantigens and the cytoskeletal adaptor periplakin. (PMID:25637025)
• Letter: suggest periplakin autoimmunity may be involved in asthma pathogenesis. (PMID:27717390)
• PPL overexpression inhibited the growth of colon cancer. (PMID:28068625)
• These data identify an important regulatory role for periplakin SUMOylation in dynamic reorganization and stability of keratin intermediate filaments. (PMID:30516430)
• The 4717C > G polymorphism in periplakin modulates sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors. (PMID:30787334)
• Binding of the periplakin linker requires vimentin acidic residues D176 and E187. (PMID:32081916)
• Desmoplakin and periplakin genetically and functionally contribute to eosinophilic esophagitis. (PMID:34815391)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	ppl	ENSDARG00000101043
mus_musculus	Ppl	ENSMUSG00000039457
rattus_norvegicus	Ppl	ENSRNOG00000002930

Paralogs (2): EVPL (ENSG00000167880), EVPLL (ENSG00000214860)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Periplakin — O60437 (reviewed: O60437)

Alternative names: 190 kDa paraneoplastic pemphigus antigen, 195 kDa cornified envelope precursor protein

All UniProt accessions (3): O60437, K7EKI8, K7EQ71

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Component of the cornified envelope of keratinocytes. May link the cornified envelope to desmosomes and intermediate filaments. May act as a localization signal in PKB/AKT-mediated signaling.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer or a heterodimer with EVPL. Found in a complex composed of PPL (via C-terminal linker domain), BFSP1 and BFSP2 in the retinal lens. Within the complex interacts (via C-terminal linker domain) with BFSP2. Interacts with VIM. Binds to the PH domain of AKT1. Interacts with FCGR1A. May interact with PPHLN1. Interacts with ANXA9; could play a role in epidermal differentiation.

Subcellular location. Cell junction. Desmosome. Cytoplasm. Cytoskeleton. Cell membrane. Lateral cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in stratified squamous epithelia and in some other epithelia.

Induction. During differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes.

Similarity. Belongs to the plakin or cytolinker family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_002696* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001101	Plectin_repeat	Repeat
IPR001452	SH3_domain	Domain
IPR018159	Spectrin/alpha-actinin	Repeat
IPR035915	Plakin_repeat_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR041615	Desmoplakin_SH3	Domain
IPR043197	Plakin	Family
IPR055419	Spectrin_PEPL/EVPL	Domain
IPR058847	Plectin_PPL	Domain

Pfam: PF17902, PF23160, PF26346

UniProt features (43 total): sequence variant 10, repeat 6, modified residue 6, helix 5, coiled-coil region 4, strand 4, sequence conflict 3, turn 2, chain 1, domain 1, region of interest 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
4Q28	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.64

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-O60437-F1	75.74	0.24

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (6): 14, 465, 887, 949, 1584, 1657

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-6809371	Formation of the cornified envelope
R-HSA-8851680	Butyrophilin (BTN) family interactions

MSigDB gene sets: 189 (showing top): GSE45365_CD8A_DC_VS_CD11B_DC_IFNAR_KO_UP, RNGTGGGC_UNKNOWN, GOBP_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, KOBAYASHI_EGFR_SIGNALING_24HR_UP, JI_RESPONSE_TO_FSH_UP, GOBP_INTERMEDIATE_FILAMENT_BASED_PROCESS, REACTOME_ADAPTIVE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, JAEGER_METASTASIS_DN, PEREZ_TP63_TARGETS, GGGTGGRR_PAX4_03, TTGCWCAAY_CEBPB_02, CEBPB_01, RODRIGUES_NTN1_TARGETS_DN, MODULE_66, GOBP_WOUND_HEALING

GO Biological Process (4): response to mechanical stimulus (GO:0009612), keratinization (GO:0031424), wound healing (GO:0042060), intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization (GO:0045104)

GO Molecular Function (4): structural molecule activity (GO:0005198), structural constituent of cytoskeleton (GO:0005200), cadherin binding (GO:0045296), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (10): cornified envelope (GO:0001533), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020), desmosome (GO:0030057), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), intermediate filament (GO:0005882), anchoring junction (GO:0070161)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Keratinization	1
Adaptive Immune System	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	3
cytoskeleton organization	2
response to external stimulus	1
response to abiotic stimulus	1
keratinocyte differentiation	1
multicellular organismal process	1
response to wounding	1
tissue regeneration	1
intermediate filament-based process	1
molecular_function	1
structural molecule activity	1
cytoskeleton	1
cell adhesion molecule binding	1
binding	1
plasma membrane	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
cell-cell junction	1
extracellular vesicle	1
intermediate filament cytoskeleton	1
polymeric cytoskeletal fiber	1
cell junction	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1416 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
PPL	EVPL	Q92817	980
PPL	PRX	Q9BXM0	973
PPL	AHNAK	Q09666	955
PPL	EZR	P15311	941
PPL	DSP	P15924	892
PPL	PPHLN1	Q8NEY8	869
PPL	DSG1	Q02413	844
PPL	DSG3	P32926	835
PPL	IVL	P07476	777
PPL	KAZN	Q674X7	748
PPL	LORICRIN	P23490	745
PPL	COL17A1	Q9UMD9	733
PPL	PKP1	Q13835	724
PPL	PLEC	Q15149	723
PPL	GAS2	O43903	712

IntAct

244 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
PPL	ALAS1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
PPL	TRAF2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.710
PPL	RALBP1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
RALBP1	PPL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
PPL	HTT	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
BTN3A1	PPL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.630
PPL	KRT39	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.600
KRT39	PPL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.600
BTN3A1	PPL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.590

BioGRID (232): PPL (Two-hybrid), TRIM27 (Two-hybrid), TRAF2 (Two-hybrid), VIM (Two-hybrid), AHCYL1 (Two-hybrid), RALBP1 (Two-hybrid), TSC22D4 (Two-hybrid), RAB3IP (Two-hybrid), ZSCAN1 (Two-hybrid), CEP57L1 (Two-hybrid), PPL (Affinity Capture-MS), PPL (Affinity Capture-MS), PPL (Affinity Capture-MS), PPL (Affinity Capture-MS), PPL (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A3B6UES5, A0A3G2LGI8, D3ZHV2, G8JYB2, O46037, O60437, P0CE94, P0CE95, P11533, P12003, P18206, P19826, P26039, P26231, P26234, P30427, P33338, P35220, P35221, P54939, P85972, P90947, Q02328, Q03001, Q04615, Q15149, Q17162, Q3MHM6, Q54K81, Q54MH2, Q59I72, Q64727, Q6ZWR6, Q71LX4, Q8MSU4, Q91ZU6, Q95XZ0, Q9ERE8, Q9H1K6, Q9MBF8

Diamond homologs: A0A8M2BID5, A0A8M9PQ61, E9Q557, F1LMV6, O60437, P15924, P30427, P58107, Q15149, Q8R0W0, Q9JI55, Q9QXS1, Q9R269, Q9D952, A8MZ36, Q92817

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

498 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	390
Likely benign	37
Benign	24

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

3457 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
16:4886044:GCTG:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:4886045:CTG:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:4886046:TG:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:4886046:TGC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:4886047:GC:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:4886048:CTGTG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:4886049:T:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:4886050:G:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:4886053:A:AC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:4886053:A:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:4887130:GTTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
16:4887131:TTAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:4887132:TAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:4887133:A:AT	donor_loss	1.0000
16:4887134:CCTGT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
16:4887224:CTTC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:4887225:TTC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:4887226:TC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:4887227:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:4887228:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:4887229:T:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:4887231:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:4888097:CTCA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
16:4888098:TCAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:4888099:CA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
16:4888100:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
16:4888100:ACCTC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
16:4888101:C:A	donor_loss	1.0000
16:4888101:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
16:4888101:CCT:C	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

11536 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
16:4897730:A:G	L306P	0.999
16:4883570:C:A	W1695C	0.998
16:4883570:C:G	W1695C	0.998
16:4897743:A:G	W302R	0.998
16:4897743:A:T	W302R	0.998
16:4899270:A:G	W241R	0.998
16:4899270:A:T	W241R	0.998
16:4883572:A:G	W1695R	0.997
16:4883572:A:T	W1695R	0.997
16:4897741:C:A	W302C	0.997
16:4897741:C:G	W302C	0.997
16:4899314:A:G	L226P	0.996
16:4883592:A:G	L1688P	0.995
16:4897714:G:C	C311W	0.995
16:4899305:A:G	L229P	0.995
16:4899347:A:G	L215P	0.995
16:4894564:A:G	W433R	0.994
16:4894564:A:T	W433R	0.994
16:4897758:C:G	A297P	0.994
16:4899268:C:A	W241C	0.994
16:4899268:C:G	W241C	0.994
16:4910911:A:G	L34P	0.994
16:4883526:A:T	I1710K	0.993
16:4883676:A:T	V1660D	0.993
16:4897700:A:G	L316P	0.993
16:4897715:C:T	C311Y	0.993
16:4897724:A:G	L308P	0.993
16:4899356:A:G	L212P	0.993
16:4883526:A:G	I1710T	0.992
16:4897721:A:G	L309P	0.992

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000008367 (16:4928388 A>G), RS1000054415 (16:4924964 C>T), RS1000106277 (16:4924811 C>A), RS1000189628 (16:4895519 C>G), RS1000210729 (16:4917503 G>A), RS1000218006 (16:4915535 A>G), RS1000218709 (16:4929387 C>A), RS1000291682 (16:4915119 T>C), RS1000346099 (16:4887293 T>C,G), RS1000348869 (16:4933714 A>G,T), RS1000412673 (16:4933360 G>A,C), RS1000445859 (16:4919765 C>A,T), RS1000454873 (16:4931696 C>T), RS1000507057 (16:4931553 C>T), RS1000507298 (16:4928053 C>G,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:602871 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

19 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001543_2	Lung cancer (asbestos exposure interaction)	4.000000e-06
GCST001823_22	Metabolite levels (HVA/MHPG ratio)	2.000000e-06
GCST004280_29	Diastolic blood pressure	3.000000e-10
GCST005275_25	Cancer	3.000000e-07
GCST007094_160	Diastolic blood pressure	1.000000e-11
GCST007095_58	Systolic blood pressure	5.000000e-09
GCST007095_59	Systolic blood pressure	2.000000e-07
GCST007098_111	Diastolic blood pressure	5.000000e-07
GCST007098_112	Diastolic blood pressure	2.000000e-07
GCST007099_41	Systolic blood pressure	2.000000e-12
GCST007397_1	Mitochondrial DNA copy number (white blood cells)	4.000000e-07
GCST008163_567	Height	2.000000e-06
GCST010988_32	Adult body size	1.000000e-08
GCST012226_384	Waist circumference adjusted for body mass index	5.000000e-09
GCST012226_385	Waist circumference adjusted for body mass index	3.000000e-08
GCST012490_454	Femur bone mineral density x serum urate levels interaction	3.000000e-10
GCST012490_636	Femur bone mineral density x serum urate levels interaction	4.000000e-09
GCST90000025_82	Appendicular lean mass	2.000000e-09
GCST90013406_131	Liver enzyme levels (alkaline phosphatase)	3.000000e-09

EFO canonical traits (10, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004806	asbestos exposure measurement
EFO:0005131	HVA measurement
EFO:0005133	MHPG measurement
EFO:0006336	diastolic blood pressure
EFO:0006335	systolic blood pressure
EFO:0006312	mitochondrial DNA measurement
EFO:0007789	BMI-adjusted waist circumference
EFO:0004531	urate measurement
EFO:0004980	appendicular lean mass
EFO:0004533	alkaline phosphatase measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

93 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression	6
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression, decreases expression, increases expression	4
bisphenol A	decreases methylation, increases expression, affects cotreatment, increases methylation, decreases expression	3
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, decreases methylation, increases expression	3
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases expression, decreases methylation	3
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	increases expression, affects expression, decreases expression	3
Cyclosporine	affects expression, increases expression	3
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance, affects cotreatment	3
mercuric bromide	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
entinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Panobinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Acetaminophen	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Air Pollutants	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases oxidation, decreases expression	2
Calcitriol	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Formaldehyde	increases expression	2
Oxygen	decreases reaction, increases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Smoke	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Testosterone	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	2
1-cyclopropyl-4-(4-((5-methyl-3-(3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)pyridin-2-yl)piperazine	decreases reaction, increases expression	1
bisphenol F	increases expression	1
2,4,6-tribromophenol	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
alpha-pinene	increases abundance, affects cotreatment, increases oxidation	1
lead acetate	decreases expression	1
pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects localization, increases expression	1
trichostatin A	increases expression	1
arsenite	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.