PRKCH

Summary

PRKCH (protein kinase C eta, HGNC:9403) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 14q23.1, encoding PRKCH upstream open reading frame 2 (C0HM02). Product of an upstream open reading frame (ORF) of PRKCH which regulates translation of the downstream protein kinase C eta (PKC-eta) ORF.

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play a distinct role in cells. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PKC family members. It is a calcium-independent and phospholipids-dependent protein kinase. It is predominantly expressed in epithelial tissues and has been shown to reside specifically in the cell nucleus. This protein kinase can regulate keratinocyte differentiation by activating the MAP kinase MAPK13 (p38delta)-activated protein kinase cascade that targets CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA). It is also found to mediate the transcription activation of the transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) gene. Mutations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to cerebral infarction.

Source: NCBI Gene 5583 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 11
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 156 total
• GTEx eGene: eQTL in 13 tissues, sQTL in 4 (q < 0.05)
• Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 1.00 (loss-of-function intolerant), LOEUF 0.47 (moderately constrained)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_006255
• Notable: 156 clinical variants but no curated precision-oncology (CIViC) evidence yet

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:9403
Approved symbol	PRKCH
Name	protein kinase C eta
Location	14q23.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	PKC-L, PKCL
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000027075
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	605437
Entrez	5583

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 29 — 16 protein_coding, 13 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

MANE Select: ENST00000332981

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 2, TSL 2: 3, TSL 3: 10, TSL 4: 9, TSL 5: 3

ENST00000332981, ENST00000536400, ENST00000552875, ENST00000553265, ENST00000553726, ENST00000553830, ENST00000553831, ENST00000553846, ENST00000553889, ENST00000554835, ENST00000555082, ENST00000555110, ENST00000555185, ENST00000555233, ENST00000555382, ENST00000555542, ENST00000555604, ENST00000555628, ENST00000555906, ENST00000556164, ENST00000556245, ENST00000556778, ENST00000557294, ENST00000557473, ENST00000557559, ENST00000557585, ENST00000557599, ENST00001108020, ENST00001134091

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_006255 NM_006255

CCDS: CCDS9752

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000332981 — 14 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001313856	61321579	61322464
ENSE00002516287	61549685	61550976
ENSE00003468824	61450842	61450971
ENSE00003468881	61457506	61457679
ENSE00003468962	61485502	61485656
ENSE00003476188	61453226	61453353
ENSE00003512561	61457176	61457319
ENSE00003535166	61391225	61391288
ENSE00003566321	61547743	61547886
ENSE00003575400	61445692	61445726
ENSE00003584360	61530407	61530595
ENSE00003642436	61529075	61529213
ENSE00003683690	61443111	61443261
ENSE00003788450	61449164	61449252

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 274 present calls, max score 97.62.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 20.9721 / max 3450.7001, expressed in 1110 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): parotid gland, granulocyte, esophagus squamous epithelium, epithelium of esophagus, lymph node.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

PRKCH is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 13 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 4 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

17 significant tissue × QTL associations:

Tissue	QTL	q-value	Slope	Lead variant
Muscle Skeletal	eqtl	1.6e-18	+0.33	14:61188364:A:C
Brain Anterior cingulate cortex BA24	eqtl	2.3e-07	+4.34	14:61841376:A:G
Testis	eqtl	2.9e-05	-0.54	14:61442459:T:C
Adipose Subcutaneous	eqtl	4.2e-04	-0.15	14:61309089:G:GC
Adipose Subcutaneous	sqtl	4.4e-04	-0.46	14:61525116:T:C
Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic	eqtl	8.1e-04	-0.24	14:61333678:G:C
Colon Transverse	eqtl	4.9e-03	+0.23	14:60298452:A:G
Lung	eqtl	5.2e-03	-0.15	14:61309940:A:AAG
Breast Mammary Tissue	eqtl	9.6e-03	-0.16	14:61299298:G:C
Cells Cultured fibroblasts	eqtl	1.0e-02	-0.19	14:61373199:G:A
Esophagus Muscularis	sqtl	1.2e-02	-1.36	14:60193895:G:A
Stomach	sqtl	1.3e-02	+1.61	14:61690333:G:A
Whole Blood	eqtl	1.3e-02	-0.07	14:61477417:T:C
Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg	eqtl	2.4e-02	+0.16	14:61361484:G:A
Cells Cultured fibroblasts	sqtl	2.8e-02	+0.29	14:61476079:C:T
Esophagus Muscularis	eqtl	3.1e-02	+0.66	14:61762697:C:T
Thyroid	eqtl	3.7e-02	+0.18	14:61350217:C:T

FANTOM5 promoters

showing 10 of 26 alternative TSS:

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
139911	8.7966	851
139931	5.0960	246
139934	2.3676	112
139908	1.6032	503
139933	0.8328	117
139912	0.4798	265
139932	0.2598	59
139915	0.2012	80
139913	0.1780	94
139943	0.1673	41

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 284 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	97.62	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	97.16	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	95.18	gold quality
epithelium of esophagus	UBERON:0001976	94.64	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	94.62	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	94.62	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	94.55	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	93.91	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	93.62	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	93.42	gold quality
upper lobe of lung	UBERON:0008948	93.40	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	93.39	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	93.34	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	93.10	gold quality
lung	UBERON:0002048	93.06	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	92.30	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	92.19	gold quality
mucosa of urinary bladder	UBERON:0001259	92.10	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	92.01	gold quality
squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006914	91.79	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	91.61	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	91.56	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	91.52	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	91.23	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	91.18	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	91.09	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	90.97	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	90.90	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	90.69	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	90.68	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	90.64	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	90.54	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	90.49	gold quality
tongue squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006919	90.41	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	90.35	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	90.31	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	90.29	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	90.17	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	90.09	gold quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	90.06	gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	UBERON:0002736	90.02	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	89.98	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	89.98	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	89.84	gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal region	UBERON:0007808	89.79	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	89.77	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	89.52	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	89.31	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	89.17	gold quality
uterine cervix	UBERON:0000002	89.08	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	88.93	gold quality
cervix epithelium	UBERON:0004801	88.92	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	88.86	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	88.85	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	88.82	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	88.65	gold quality
caecum	UBERON:0001153	88.64	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	88.62	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	88.40	gold quality
adipose tissue	UBERON:0001013	88.35	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	88.23	gold quality
urethra	UBERON:0000057	88.20	gold quality
pericardium	UBERON:0002407	87.94	gold quality
connective tissue	UBERON:0002384	87.92	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	87.66	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	87.64	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	87.48	gold quality
thoracic mammary gland	UBERON:0005200	87.42	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	87.35	gold quality
mammary gland	UBERON:0001911	87.32	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	87.28	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	87.27	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	87.27	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	87.22	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	87.09	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	87.06	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	86.86	gold quality
periodontal ligament	UBERON:0008266	86.86	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	86.84	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	86.83	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	86.81	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	86.76	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	86.69	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	86.68	gold quality
cardiac atrium	UBERON:0002081	86.67	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	86.65	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	86.46	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	86.27	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	86.13	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	85.88	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	85.82	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	85.66	silver quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	85.56	silver quality
tibia	UBERON:0000979	85.55	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	85.47	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	85.44	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	85.41	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	85.40	gold quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	85.40	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	85.39	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 9 experiment(s), a significant marker in 9.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-180759	yes	1288.40
E-MTAB-11268	yes	1212.49
E-CURD-112	yes	478.90
E-CURD-122	yes	44.30
E-CURD-119	yes	34.54
E-MTAB-6678	yes	26.25
E-HCAD-35	yes	22.43
E-ANND-3	yes	14.75
E-MTAB-9067	yes	5.08

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Low tissue specificity

showing 60 of 80 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cell	Axis	nTPM	Protein (IHC)
Nucleus accumbens	tissue	60.4
Thymus	tissue	60.3
Lymph node	tissue	51.5	high
Spleen	tissue	36.1	medium
Tonsil	tissue	36.1	high
Placenta	tissue	30.4	high
Lung	tissue	29.6	medium
Caudate putamen	tissue	28.0
Salivary gland	tissue	26.6	high
Locus coeruleus	tissue	25.4
Esophagus	tissue	24.2	high
Urinary bladder	tissue	23.7	medium
Bone marrow	tissue	22.6	medium
Hippocampus	tissue	22.3	medium
Thalamus	tissue	22.1
Vagina	tissue	21.0	medium
Appendix	tissue	20.7	high
Breast	tissue	19.9	medium
Thyroid gland	tissue	19.8	high
Basal ganglia	tissue	19.6	low
Cervix	tissue	19.4	high
Adipose tissue	tissue	19.3	not detected
Choroid plexus	tissue	18.5
Gallbladder	tissue	18.5	high
Putamen	tissue	18.3
Midbrain	tissue	18.1
Heart muscle	tissue	17.4	high
Superior colliculi	tissue	17.4
Tongue	tissue	17.0
Smooth muscle	tissue	16.9	medium
Skin 1	tissue	16.7	high
Pons	tissue	15.3
Postcentral gyrus	tissue	15.1
Prostate	tissue	14.8	low
Pituitary gland	tissue	14.7
Endometrium 1	tissue	13.6	medium
Skeletal muscle	tissue	13.4	medium
Ventral forebrain	tissue	13.3
Parathyroid gland	tissue	12.8	high
Small intestine	tissue	11.7	high
Fallopian tube	tissue	11.4	medium
Seminal vesicle	tissue	10.8	medium
Epididymis	tissue	10.3	medium
Liver	tissue	9.6	medium
Stomach 1	tissue	8.9	high
Duodenum	tissue	8.9	high
Kidney	tissue	8.4	high
Septum	tissue	8.4
Rectum	tissue	8.3	high
Colon	tissue	8.0	high
Testis	tissue	6.9	medium
Ovary	tissue	6.9	low
Pancreas	tissue	6.8	medium
Spinal cord	tissue	6.2
Substantia nigra	tissue	5.6
Adrenal gland	tissue	5.6	medium
Cerebral cortex	tissue	4.4	medium
Motor cortex	tissue	4.4
Medulla oblongata	tissue	4.4
Hippocampal formation	tissue	4.2

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 192; highest nTPM — Posterior thalamic nucleus (61.8), Ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus (60.9), Nucleus rhomboideus (56.9), Ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus (54.5), Habenula (52.5).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): GLI1, PITX2, STAT3

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting PRKCH by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

showing 30 of 58 miRNAs:

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-513A-5P	100.00	69.77	2465
HSA-MIR-126-5P	100.00	72.71	3180
HSA-MIR-7110-3P	100.00	73.18	2486
HSA-MIR-4803	99.98	71.99	3117
HSA-MIR-27A-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-27B-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-9985	99.98	72.11	2939
HSA-MIR-1305	99.91	71.43	3443
HSA-MIR-576-5P	99.84	70.46	2582
HSA-MIR-944	99.82	70.85	3042
HSA-MIR-4799-5P	99.82	70.60	2663
HSA-MIR-181B-2-3P	99.81	70.06	1646
HSA-MIR-181B-3P	99.81	70.06	1646
HSA-MIR-204-5P	99.79	71.62	2439
HSA-MIR-211-5P	99.79	71.65	2440
HSA-MIR-6885-3P	99.75	70.36	3187
HSA-MIR-4766-5P	99.75	69.23	2662
HSA-MIR-187-5P	99.74	70.26	1404
HSA-MIR-4755-5P	99.71	70.34	2716
HSA-MIR-5006-3P	99.71	70.26	2728
HSA-MIR-33A-3P	99.70	70.27	3362
HSA-MIR-1283	99.69	72.42	3009
HSA-MIR-9851-3P	99.63	69.68	1110
HSA-MIR-24-3P	99.59	69.97	1934
HSA-MIR-4276	99.56	67.66	2514
HSA-MIR-3609	99.52	69.89	2587
HSA-MIR-548AH-5P	99.52	69.73	2626
HSA-MIR-548AV-3P	99.43	68.50	1721
HSA-MIR-6080	99.43	69.43	373
HSA-MIR-508-5P	99.41	64.25	1248

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 0.997, LOEUF 0.467, missense Z 2.4 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD)

ENST00000332981 splits into 5 regions with different missense tolerance; 0 are missense-constrained. Missense variants in a constrained region (low observed/expected) are more likely to be pathogenic. gnomAD

Region (GRCh38)	Missense obs / exp	o/e	Constrained
14:61,322,102–61,450,847	246 / 308.0	0.80	no
14:61,450,848–61,450,945	15 / 40.7	0.37	no
14:61,450,946–61,485,627	238 / 258.1	0.92	no
14:61,485,628–61,547,832	115 / 193.8	0.59	no
14:61,547,833–61,549,828	91 / 81.2	1.12	no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• that PKC eta negatively regulates UV-induced apoptosis through its localization, resistance to cleavage, and the p38 MAPK pathway (PMID:12646210)
• The novel varepsilon and eta and atypical zeta, but not the conventional alpha and beta and the novel delta PKCs, may be involved in the signaling pathways involved in thrombin-induced human platelet P-selectin expression (PMID:12783114)
• Minute virus of mice infection causes accumulation of endogenous PKCeta in the nuclear periphery and regulaties this NS1 regulating kinase, thus underlining the tight interconnection between PKC-mediated signaling and the parvoviral life cycle (PMID:12829844)
• The major result is a clear correlation of PKC eta expression with tumor progression in renal cell carcinoma. (PMID:14666709)
• There was expression of protein kinase C eta in abnormal muscle fibers. Protein kinase C isoforms may play a role in the pathogenesis of myofibrillar myopathy. (PMID:15159477)
• PKC-eta targets the Akt and mTOR signaling pathways (PMID:15489897)
• These studies demonstrate translocation of PKCeta to the nuclear envelope, and suggest that the spatial regulation of PKCeta could be important for its cellular functions including effects on cell cycle control and involvement in tumor promotion. (PMID:16242915)
• PKC-eta-mediated glioblastoma proliferation involves MEK/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation, activation of ERK and subsequently of Elk-1. (PMID:17146445)
• Our results provide evidence of the involvement of PRKCH as a susceptibility gene for rheumatoid arthritis in the Japanese population (PMID:17195206)
• We report that a nonsynonymous SNP in PRKCH increases the risk of cerebral infarction in the general Japanese population. We also found that PKCeta was expressed in vascular endothelial cells and foamy macrophages in human atherosclerotic lesions. (PMID:17206144)
• Fission of transport carriers at the trans-Golgi network is dependent on specifically PLCbeta3, which is necessary to activate PKCeta and PKD in that Golgi compartment, via diacylglycerol production. (PMID:17492941)
• PKCeta functions as an anti-apoptotic protein in Hodgkin’s lymphoma-derived cell lines (PMID:17786031)
• PRKCH mRNA was expressed at lower level in rheumatoid arthritis unrelated patients than in healthy controls, and is not a rheumatoid arthritis major susceptibility genetic factor in the French Caucasian population. (PMID:17957454)
• PRKCH gene polymorphisms have a role in subcortical silent brain infarction (PMID:18164711)
• Results establish PKCeta as a unique element in interferon signaling that plays a key and essential role in the generation of the regulatory effects of type I IFNs on normal and leukemic hematopoiesis. (PMID:19211565)
• nPKCeta positively regulates agonist-induced thromboxane generation with no effects on platelet aggregation. (PMID:19286657)
• The 1425G/A SNP in PRKCH increases the risk of both ischemic stroke and cerebral hemorrhage in the Chinese population. (PMID:19520989)
• Data show that PKCeta is an anti-apoptotic protein, acting as a negative regulator of JNK activity. (PMID:19523467)
• These results suggest that swiprosin-1 is a PKC-beta I/eta-inducible gene and it modulates mast cell activation through NF-kappaB-dependent pathway. (PMID:19693767)
• Translational regulation could provide an additional level for controlling the expression of PKC family members. (PMID:19797084)
• Reduced expression of PKCeta may represent a molecular lesion in the development of more aggressive disease of human hepatocellular carcinoma. (PMID:20001341)
• These findings suggest that inverse effects of PKCdelta and PKCeta on loricrin expression attributes to the expression of c-Jun and JunD. (PMID:20184865)
• Three different isotypes of protein kinase C, i.e. PKC-alpha, PKC-eta and PKC-theta, were found to be regulated and translocated in opposite directions upon apoptosis induction. (PMID:20486122)
• the AA genotype of PRKCH, relative to the G/G genotype, may be a higher risk genotype for severe gastric atrophy (PMID:20602195)
• Catalytic activity of protein kinase C eta (PKCeta) is not necessary for enlarged and flattened morphology of differentiated human keratinocytes, although it is important for gene expression of the marker proteins. (PMID:21346190)
• A remarkable association of minor alleles (1425G/A and _15) in the PRKCH gene with an elevated risk of coronary artery disease and increased levels of LDL-C in a Chinese population. (PMID:21625852)
• In the present study, a significant association between the PRKCH 1425G/A polymorphism and SSNHL risk was observed through a nested case-control analysis within the population-based study. (PMID:21756056)
• study suggests that PKCeta is involved in NF-kappaB signaling leading to drug resistance. (PMID:21820409)
• The present meta-analyses suggested that 1425G/A SNP in PRKCH was associated with ischemic stroke, particularly lacunar infarction, in Chinese and Japanese populations. (PMID:22044875)
• study demonstrates that type V collagen induces the down-regulation of protein kinase C eta (PMID:22213077)
• It was shown that the PKCeta isoform is a negative regulator of the AKT signaling pathway. The IGF-I induced phosphorylation on Ser473 of AKT was inhibited by the PKCeta-induced expression in MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cancer cells. (PMID:22305966)
• There was loss of the negative correlation in the expression levels of CD3eta and FcepsilonRIgamma genes in CLL patients. (PMID:22664044)
• The single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2230500) in PRKCH decreases the risk of carotid intima-media thickness. (PMID:22808203)
• these results suggest that the regulation of PKCeta is unique and PKCepsilon is required for the PKC activator-induced upregulation of PKCeta. (PMID:22892130)
• Protein kinase Ceta 1425G/A variant was not a risk locus for deep intracerebral hemorrhage phenotype. (PMID:22999931)
• Upregulation of PKCeta contributes to breast cancer cell growth and targeting either PKCepsilon or PDK1 triggers PKCeta downregulation (PMID:23562764)
• the PKC family genes may play a role in the pathogenesis of MS relapse through modulating the association between 25(OH)D and relapse. (PMID:23868949)
• The 1425G/A polymorphism in PRKCH is not a significant predictor of stroke recurrence in patients with acute ischemic stroke during a 2-year follow-up period. (PMID:24534126)
• These results suggest that siRNA-mediated silencing of PKCeta can be a potent tool to complement existing chemotherapy regimens for treating EBV(+) B lymphoma. (PMID:24784886)
• PKC-eta associates with NHE3 and gamma tubulin to promote the cell polarity during migration. (PMID:24788043)

Cross-species orthologs

11 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	prkcha	ENSDARG00000018382
danio_rerio	prkchb	ENSDARG00000043243
mus_musculus	Prkch	ENSMUSG00000021108
rattus_norvegicus	Prkch	ENSRNOG00000004873
drosophila_melanogaster	Pkc53E	FBGN0003091
drosophila_melanogaster	inaC	FBGN0004784
drosophila_melanogaster	Pkn	FBGN0020621
drosophila_melanogaster	Pkcdelta	FBGN0287828
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00004033
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00006599
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00009793

Paralogs (9): PKN2 (ENSG00000065243), PRKCZ (ENSG00000067606), PKN1 (ENSG00000123143), PRKCG (ENSG00000126583), PRKCA (ENSG00000154229), PKN3 (ENSG00000160447), PRKCI (ENSG00000163558), PRKCB (ENSG00000166501), PRKCE (ENSG00000171132)

Mouse-model phenotypes

Observed phenotypes of the mouse ortholog (MGI:97600) from MGI (Alliance of Genome Resources) — knockout/mutant phenotypes, ranked by annotation count. 33 distinct phenotype terms.

Mouse phenotype (MP)	Records
enlarged lymph nodes	1
epidermal hyperplasia	1
decreased body weight	1
impaired wound healing	1
thymus hypoplasia	1
increased skin papilloma incidence	1
abnormal lymph node morphology	1
abnormal cervical lymph node morphology	1
abnormal effector T cell morphology	1
delayed wound healing	1
abnormal eyelid aperture	1
increased lean body mass	1
increased incidence of tumors by chemical induction	1
increased B cell number	1
increased T cell number	1
decreased lymphocyte cell number	1
decreased B cell number	1
decreased T cell number	1
decreased double-positive T cell number	1
decreased T cell proliferation	1
abnormal brachial lymph node morphology	1
increased memory T cell number	1
increased CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell number	1
decreased CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell number	1
increased CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell number	1

+8 more (showing top 25).

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

Symbol	Type	Entrez
HIF1A-AS2	ncRNA	100750247
LINC01303	ncRNA	101927780
PRKCH-AS2	ncRNA	105370525
HIF1A-AS3	ncRNA	105370526
HIF1A	protein-coding	3091
LINC03033	ncRNA	400221
SNAPC1	protein-coding	6617
PRKCH-AS1	ncRNA	121233923
SLC38A6	protein-coding	145389
CDC50B	protein-coding	161291
MNAT1	protein-coding	4331
TRMT5	protein-coding	57570
HIF1A-AS1	ncRNA	100750246
SYT16	protein-coding	83851

Protein

Protein identifiers

PRKCH upstream open reading frame 2 — C0HM02 (reviewed: C0HM02, P24723)

Alternative names: Protein uPEP2

All UniProt accessions (13): G3V304, G3V3E7, G3V4G6, G3V4H0, G3V4L3, G3V4Q6, G3V4Q9, G3V4X4, G3V520, G3V5F8, G3V5U5, G3V5Y6, P24723

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Product of an upstream open reading frame (ORF) of PRKCH which regulates translation of the downstream protein kinase C eta (PKC-eta) ORF. Functions as a repressive element that maintains low basal levels of PKC-eta in growing cells but enhances its expression during stress conditions induced by amino acid starvation in a EIF2AK4/GCN2-dependent manner. In addition to its role in regulating PKC-eta translation, also inhibits the kinase activity of PKC-eta as well as other protein kinases including PRKCD, PRKCQ and PRKCE but not PRKCA, PRKCG or PRKCZ.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with protein kinase C eta as well as other protein kinases including PRKCD, PRKCQ and PRKCE but not with PRKCG or PRKCZ; the interactions lead to inhibition of kinase activity.

Miscellaneous. Suppresses proliferation and migration of cancer cells.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_006246* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR054137	PRKCH_uORF2	Family
IPR000008	C2_dom	Domain
IPR000719	Prot_kinase_dom	Domain
IPR000961	AGC-kinase_C	Domain
IPR002219	PKC_DAG/PE	Domain
IPR008271	Ser/Thr_kinase_AS	Active_site
IPR011009	Kinase-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR014376	Prot_kin_PKC_delta	Family
IPR017441	Protein_kinase_ATP_BS	Binding_site
IPR017892	Pkinase_C	Domain
IPR020454	DAG/PE-bd	Domain
IPR027431	PKC_eta	Family
IPR034665	nPKC_eta	Domain
IPR035892	C2_domain_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR046349	C1-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00069, PF00130, PF00168, PF00433, PF21952

Enzyme classification (BRENDA)

• EC 2.7.11.13 — protein kinase C (BRENDA: 25 organisms, 203 substrates, 258 inhibitors, 20 Km, 1 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

4 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 4. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
FKKQGSFAKKK	0.0166–0.0599	10
ATP	0.0001–0.0828	4
N6-PHENYL-ATP	0.0124	1
S6-(229-239) PEPTIDE	0.0036	1

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea)

• L-seryl-[protein] + ATP = O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein] + ADP + H(+) (RHEA:17989)
• L-threonyl-[protein] + ATP = O-phospho-L-threonyl-[protein] + ADP + H(+) (RHEA:46608)

UniProt features (82 total): helix 24, strand 19, sequence variant 10, modified residue 6, sequence conflict 5, turn 5, domain 3, chain 2, zinc finger region 2, binding site 2, mutagenesis site 1, splice variant 1, region of interest 1, active site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

4 structures by resolution:

PDB	Title	Method	Resolution (Å)
2FK9	Human protein kinase C, eta	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.75
8FP1	PKCeta kinase domain in complex with compound 2	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.85
3TXO	PKC eta kinase in complex with a naphthyridine	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.05
8FP3	PKCeta kinase domain in complex with compound 11	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-C0HM02-F1	67.75	0.00
AF-P24723-F1	81.85	0.48

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Enzymes, ENZYME proteins, Transferases, Kinases, AGC Ser/Thr protein kinases, Predicted intracellular proteins, Cancer-related genes, Candidate cancer biomarkers, Disease related genes, Potential drug targets

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Subcellular location (HPA, imaging): cytosol; plasma membrane

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH approved · IF approved

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (1) — C0HM02 (canonical)

Position	Phenotype
6	abolishes kinase inhibitor activity and converts peptide to a substrate for prkch and prkce but not for prkca.

Catalytic / active sites (1) — P24723

Position	Role
479	proton acceptor

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (2) — P24723

Position	Role
361–369	ATP
384	ATP

Post-translational modifications (6) — P24723

Type	Positions
Phosphoserine	28, 32, 317, 675
Phosphothreonine	513, 656

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 curated (TAS) of 8; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

8 pathways:

ID	Pathway	Evidence
R-HSA-114508	Effects of PIP2 hydrolysis	curated
R-HSA-416476	G alpha (q) signalling events	—
R-HSA-418597	G alpha (z) signalling events	electronic
R-HSA-388396	GPCR downstream signalling	—
R-HSA-109582	Hemostasis	—
R-HSA-76002	Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation	—
R-HSA-162582	Signal Transduction	—
R-HSA-372790	Signaling by GPCR	—

MSigDB gene sets: 475 (showing top): GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_EPITHELIAL_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_B_CELL_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_ANTIGEN_RECEPTOR_MEDIATED_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, FREAC2_01, BENPORATH_ES_WITH_H3K27ME3, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_TRANSLATION_IN_RESPONSE_TO_STRESS, YAGI_AML_WITH_INV_16_TRANSLOCATION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_KERATINOCYTE_DIFFERENTIATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_EPIDERMIS_DEVELOPMENT, PEREZ_TP63_TARGETS, REACTOME_PLATELET_ACTIVATION_SIGNALING_AND_AGGREGATION, REACTOME_G_ALPHA_Z_SIGNALLING_EVENTS, SP3_Q3, MODULE_64

GO Biological Process (15): negative regulation of translation (GO:0017148), positive regulation of translation in response to stress (GO:0032056), cellular response to amino acid starvation (GO:0034198), protein phosphorylation (GO:0006468), signal transduction (GO:0007165), positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation (GO:0010744), cell differentiation (GO:0030154), negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process (GO:0034351), intracellular signal transduction (GO:0035556), positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation (GO:0045618), positive regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway (GO:0050861), positive regulation of glial cell proliferation (GO:0060252), phospholipase C/protein kinase C signal transduction (GO:0141212), positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane (GO:1903078), regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly (GO:2000810)

GO Molecular Function (17): protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity (GO:0030291), translation regulator activity (GO:0045182), protein serine/threonine kinase binding (GO:0120283), protein kinase activity (GO:0004672), protein serine/threonine kinase activity (GO:0004674), diacylglycerol-dependent serine/threonine kinase activity (GO:0004697), diacylglycerol-dependent, calcium-independent serine/threonine kinase activity (GO:0004699), ATP binding (GO:0005524), zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), enzyme binding (GO:0019899), small GTPase binding (GO:0031267), protein serine kinase activity (GO:0106310), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), protein binding (GO:0005515), kinase activity (GO:0016301), transferase activity (GO:0016740), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (6): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), cell-cell junction (GO:0005911), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), sarcolemma (GO:0042383)

Reactome top-level categories

6 top-level categories:

Category	Pathways
GPCR downstream signalling	2
G alpha (q) signalling events	1
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation	1
Signal Transduction	1
Signaling by GPCR	1
Hemostasis	1

GO top-level categories

showing 60 of 71 GO namespaces:

Category	Terms
translation	2
regulation of translation	2
intracellular anatomical structure	2
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	2
protein kinase activity	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
negative regulation of gene expression	1
negative regulation of protein metabolic process	1
cellular response to stress	1
regulation of translation in response to stress	1
positive regulation of translation	1
cellular response to starvation	1
response to amino acid starvation	1
phosphorylation	1
protein modification process	1
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	1
regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	1
positive regulation of cell differentiation	1
cellular developmental process	1
glial cell apoptotic process	1
regulation of glial cell apoptotic process	1
negative regulation of apoptotic process	1
signal transduction	1
keratinocyte differentiation	1
positive regulation of epidermal cell differentiation	1
regulation of keratinocyte differentiation	1
positive regulation of multicellular organismal process	1
B cell receptor signaling pathway	1
regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway	1
positive regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway	1
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	1
glial cell proliferation	1
positive regulation of gliogenesis	1
regulation of glial cell proliferation	1
intracellular signaling cassette	1
protein localization to plasma membrane	1
regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane	1
positive regulation of protein localization to cell periphery	1
positive regulation of protein localization to membrane	1
bicellular tight junction assembly	1
regulation of cell junction assembly	1
protein kinase inhibitor activity	1
molecular_function	1
protein kinase binding	1
kinase activity	1
phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor	1
catalytic activity, acting on a protein	1
diacylglycerol-dependent serine/threonine kinase activity	1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding	1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding	1
anion binding	1
transition metal ion binding	1
protein binding	1
GTPase binding	1
nucleoside phosphate binding	1

Experimentally-supported GO annotations

GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 16 of 38 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA).

16 experimentally-supported GO terms:

GO term	NS	Evidence
cellular response to amino acid starvation	BP	direct assay
negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process	BP	mutant phenotype
negative regulation of translation	BP	direct assay
positive regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway	BP	mutant phenotype
positive regulation of glial cell proliferation	BP	mutant phenotype
positive regulation of translation in response to stress	BP	direct assay
protein phosphorylation	BP	mutant phenotype
regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly	BP	mutant phenotype
cytoplasm	CC	direct assay
extracellular exosome	CC	high-throughput assay
plasma membrane	CC	direct assay
enzyme binding	MF	physical interaction
protein kinase activity	MF	direct assay
protein serine/threonine kinase binding	MF	physical interaction
protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity	MF	direct assay
translation regulator activity	MF	direct assay

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for PRKCH: 156 ClinVar records (0 pathogenic / likely pathogenic); 11 GWAS associations.

ClinVar

156 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	137
Likely benign	2
Benign	1

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 35 predictions of 1,347):

Position(s)	Effect	Δscore	Sites
14:61391223–61391224	acceptor_loss	1.0000	5
14:61391289–61391290	donor_loss	1.0000	5
14:61443103–61443104	acceptor_gain	1.0000	2
14:61443108	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:61443109–61443110	acceptor_loss	1.0000	5
14:61443262–61443263	donor_loss	1.0000	5
14:61453224–61453225	acceptor_loss	1.0000	5
14:61457306	donor_gain	1.0000
14:61457320–61457321	donor_loss	1.0000	5
14:61457498	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

2,459 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 4,553 scored), across 482 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

Residue	Likely-pathogenic substitutions	Mean am_pathogenicity	Max am_pathogenicity
M500	9	0.992	1.000
M442	9	0.990	1.000
M547	9	0.976	1.000
M433	9	0.973	0.999
M175	9	0.892	0.984
D479	8	1.000	1.000
D483	8	1.000	1.000
D497	8	1.000	1.000
H172	8	0.999	1.000
D440	8	0.999	1.000
N484	8	0.999	1.000
D536	8	0.999	1.000
H211	8	0.998	0.999
H284	8	0.998	1.000
D396	8	0.998	1.000
F514	8	0.997	1.000
D519	8	0.997	0.999
H246	8	0.996	1.000
F366	8	0.996	1.000
F648	8	0.996	1.000

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Low cancer specificity

Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival.

1 prognostic cancer types:

Cancer	Prognostic	p-value
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)	favorable	1.11e-06

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:605437 | disease phenotypes:

GWAS associations

11 associations:

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001957_4	Obesity (early onset extreme)	3e-10
GCST005011_2	Yeast infection	3e-10
GCST002318_62	Rheumatoid arthritis	2e-9
GCST002318_63	Rheumatoid arthritis	4e-9
GCST010043_27	Asthma	2e-8
GCST006959_181	Rheumatoid arthritis	1e-7
GCST006959_9	Rheumatoid arthritis	1e-7
GCST001454_12	Rheumatoid arthritis	4e-7
GCST002060_5	Word reading	3e-6
GCST002062_5	Reading and spelling	6e-6
GCST008163_590	Height	9e-6

EFO canonical traits (from GWAS)

3 canonical traits:

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0005300	word reading
EFO:0005301	reading and spelling ability
EFO:0008412	susceptibility to vaginal yeast infection measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

66 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression	8
bisphenol A	affects cotreatment, increases methylation, decreases expression, decreases methylation	3
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, increases expression	3
mercuric bromide	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
entinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
bisphenol S	affects cotreatment, decreases methylation, increases expression	2
Vorinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Panobinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Tunicamycin	decreases expression	2
Thapsigargin	decreases expression	2
p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
FR900359	affects phosphorylation	1
mivebresib	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
propionaldehyde	increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	increases abundance, increases expression	1
cobaltous chloride	decreases expression	1
benzo(e)pyrene	decreases methylation	1
potassium chromate(VI)	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
aflatoxin B2	decreases methylation	1
coumarin	decreases phosphorylation	1
1-nitropyrene	increases expression	1
epigallocatechin gallate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
CGP 52608	increases reaction, affects binding	1
2-palmitoylglycerol	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
beta-hydroxy simvastatin acid	decreases expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

showing 60 of 300 trials:

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00077805	Phase 4	COMPLETED	PREVAIL: PREvention of VTE After Acute Ischemic Stroke With LMWH Enoxaparin ( - VTE: Venous Thromboembolism - LMWH: Low Molecular Weight Heparin)
NCT00328640	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Quality Improvement in Stroke Prevention (QUISP)
NCT00697151	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Patent Foramen Ovale in Cryptogenic Stroke Study
NCT00747279	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Comparison of Two Strategies for Glycemic Control in Acute Ischemic Stroke
NCT00754429	Phase 4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Losartan Versus Amlodipine-based Therapy in Ischemic Stroke (0954-338)(COMPLETED)
NCT00868283	Phase 4	COMPLETED	The Safety and Efficacy of Cerebrolysin in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
NCT00874601	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Valsartan Efficacy on Modest Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Ischemic Stroke
NCT00931788	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Preventing Recurrent Vascular Events in Patients With Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
NCT00966316	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Establishment and Evaluation to the Effects of a Clinical Pathway for Acute Ischemic Stroke
NCT01088672	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Thrombectomy REvascularization of Large Vessel Occlusions in Acute Ischemic Stroke (TREVO)
NCT01097967	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Sleep Disordered Breathing in Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)/Ischemic Stroke and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Treatment Efficacy
NCT01109836	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Austrian Polyintervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Decline After Ischemic Stroke
NCT01188824	Phase 4	COMPLETED	The Safety and Efficacy of Cilostazol in Ischemic Stroke Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease (SPAD Study)
NCT01429350	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Assess the Penumbra System in the Treatment of Acute Stroke
NCT01463878	Phase 4	TERMINATED	Enteral Nutrition and Glycemic Variability Neurological Intensive Care Unit Study
NCT01758536	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Efficacy Study of Huatuo Zaizao Pills in Improving of Neural Function in Acute Ischemic Stroke
NCT01762163	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Qizhitongluo Capsule in the Recovery Phase of Ischemic Stroke
NCT01862978	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Safety and Efficacy of Heparin and Nadroparin in the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke
NCT01863277	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Safety Study of Melatonin in Stroke Patients
NCT01919671	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Tongxinluo Capsule in Ischemic Stroke Patients（TISS)
NCT01958957	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Safety Study of Ginkgolides Meglumine Injection in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke.
NCT02046031	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Preliminary Study of Pharmacokinetics of Ginkgolides Meglumine Injection.
NCT02122718	Phase 4	COMPLETED	XILO-FIST, the Effect of Allopurinol on the Brain Heart and Blood Pressure After Stroke
NCT02225834	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Atorvastatin in Acute Stroke Treatment
NCT02334969	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Curative Efficacy of Secondary Prevention for Patients With Ischemic Stroke Through Syndrome Differentiation of TCM
NCT02403349	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Comparison of Peripheral and Cerebral Arterial Flow in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Fimasartan vs. Valsartan vs. Atenolol
NCT02549846	Phase 4	COMPLETED	AdminiStration of Statin On Acute Ischemic stRoke patienT Trial
NCT02581371	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Comprehensive Reparative Therapy in Ischemic Stroke COMplex Repair in Ischemic Stroke-Arm
NCT02728180	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Xingnaojing for Moderate-to-severe Acute Ischemic Stroke (XMAS)
NCT02983214	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Diabetic Artery Obstruction: is it Possible to Reduce Ischemic Events With Cilostazol?
NCT03062319	Phase 4	TERMINATED	Optimal Antithrombotic Therapy in Ischemic Stroke Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation and Atherothrombosis
NCT03116269	Phase 4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Cilostazol Compared to Aspirin on Endothelial Function in Acute Cerebral Ischemia Patients
NCT03385538	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Clopidogrel Response and CYP2C19 Genotype in Ischemic Stroke Patients
NCT03413202	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Butylphthalide on Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke.
NCT03431909	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Evaluation Of HUK in Acute Stroke Patients: MRS and CTP
NCT03494530	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Lixiana Acute Stroke Evaluation Registry
NCT03529149	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	TCD Monitoring Technology Guides the Precise Control of Blood Pressure After EVT
NCT03686163	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Effects of Intranasal Nerve Growth Factor for Acute Ischemic Stroke
NCT03871517	Phase 4	COMPLETED	INdobufen Versus aSpirin in acUte Ischemic stRokE,INSURE
NCT04150835	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Xingnaojing for Mild-to-severe Acute Ischemic Stroke
NCT04199455	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Evidence-based Evaluation of TCM Key Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
NCT04205305	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Outcome in Patients Treated with Intraarterial Thrombectomy - OptiMAL Blood Pressure Control (OPTIMAL-BP)
NCT04386525	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Omega 3 and Ischemic Stroke; Fish Oil as an Option
NCT04415164	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Evaluation of Xueshuantong in Patients With AcutE IschemiC STroke
NCT04504864	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Low-dose Aspirin Therapy in Patients With Ischemic Stroke and Microbleeds
NCT04573777	Phase 4	TERMINATED	Reducing Intracranial atheroSclErosis With Repatha
NCT04892511	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Hemodynamic Optimization of Cerebral Perfusion After Endovascular Therapy in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
NCT04910256	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Clinical Study on Huatuo Zaizao Pills for Post-stroke Treatment
NCT04916197	Phase 4	RECRUITING	Effect of Postoperative Prolonged Sedation With Dexmedetomidine After Successful Reperfusion With EVT on Long-term Prognosis in Patients With AIS (PPDET)
NCT04950790	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Study on the Effectiveness and Safety of Shuxinin Injection in the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke
NCT05155540	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Direct Mechanical Thrombectomy Versus Bridging Therapy
NCT05193071	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Early Antiplatelet for Minor Stroke Following Thrombolysis (EAST)
NCT05225961	Phase 4	COMPLETED	ATILA Project: Aspirin Versus Tirofiban in Endovascular Treatment for Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Due to Tandem Lesion
NCT05231694	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	The Impact of Electroacupuncture Combined With NGF on Clinical Effect and Functional Changes on Ischemic Stroke
NCT05426304	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Prophylactic Effects of Agomelatine for Poststroke Depression
NCT05445895	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Renexin CR in Patients With Acute Non-cardioembolic Ischemic Stroke
NCT05589454	Phase 4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Intracranial Hemorrhage Risk of Intensive Statin in Acute Ischemic Stroke With Cerebral Microbleeds
NCT05752916	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Intravenous Thrombolysis With rhTNK-tPA for Acute Non-large Vessel Occlusion in Extended Time Window
NCT05910125	Phase 4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Aspirin Combined With Clopidogrel Versus Intravenous Alteplase for Acute Minor Stroke
NCT05912686	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	High-Dose Atorvastatin for Vascular Wall Protection in Thrombectomy Patients

Predicted chemistry — Sugi Predict

The predicted patent-compound landscape for PRKCH across ~30M SureChEMBL compounds — explore on Sugi Predict.