PRR15

Summary

PRR15 (proline rich 15, HGNC:22310) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 7p14.3, encoding Proline-rich protein 15 (Q8IV56). May have a role in proliferation and/or differentiation.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 5
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 26 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_175887

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:22310
Approved symbol	PRR15
Name	proline rich 15
Location	7p14.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000176532
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	618344
Entrez	222171

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 18 — 18 protein_coding

ENST00000319694, ENST00000450427, ENST00000878802, ENST00000878803, ENST00000878804, ENST00000878805, ENST00000878806, ENST00000878807, ENST00000878808, ENST00000878809, ENST00000878810, ENST00000878811, ENST00000878812, ENST00000878813, ENST00000878814, ENST00000937362, ENST00000937363, ENST00000967042

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_175887 NM_001329996, NM_001329997, NM_175887

CCDS: CCDS5421

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000319694 — 2 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001279696	29563835	29564377
ENSE00001279703	29566185	29567293

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 180 present calls, max score 98.50.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 5.8126 / max 292.8615, expressed in 599 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (6 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
77914	2.2747	433
77915	2.0748	372
77913	0.8934	372
77917	0.2462	138
77916	0.2445	133
77918	0.0790	41

Top tissues by expression

242 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	98.50	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	98.33	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	98.23	gold quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	97.60	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	97.05	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	96.51	gold quality
colonic mucosa	UBERON:0000317	96.26	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	96.09	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	96.03	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	95.65	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	95.51	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	95.33	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	94.44	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	92.70	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	92.43	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	91.50	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	90.68	silver quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	88.71	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	88.54	gold quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	86.79	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	86.23	silver quality
trachea	UBERON:0003126	86.21	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	86.20	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	86.14	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	85.80	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	85.53	gold quality
caput epididymis	UBERON:0004358	84.93	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	84.89	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	84.80	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	84.29	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 4 experiment(s), a significant marker in 4.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-8410	yes	241.33
E-MTAB-10287	yes	48.43
E-GEOD-125970	yes	15.02
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

48 targeting PRR15, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-302C-5P	99.97	72.56	3642
HSA-MIR-3143	99.93	71.96	3104
HSA-MIR-106A-5P	99.90	73.94	2683
HSA-MIR-4493	99.90	66.48	977
HSA-MIR-17-5P	99.89	73.83	2665
HSA-MIR-9902	99.89	69.15	2250
HSA-MIR-106B-5P	99.88	74.72	2795
HSA-MIR-20A-5P	99.88	74.76	2769
HSA-MIR-20B-5P	99.88	74.01	2621
HSA-MIR-519D-3P	99.88	73.97	2607
HSA-MIR-526B-3P	99.88	74.06	2587
HSA-MIR-93-5P	99.88	73.98	2606
HSA-MIR-605-3P	99.88	69.22	1833
HSA-MIR-579-3P	99.86	71.66	3628
HSA-MIR-664B-3P	99.84	71.65	3590
HSA-MIR-3180-5P	99.82	69.12	2422
HSA-MIR-148A-3P	99.74	73.77	1700
HSA-MIR-148B-3P	99.74	73.75	1700
HSA-MIR-152-3P	99.74	73.75	1703
HSA-MIR-7154-5P	99.69	70.52	1900
HSA-MIR-519A-3P	99.67	71.67	1868
HSA-MIR-519B-3P	99.67	71.67	1868
HSA-MIR-519C-3P	99.67	71.67	1870
HSA-MIR-5700	99.64	69.88	2280
HSA-MIR-6126	99.62	68.09	996
HSA-MIR-4328	99.57	71.06	4094
HSA-MIR-3609	99.52	69.89	2587
HSA-MIR-548AH-5P	99.52	69.73	2626
HSA-MIR-582-5P	99.47	70.79	2635
HSA-MIR-5009-3P	99.45	69.43	1341

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 3)

• Proline-rich 15 is required for conceptus elongation and survival during early ovine pregnancy. (PMID:19605793)
• enhances trophoblast viability and survival during early implantation and placentation (PMID:28380025)
• PRR15 deficiency facilitates malignant progression by mediating PI3K/Akt signaling and predicts clinical prognosis in triple-negative rather than non-triple-negative breast cancer. (PMID:37072408)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	prr15lb	ENSDARG00000029308
mus_musculus	Prr15	ENSMUSG00000045725
rattus_norvegicus	Prr15	ENSRNOG00000009564

Paralogs (1): PRR15L (ENSG00000167183)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Proline-rich protein 15 — Q8IV56 (reviewed: Q8IV56)

All UniProt accessions (3): A4D1A1, C9JQ22, Q8IV56

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May have a role in proliferation and/or differentiation.

Similarity. Belongs to the PRR15 family.

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001316925, NP_001316926, NP_787083* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR028237	PRR15	Family

Pfam: PF15321

UniProt features (5 total): compositionally biased region 2, chain 1, region of interest 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8IV56-F1	61.28	0.02

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 144 (showing top): RNGTGGGC_UNKNOWN, TGCACTT_MIR519C_MIR519B_MIR519A, AREB6_03, SENGUPTA_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_DN, SCHAEFFER_PROSTATE_DEVELOPMENT_48HR_UP, TANAKA_METHYLATED_IN_ESOPHAGEAL_CARCINOMA, AACTTT_UNKNOWN, TGGNNNNNNKCCAR_UNKNOWN, CUI_TCF21_TARGETS_2_DN, ZHAN_MULTIPLE_MYELOMA_CD1_AND_CD2_DN, CHARAFE_BREAST_CANCER_LUMINAL_VS_MESENCHYMAL_UP, NUYTTEN_NIPP1_TARGETS_DN, GCACTTT_MIR175P_MIR20A_MIR106A_MIR106B_MIR20B_MIR519D, DODD_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_DN, MEISSNER_NPC_HCP_WITH_H3_UNMETHYLATED

GO Biological Process (0):

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (0):

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
binding	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

422 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
PRR15	DAPK1	P53355	567
PRR15	PRR15L	Q9BU68	506
PRR15	ZNF888	P0CJ79	506
PRR15	C7orf57	Q8NEG2	433
PRR15	PARD6B	Q9BYG5	433
PRR15	CARNS1	A5YM72	432
PRR15	IGSF9	Q9P2J2	409
PRR15	COPB2	P35606	402
PRR15	UXS1	Q8NBZ7	398
PRR15	COBL	O75128	395
PRR15	BICDL1	Q6ZP65	386
PRR15	ANXA9	O76027	377
PRR15	UPK1B	O75841	376
PRR15	PLLP	Q9Y342	372
PRR15	PMS2P11	Q13670	359
PRR15	ZNF770	Q6IQ21	359

IntAct

18 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
DMWD	PRR15	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PRR15		psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PRR15	PMP22	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PRR15	SPRED1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
	PRR15	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
LLPH	RRP8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PRR15	TNNC2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SLC51B	ODR4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
	EBAG9	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (8): KLHL26 (Affinity Capture-MS), PAGE5 (Affinity Capture-MS), PRR15 (Affinity Capture-MS), PRR15 (Affinity Capture-MS), TNNC2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PRR15 (Affinity Capture-MS), APP (Reconstituted Complex), PRR15 (Biochemical Activity)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0U1RR37, A1L170, A1L1I3, A1L260, A2AMM0, A4IFJ0, B5G1P1, D3ZQL6, E7F5E1, G5BQH4, O08919, O54724, O60237, O75420, P06759, P33622, P53814, P85125, Q2KI85, Q2TAL5, Q3T044, Q3UMT1, Q4RTJ5, Q4V882, Q5I1X5, Q5U2R6, Q63312, Q6NZI2, Q75AS0, Q80VC9, Q8BG95, Q8BGT6, Q8C0J6, Q8CI12, Q8IV56, Q8K382, Q8N3F8, Q8TEH3, Q8WUF5, Q91VJ2

Diamond homologs: Q3T183, Q566Z6, Q6DBU1, Q8IV56, Q8JZM2, Q9BU68, Q9D1T5

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

26 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	25
Likely benign	1
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

552 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
7:29565051:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
7:29566183:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:29566184:G:GT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:29566184:GCAC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:29566184:GCACA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:29565054:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9900
7:29565117:A:T	donor_gain	0.9900
7:29565128:G:GT	donor_gain	0.9900
7:29565149:GCACC:G	donor_gain	0.9900
7:29565153:C:CG	donor_gain	0.9900
7:29565153:C:G	donor_gain	0.9900
7:29566179:CCCCA:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
7:29566180:CCCAG:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
7:29566181:CCA:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
7:29566182:CA:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
7:29566183:AGCA:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
7:29566184:G:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
7:29566184:GC:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
7:29566184:GCA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
7:29564375:CAG:C	donor_loss	0.9800
7:29564376:AGGTG:A	donor_loss	0.9800
7:29564377:GGTGA:G	donor_loss	0.9800
7:29564378:G:GA	donor_loss	0.9800
7:29564379:T:G	donor_loss	0.9800
7:29565091:GGC:G	donor_gain	0.9800
7:29565116:GAAA:G	donor_gain	0.9800
7:29565120:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9800
7:29566186:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9800
7:29566186:ACAG:A	acceptor_gain	0.9800
7:29566187:C:G	acceptor_gain	0.9800

AlphaMissense

841 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
7:29566618:T:C	F97L	0.999
7:29566619:T:C	F97S	0.999
7:29566620:T:A	F97L	0.999
7:29566620:T:G	F97L	0.999
7:29566623:G:C	K98N	0.999
7:29566623:G:T	K98N	0.999
7:29566588:C:A	R87S	0.997
7:29566619:T:G	F97C	0.997
7:29566595:T:C	L89S	0.996
7:29566613:G:A	G95D	0.996
7:29566615:C:A	R96S	0.996
7:29566601:T:C	I91T	0.994
7:29566621:A:G	K98E	0.994
7:29566601:T:G	I91S	0.993
7:29566618:T:G	F97V	0.993
7:29566603:T:C	S92P	0.991
7:29566369:T:A	W14R	0.990
7:29566369:T:C	W14R	0.990
7:29566616:G:C	R96P	0.990
7:29566618:T:A	F97I	0.990
7:29566610:C:T	S94F	0.989
7:29566371:G:C	W14C	0.988
7:29566371:G:T	W14C	0.988
7:29566601:T:A	I91N	0.988
7:29566612:G:C	G95R	0.988
7:29566632:G:C	R101S	0.988
7:29566632:G:T	R101S	0.988
7:29566609:T:C	S94P	0.987
7:29566622:A:T	K98M	0.987
7:29566615:C:G	R96G	0.986

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000070480 (7:29564335 C>G,T), RS1000421802 (7:29564128 G>C), RS1000467405 (7:29565800 T>G), RS1000797424 (7:29565571 A>G), RS1001023868 (7:29565356 T>A,C), RS1001476067 (7:29565636 G>A,T), RS1001863322 (7:29564974 A>AG), RS1002751378 (7:29562002 T>C), RS1002879858 (7:29567658 A>T), RS1002994646 (7:29562837 G>A), RS1003108860 (7:29562160 C>G), RS1003586528 (7:29564060 C>T), RS1003701080 (7:29563365 A>G), RS1003940967 (7:29563761 T>C), RS1004099209 (7:29562196 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:618344 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

5 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST004727_2	Facial emotion recognition	3.000000e-06
GCST004728_1	Facial emotion recognition (angry faces)	4.000000e-06
GCST004730_3	Facial emotion recognition (sad faces)	4.000000e-06
GCST008062_120	Blood urea nitrogen levels	2.000000e-08
GCST008748_5	Epigenetic age acceleration in alcohol use disorder	2.000000e-07

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0008329	facial emotion recognition measurement
EFO:0000473	epigenetic status
EFO:0022597	aging

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

34 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression	6
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, increases abundance	4
entinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Panobinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	2
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression	2
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	increases expression	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression, decreases methylation	2
bisphenol A	decreases expression	1
beta-lapachone	decreases expression	1
manganese chloride	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
belinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
jinfukang	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	1
Arsenic	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases methylation	1
Cisplatin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Coumestrol	decreases expression	1
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene	decreases expression	1
Manganese	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Naled	affects expression	1
Progesterone	increases expression	1
Quercetin	decreases expression	1
Smoke	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	increases expression	1
Thiram	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.