PRR5

Summary

PRR5 (proline rich 5, HGNC:31682) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 22q13.31, encoding Proline-rich protein 5 (P85299). Associated subunit of mTORC2, which regulates cell growth and survival in response to hormonal signals. mTORC2 is activated by growth factors, but, in contrast to mTORC1, seems to be nutrient-insensitive. mTORC2 seems to function upstream of Rho GTPases to regulate the actin cyt….

This gene encodes a protein with a proline-rich domain. This gene is located in a region of chromosome 22 reported to contain a tumor suppressor gene that may be involved in breast and colorectal tumorigenesis. The protein is a component of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), and it regulates platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor beta expression and PDGF signaling to Akt and S6K1. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative promoters results in transcripts encoding different isoforms. Read-through transcripts from this gene into the downstream Rho GTPase activating protein 8 (ARHGAP8) gene also exist, which led to the original description of PRR5 and ARHGAP8 being a single gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 55615 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 80 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_181333

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:31682
Approved symbol	PRR5
Name	proline rich 5
Location	22q13.31
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	PP610, FLJ20185k, Protor-1., PROTOR1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000186654
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	609406
Entrez	55615

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 16 — 8 protein_coding, 4 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 2 retained_intron

ENST00000006251, ENST00000336985, ENST00000403581, ENST00000403696, ENST00000431834, ENST00000432186, ENST00000432916, ENST00000455389, ENST00000457960, ENST00000459857, ENST00000475850, ENST00000477331, ENST00000492289, ENST00000492475, ENST00000495017, ENST00000617066

RefSeq mRNA: 6 — MANE Select: NM_181333 NM_001017528, NM_001017529, NM_001017530, NM_001198721, NM_015366, NM_181333

CCDS: CCDS14058, CCDS14059, CCDS56232, CCDS74875

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000336985 — 8 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001591501	44702204	44702608
ENSE00003465556	44726577	44726634
ENSE00003551706	44736772	44737681
ENSE00003568825	44725244	44725292
ENSE00003614159	44714591	44714671
ENSE00003642381	44731730	44731821
ENSE00003658491	44732251	44732391
ENSE00003692865	44735027	44735162

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 240 present calls, max score 93.44.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 4.9542 / max 162.4310, expressed in 847 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (11 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
192690	5.4994	1369
192681	1.5677	632
192687	1.2263	183
192685	0.5736	116
192686	0.5070	133
192679	0.4583	251
192684	0.1604	36
192680	0.1464	65
192688	0.1269	67
192683	0.1113	37

Top tissues by expression

283 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	93.44	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	92.93	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	92.75	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	92.44	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	91.55	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	90.85	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	90.67	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	89.43	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	88.35	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	88.06	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	87.98	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	87.74	gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal region	UBERON:0007808	87.64	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	87.59	gold quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	87.50	gold quality
tibia	UBERON:0000979	87.19	gold quality
adipose tissue	UBERON:0001013	87.12	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	86.90	gold quality
connective tissue	UBERON:0002384	86.55	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	86.32	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	86.20	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	86.11	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	86.11	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	85.58	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	84.95	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	84.93	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	84.91	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	84.72	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	84.69	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	84.47	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	6.29
E-GEOD-124858	no	11.50

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

20 targeting PRR5, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-548AJ-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-548X-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-548J-3P	99.94	72.61	4881
HSA-MIR-6721-5P	99.93	68.92	2981
HSA-MIR-548AE-3P	99.93	72.66	4867
HSA-MIR-548AH-3P	99.93	72.54	4872
HSA-MIR-548AM-3P	99.93	72.54	4872
HSA-MIR-548AQ-3P	99.93	72.66	4867
HSA-MIR-4492	99.87	68.25	3611
HSA-MIR-765	99.84	68.24	2442
HSA-MIR-11181-3P	99.75	66.38	2205
HSA-MIR-545-5P	99.66	70.18	2308
HSA-MIR-3922-5P	98.77	66.53	1059
HSA-MIR-3135B	98.61	65.33	1470
HSA-MIR-3138	98.41	67.53	744
HSA-MIR-134-3P	96.83	66.22	1001
HSA-MIR-563	96.26	66.13	450
HSA-MIR-380-5P	95.68	67.32	512
HSA-MIR-6877-5P	93.84	61.41	74
HSA-MIR-6089	89.72	61.35	324

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

• mRNA expression analyses revealed PRR5 overexpression in a majority of colorectal tumors but substantial downregulation of PRR5 expression in a subset of breast tumors and reduced expression in two breast cancer cell lines (PMID:15718101)
• It was demonstrated that immunoprecipitation of Protor-1 or Protor-2 results in the co-immunoprecipitation of other mTORC2 subunits, but not Raptor, a specific component of mTORC1. (PMID:17461779)
• The inhibition of Akt and S6K1 phosphorylation by PRR5 knock down correlates with reduction in the expression level of platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRbeta). (PMID:17599906)
• Fusion protein PRR5-ARHGAP8 plays a role in bipolar disorder with binge eating behavior. (PMID:29391396)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	prr5a	ENSDARG00000075977
danio_rerio	prr5b	ENSDARG00000115971
mus_musculus	Prr5	ENSMUSG00000036106
rattus_norvegicus	Prr5	ENSRNOG00000076724

Paralogs (1): PRR5L (ENSG00000135362)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Proline-rich protein 5 — P85299 (reviewed: P85299)

Alternative names: Protein observed with Rictor-1

All UniProt accessions (7): A8K699, B1AHG3, B1AHG4, P85299, E9PH80, F8WEZ7, G3V0G2

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Associated subunit of mTORC2, which regulates cell growth and survival in response to hormonal signals. mTORC2 is activated by growth factors, but, in contrast to mTORC1, seems to be nutrient-insensitive. mTORC2 seems to function upstream of Rho GTPases to regulate the actin cytoskeleton, probably by activating one or more Rho-type guanine nucleotide exchange factors. PRR5 plays an important role in regulation of PDGFRB expression and in modulation of platelet-derived growth factor signaling. May act as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer.

Subunit / interactions. Associated component of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2). Binds directly to MTOR and RICTOR within the TORC2 complex.

Tissue specificity. Most abundant in kidney and liver. Also highly expressed in brain, spleen, testis and placenta. Overexpressed in several colorectal tumors.

Similarity. Belongs to the PROTOR family.

Isoforms (5)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P85299-1	1, alpha	yes
P85299-2	2
P85299-3	3, beta
P85299-4	4, gamma
P85299-5	5

RefSeq proteins (6): NP_001017528, NP_001017529, NP_001017530, NP_001185650, NP_056181, NP_851850* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR013745	Bit61/PRR5	Family
IPR016159	Cullin_repeat-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF08539

UniProt features (15 total): splice variant 5, region of interest 4, compositionally biased region 2, chain 1, sequence variant 1, sequence conflict 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P85299-F1	69.59	0.38

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 252

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

7 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1257604	PIP3 activates AKT signaling
R-HSA-389357	CD28 dependent PI3K/Akt signaling
R-HSA-5218920	VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability
R-HSA-5674400	Constitutive Signaling by AKT1 E17K in Cancer
R-HSA-6804757	Regulation of TP53 Degradation
R-HSA-9856530	High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells
R-HSA-9920951	Dengue virus modulates apoptosis

MSigDB gene sets: 170 (showing top): REACTOME_ADAPTIVE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOBP_GROWTH, REACTOME_CO_STIMULATION_BY_CD28, PID_MTOR_4PATHWAY, KOYAMA_SEMA3B_TARGETS_UP, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_GROWTH, GOBP_PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL_3_KINASE_PROTEIN_KINASE_B_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, REACTOME_CD28_DEPENDENT_PI3K_AKT_SIGNALING, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_GROWTH, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_INTRACELLULAR_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, DODD_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_UP, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL_3_KINASE_PROTEIN_KINASE_B_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, GOBP_TOR_SIGNALING, BURTON_ADIPOGENESIS_2, BURTON_ADIPOGENESIS_PEAK_AT_8HR

GO Biological Process (7): cytoskeleton organization (GO:0007010), positive regulation of cell growth (GO:0030307), cellular response to nutrient levels (GO:0031669), TORC2 signaling (GO:0038203), negative regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043066), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction (GO:0043491), positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction (GO:0051897)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (2): cytosol (GO:0005829), TORC2 complex (GO:0031932)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-7 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Intracellular signaling by second messengers	1
Co-stimulation by CD28	1
VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway	1
PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cancer	1
Regulation of TP53 Expression and Degradation	1
Response of endothelial cells to shear stress	1
Dengue Virus-Host Interactions	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
organelle organization	1
regulation of cell growth	1
cell growth	1
positive regulation of growth	1
positive regulation of cellular process	1
response to nutrient levels	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
TOR signaling	1
apoptotic process	1
regulation of apoptotic process	1
negative regulation of programmed cell death	1
intracellular signaling cassette	1
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	1
regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	1
positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction	1
binding	1
cytoplasm	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
TOR complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

562 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
PRR5	MAPKAP1	Q9BPZ7	999
PRR5	RICTOR	Q6R327	999
PRR5	DEPTOR	Q8TB45	998
PRR5	MLST8	Q9BVC4	998
PRR5	MTOR	P42345	997
PRR5	TTI1	O43156	992
PRR5	PRR5L	Q6MZQ0	917
PRR5	ARHGAP8	P85298	914
PRR5	RPTOR	Q8N122	863
PRR5	AKT1S1	Q96B36	863
PRR5	SGK1	O00141	769
PRR5	INPP5J	Q15735	716
PRR5	BNIP2	Q12982	678
PRR5	PRR7	Q8TB68	671
PRR5	PRR9	Q5T870	665

IntAct

38 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
RICTOR	MTOR	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.970
MAPKAP1	MTOR	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.860
WDR5	MEN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.710
PRR5	YWHAH	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.650
YWHAG	BLTP3B	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.640
PRR5	DLG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.610
DLG1	PRR5	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.610
YWHAH	PLEKHG3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.610
YWHAE	RGS12	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.610
YWHAB	BLTP3B	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.610
YWHAH	BLTP3B	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.570
YWHAE	SRSF10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.560
YWHAQ	IGLC7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
YWHAB	PLEKHG3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.480
RICTOR	HSPA1A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.460
RICTOR	WIZ	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PRR5	MTOR	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MTOR	PRR5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
YWHAB	PLEKHG3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
YWHAG	C1orf226	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
YWHAB	FOXO6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
YWHAG	FOXO6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
YWHAQ	FOXO6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GIMAP1	PRR5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CIR1	IGLL5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PRR5	HNRNPCL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (56): PRR5 (Affinity Capture-RNA), PRR5 (Affinity Capture-MS), PRR5 (Affinity Capture-MS), PRR5 (Two-hybrid), PRR5 (Two-hybrid), PRR5 (Two-hybrid), PRR5 (Two-hybrid), GPSM3 (Two-hybrid), PRR5 (Affinity Capture-MS), PRR5 (Proximity Label-MS), PRR5 (Proximity Label-MS), PRR5 (Proximity Label-MS), PRR5 (Proximity Label-MS), YWHAH (Affinity Capture-MS), PRR5 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A088MLT8, A2AQ25, B3KU38, B5DF41, E9PSK7, O15079, O35274, P0DPB3, P0DPB4, P12755, P49140, P85299, Q0D2I5, Q14DQ1, Q1LY51, Q3B7M3, Q3SYW5, Q4KMA0, Q4R3X1, Q50H33, Q5F3L9, Q5FVG6, Q5RD40, Q5XKK7, Q60698, Q6ZNC4, Q6ZUS6, Q6ZWB6, Q80U23, Q80U62, Q80XA6, Q812A5, Q86YI8, Q8BXL9, Q8K2W6, Q8ND83, Q8NFH8, Q8QFX1, Q8TEK3, Q924W7

Diamond homologs: A1L1K1, A2AVJ5, P85299, Q5E9R0, Q5FVG6, Q6MZQ0, Q812A5, Q8AVJ1

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
PRR5	“form complex”	mTORC2	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 29 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Activation of BAD and translocation to mitochondria	6	240.4×	4e-12
Chk1/Chk2(Cds1) mediated inactivation of Cyclin B:Cdk1 complex	6	212.1×	5e-12
SARS-CoV-1 targets host intracellular signalling and regulatory pathways	6	212.1×	5e-12
Activation of BH3-only proteins	6	156.8×	3e-11
RHO GTPases activate PKNs	6	100.2×	5e-10
Intrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis	6	92.5×	7e-10
SARS-CoV-1-host interactions	6	55.5×	1e-08
Apoptosis	6	53.0×	1e-08

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
intracellular protein localization	6	27.3×	2e-05

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

80 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	71
Likely benign	5
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2422 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
22:44702609:G:GA	donor_loss	1.0000
22:44702610:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
22:44714582:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:44714586:CCCAG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
22:44714587:CCAGC:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
22:44714588:CAGCA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
22:44714589:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:44714589:AGCAT:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
22:44714590:G:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
22:44714590:G:GC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:44714590:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:44714590:GC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:44714590:GCA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:44714590:GCAT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:44714590:GCATC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:44714667:GTCCG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:44714668:TCCGG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
22:44714669:CCGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
22:44714670:CGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
22:44714672:G:A	donor_loss	1.0000
22:44714672:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
22:44714673:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
22:44714673:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
22:44714674:GAGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
22:44726575:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:44726576:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:44726631:GAGG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:44726633:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:44726634:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:44726635:GTGA:G	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

2502 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
22:44731762:T:A	W119R	1.000
22:44731762:T:C	W119R	1.000
22:44702601:T:A	W43R	0.999
22:44702601:T:C	W43R	0.999
22:44714593:T:A	I46N	0.999
22:44714616:T:C	F54L	0.999
22:44714617:T:C	F54S	0.999
22:44714618:C:A	F54L	0.999
22:44714618:C:G	F54L	0.999
22:44725249:T:C	L74P	0.999
22:44725288:T:C	L87P	0.999
22:44726595:G:C	G95R	0.999
22:44726596:G:A	G95D	0.999
22:44731764:G:C	W119C	0.999
22:44731764:G:T	W119C	0.999
22:44731796:T:C	L130P	0.999
22:44732291:T:C	F152S	0.999
22:44702603:G:C	W43C	0.998
22:44702603:G:T	W43C	0.998
22:44714593:T:G	I46S	0.998
22:44714668:T:A	V71D	0.998
22:44714671:G:C	R72P	0.998
22:44726608:T:C	L99P	0.998
22:44731751:T:C	L115P	0.998
22:44732282:T:C	L149P	0.998
22:44732290:T:C	F152L	0.998
22:44732292:C:A	F152L	0.998
22:44732292:C:G	F152L	0.998
22:44732294:G:C	R153P	0.998
22:44732378:T:C	L181P	0.998

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000069395 (22:44736733 G>T), RS1000073712 (22:44710389 C>G), RS1000119494 (22:44679896 G>A,T), RS1000120407 (22:44678036 GTGC>G), RS1000123701 (22:44730111 C>T), RS1000132849 (22:44669353 C>T), RS1000138845 (22:44709640 T>A), RS1000172126 (22:44679654 C>G,T), RS1000212445 (22:44723960 A>G), RS1000216762 (22:44712551 A>T), RS1000246495 (22:44674382 C>A,G,T), RS1000252404 (22:44674188 T>C,G), RS1000312760 (22:44717381 G>A), RS1000342210 (22:44717189 C>G,T), RS1000383720 (22:44684495 C>G,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:609406 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001503_4	Electroencephalographic traits in alcoholism	3.000000e-06
GCST002420_1	Binge eating behaviour in bipolar disorder	9.000000e-07
GCST005387_1	Binge eating behaviour in bipolar disorder	3.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004800	frontal theta oscillation measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

29 total (human), top 29 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases methylation	2
Valproic Acid	increases expression, increases methylation	2
Aflatoxin B1	affects methylation, increases methylation	2
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression	2
FR900359	decreases phosphorylation	1
beta-lapachone	increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
benzo(e)pyrene	affects methylation	1
aflatoxin B2	affects methylation	1
coumarin	increases phosphorylation	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
2-(1H-indazol-4-yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-ylthieno(3,2-d)pyrimidine	decreases expression, increases response to substance	1
bisphenol S	decreases methylation	1
jinfukang	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
NSC 689534	affects binding, decreases expression	1
Caffeine	affects phosphorylation	1
Cisplatin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Copper	affects binding, decreases expression	1
Estradiol	increases expression	1
Methapyrilene	affects methylation	1
Phthalic Acids	increases methylation	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Dihydrotestosterone	increases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression	1
Antirheumatic Agents	increases expression	1
Acrylamide	decreases expression	1
Particulate Matter	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.