PRXL2A

gene
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Also known as MGC4248PAMMAdrx

Summary

PRXL2A (peroxiredoxin like 2A, HGNC:28651) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 10q23.1, encoding Peroxiredoxin-like 2A (Q9BRX8). Involved in redox regulation of the cell.

Enables antioxidant activity. Involved in regulation of osteoclast differentiation. Located in cytoplasm.

Source: NCBI Gene 84293 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 6
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 49 total — 1 pathogenic
  • Druggable target: yes — 1 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_032333

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:28651
Approved symbolPRXL2A
Nameperoxiredoxin like 2A
Location10q23.1
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesMGC4248, PAMM, Adrx
Ensembl geneENSG00000122378
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM617165
Entrez84293

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 31 — 31 protein_coding

ENST00000372181, ENST00000372185, ENST00000372187, ENST00000372188, ENST00000606162, ENST00000615554, ENST00000870438, ENST00000870439, ENST00000870440, ENST00000870441, ENST00000870442, ENST00000870443, ENST00000870444, ENST00000870445, ENST00000870446, ENST00000870447, ENST00000870448, ENST00000870449, ENST00000870450, ENST00000923208, ENST00000923209, ENST00000923210, ENST00000923211, ENST00000923212, ENST00000923213, ENST00000960017, ENST00000960018, ENST00000960019, ENST00000960020, ENST00000960021, ENST00000960022

RefSeq mRNA: 6 — MANE Select: NM_032333 NM_001243778, NM_001243779, NM_001243780, NM_001243781, NM_001243782, NM_032333

CCDS: CCDS58089, CCDS7368

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000606162 — 6 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000008304518042241780422508
ENSE000008304528042586680426006
ENSE000008304538042733280427496
ENSE000014570908040855180408643
ENSE000014571238042046680420645
ENSE000036950258043198680437115

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 256 present calls, max score 99.67.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 47.8669 / max 942.0138, expressed in 1568 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (8 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
10585431.20821543
1058628.2661708
1058557.58801135
1058560.311757
1058590.179482
1058610.147061
1058600.094054
1058580.072541

Top tissues by expression

256 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
pigmented layer of retinaUBERON:000178299.67gold quality
corpus epididymisUBERON:000435999.63gold quality
left ventricle myocardiumUBERON:000656699.52gold quality
upper leg skinUBERON:000426299.51gold quality
kidney epitheliumUBERON:000481999.48gold quality
ileal mucosaUBERON:000033199.42gold quality
jejunal mucosaUBERON:000039999.37gold quality
upper arm skinUBERON:000426399.30gold quality
caput epididymisUBERON:000435899.14gold quality
skin of hipUBERON:000155499.00gold quality
mammalian vulvaUBERON:000099798.99gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atriumUBERON:000337998.98gold quality
postcentral gyrusUBERON:000258198.97gold quality
parietal lobeUBERON:000187298.93gold quality
cauda epididymisUBERON:000436098.87gold quality
adipose tissueUBERON:000101398.85gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamusUBERON:000273698.83gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissueUBERON:000219098.73gold quality
superior frontal gyrusUBERON:000266198.73gold quality
ponsUBERON:000098898.69gold quality
superior vestibular nucleusUBERON:000722798.68gold quality
renal medullaUBERON:000036298.62gold quality
dorsal root ganglionUBERON:000004498.60gold quality
myocardiumUBERON:000234998.56gold quality
gingivaUBERON:000182898.52gold quality
gingival epitheliumUBERON:000194998.51gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46UBERON:000648398.50gold quality
lateral globus pallidusUBERON:000247698.49gold quality
entorhinal cortexUBERON:000272898.48gold quality
nucleus accumbensUBERON:000188298.44gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 14 experiment(s), a significant marker in 10.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-HCAD-23yes2236.76
E-GEOD-114530yes952.74
E-HCAD-10yes611.62
E-CURD-114yes72.52
E-MTAB-7316yes32.81
E-MTAB-6701yes18.62
E-CURD-112yes12.81
E-MTAB-7249yes11.01
E-MTAB-8410yes8.90
E-MTAB-10283no890.31
E-MTAB-8271no819.44
E-MTAB-6142no119.43
E-MTAB-10137no7.11
E-ANND-3no0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): NR1I2

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

45 targeting PRXL2A, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-126-5P100.0072.713180
HSA-MIR-518D-5P100.0067.51979
HSA-MIR-518E-5P100.0067.66954
HSA-MIR-518F-5P100.0067.51979
HSA-MIR-519A-5P100.0067.66954
HSA-MIR-519B-5P100.0067.66954
HSA-MIR-519C-5P100.0067.66954
HSA-MIR-520C-5P100.0067.51979
HSA-MIR-522-5P100.0067.66954
HSA-MIR-523-5P100.0067.66954
HSA-MIR-526A-5P100.0067.51979
HSA-MIR-4482-3P99.9872.503147
HSA-MIR-477599.9875.006394
HSA-MIR-590-3P99.9674.346478
HSA-MIR-9-3P99.9670.882068
HSA-MIR-7162-3P99.8968.161682
HSA-MIR-7845-5P99.8864.88771
HSA-MIR-489-3P99.8066.46839
HSA-MIR-431999.7669.832586
HSA-MIR-3913-3P99.7466.53938
HSA-MIR-58699.6570.402051
HSA-MIR-426199.5970.303415
HSA-MIR-3942-3P99.5769.032854
HSA-MIR-448999.5065.56785
HSA-MIR-147B-5P99.4570.622432
HSA-MIR-4762-3P99.4369.722363
HSA-MIR-125A-5P99.3670.591640
HSA-MIR-125B-5P99.3670.361662
HSA-MIR-32-3P99.3668.202517
HSA-MIR-4777-5P99.3367.531148

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 5)

  • The PAMM is a redox regulatory protein that modulates osteoclast differentiation in vitro. PAMM expression may affect bone resorption in vivo and help to maintain bone mass. (PMID:19951071)
  • Antioxidant stress induces PAMM mRNA expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells . (PMID:26402163)
  • results suggest that adipocyte-derived PAMM may suppress macrophage activation by inhibiting MAPK signalling pathway. (PMID:26438880)
  • this study has pinpointed novel clues demonstrating that downregulation of miR-125b suppressor underlies upregulation of PRXL2A in OSCC, and this then protects the affected tumor cells from oxidative stress. (PMID:30785086)
  • FAM213A is linked to prognostic significance in acute myeloid leukemia through regulation of oxidative stress and myelopoiesis. (PMID:32124993)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
mus_musculusPrxl2aENSMUSG00000021792
rattus_norvegicusPrxl2aENSRNOG00000011140

Protein

Protein identifiers

Peroxiredoxin-like 2AQ9BRX8 (reviewed: Q9BRX8)

Alternative names: Peroxiredoxin-like 2 activated in M-CSF stimulated monocytes, Redox-regulatory protein FAM213A

All UniProt accessions (1): Q9BRX8

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Involved in redox regulation of the cell. Acts as an antioxidant. Inhibits TNFSF11-induced NFKB1 and JUN activation and osteoclast differentiation. May affect bone resorption and help to maintain bone mass. Acts as a negative regulator of macrophage-mediated inflammation by inhibiting macrophage production of inflammatory cytokines, probably through suppression of the MAPK signaling pathway.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in CSF1 and TNFSF11-stimulated CD14(+) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Induction. Up-regulated by CSF1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This induction is reduced in the presence of TNFSF11.

Miscellaneous. The active site cysteines correspond to the redox-active cysteines of peroxiredoxins.

Similarity. Belongs to the peroxiredoxin-like PRXL2 family. PRXL2A subfamily.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q9BRX8-11yes
Q9BRX8-22

RefSeq proteins (6): NP_001230707, NP_001230708, NP_001230709, NP_001230710, NP_001230711, NP_115709* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR032801PXL2A/B/CFamily

Pfam: PF13911

UniProt features (9 total): active site 2, mutagenesis site 2, sequence conflict 2, chain 1, region of interest 1, splice variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q9BRX8-F188.270.65

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (2): 85 (redox-active); 88 (redox-active)

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (2):

PositionPhenotype
85decrease of about 38% in antioxidant activity in tnfsf11-stimulated osteoclasts and reduced inhibition of tnfsf11-induce
88decrease of about 125% in antioxidant activity in tnfsf11-stimulated osteoclasts and reduced inhibition of tnfsf11-induc

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 181 (showing top): GOBP_MYELOID_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_OSTEOCLAST_DIFFERENTIATION, GCM_GSPT1, LINDGREN_BLADDER_CANCER_CLUSTER_3_DN, GOBP_MYELOID_LEUKOCYTE_DIFFERENTIATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_LEUKOCYTE_DIFFERENTIATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_HEMOPOIESIS, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_TOXIC_SUBSTANCE, CHIARADONNA_NEOPLASTIC_TRANSFORMATION_CDC25_UP, YAO_TEMPORAL_RESPONSE_TO_PROGESTERONE_CLUSTER_6, GOBP_DETOXIFICATION, SANSOM_APC_TARGETS_DN, LASTOWSKA_NEUROBLASTOMA_COPY_NUMBER_DN, GCM_NF2, GOMF_ANTIOXIDANT_ACTIVITY

GO Biological Process (2): regulation of osteoclast differentiation (GO:0045670), cellular oxidant detoxification (GO:0098869)

GO Molecular Function (1): antioxidant activity (GO:0016209)

GO Cellular Component (2): extracellular region (GO:0005576), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure2
regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation1
osteoclast differentiation1
cellular detoxification1
molecular_function1
cellular oxidant detoxification1
intracellular anatomical structure1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

526 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
PRXL2AHSP90AB1P08238720
PRXL2AGUSBP08236635
PRXL2APALMO75781524
PRXL2AGAPDHP00354515
PRXL2AACTBP02570506
PRXL2APOTEFA5A3E0505
PRXL2AB2MP01884450
PRXL2AGSTO1P78417438
PRXL2APRXL2CQ7RTV5435
PRXL2AHADHAP40939433
PRXL2AHPRT1P00492427
PRXL2AACADVLP49748425
PRXL2AST3GAL4Q11206417
PRXL2ARIDAP52758403
PRXL2AATP5MKQ96IX5400

IntAct

90 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
HLA-CHLA-Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.670
NIPAL1ESYT2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
MMETMEM223psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
ADGRG5KLRG2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
A4GNTPOTEFpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
GDPD5GOLIM4psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
FAM131BAURKApsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
TLR5MAN1A2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
HLA-GHLA-Bpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
YIPF3TMEM120Bpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
CSGALNACT2GOLIM4psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
CHRNDTPST2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
TSPAN5SC5Dpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
VAPBpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.500
NRASESYT2psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.480
HMGA1PRXL2Apsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
PCNAPRXL2Apsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
PRXL2AMYCBP2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
HSCBRBP5psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
K8.1EXOC5psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
YIPF3TMEM223psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
RTN1TMEM120Bpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
SLC39A12POM121Cpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
TMEM30AUPK3BL1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
SLC18A1LIMK2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (126): FAM213A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM213A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM213A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM213A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM213A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM213A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM213A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM213A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM213A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM213A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM213A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM213A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM213A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM213A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM213A (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1D6NER6, A0JPD7, A1D3P4, B0XPV4, B4QL99, B5X9L9, D9IL24, J9RYI6, O13861, O14349, O42411, O42449, O48529, O74482, P06623, P09543, P13233, P18496, P36101, Q05892, Q0V3D6, Q0WNZ5, Q1H537, Q2QEI3, Q2UBI2, Q38932, Q3ZBK2, Q4WJ38, Q5RFD0, Q5YLB4, Q5ZI34, Q641F0, Q6AXX6, Q6CY84, Q6DW73, Q6DW75, Q6FWV2, Q6NV24, Q6PBP3, Q804E1

Diamond homologs: A0JPD7, A9CQL8, C1C416, D3ZVR7, Q3ZBK2, Q58CY6, Q5R7S9, Q5ZI34, Q641F0, Q6AXX6, Q6PBP3, Q8TBF2, Q9BRX8, Q9CYH2, Q9DB60, B5X9L9, Q28IJ3, Q6AZG8, Q6NV24, Q9ZUU2

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 106 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
Antigen Presentation: Folding, assembly and peptide loading of class I MHC526.2×8e-05
Interferon gamma signaling58.4×3e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

49 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic1
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance36
Likely benign1
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant IDHGVSClassification
2574686GRCh37/hg19 10p13-q26.3(chr10:12829206-135427143)Pathogenic

SpliceAI

1059 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
10:80420465:GAAAT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
10:80420641:GAAGG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
10:80420642:AAGG:Adonor_gain1.0000
10:80420643:AGG:Adonor_gain1.0000
10:80420643:AGGG:Adonor_loss1.0000
10:80420644:GG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
10:80420644:GGG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
10:80420645:GG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
10:80420646:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
10:80420647:T:Adonor_loss1.0000
10:80422415:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
10:80422416:G:GGacceptor_gain1.0000
10:80422505:AGAGG:Adonor_loss1.0000
10:80422506:GAG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
10:80422507:AGG:Adonor_loss1.0000
10:80422509:G:GCdonor_loss1.0000
10:80422510:TGAG:Tdonor_loss1.0000
10:80422511:GAGT:Gdonor_loss1.0000
10:80425860:CTACA:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
10:80425861:TACA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
10:80425863:CAG:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
10:80425864:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
10:80425864:A:ATacceptor_loss1.0000
10:80425865:G:GGacceptor_gain1.0000
10:80425865:GGA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
10:80425865:GGAA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
10:80426006:GGTG:Gdonor_loss1.0000
10:80426008:T:Adonor_loss1.0000
10:80427323:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
10:80427324:C:Gacceptor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000031589 (10:80428649 A>G,T), RS1000102857 (10:80417663 A>G), RS1000130282 (10:80428616 C>G), RS1000277654 (10:80421317 G>A), RS1000332835 (10:80415032 T>C), RS1000516217 (10:80410078 G>A), RS1000747451 (10:80416483 T>G), RS1000914453 (10:80414860 C>A,T), RS1000951781 (10:80435288 T>C), RS1000996759 (10:80408857 C>T), RS1001017466 (10:80415399 T>C), RS1001219332 (10:80411962 T>A,C,G), RS1001512326 (10:80415153 G>T), RS1001565268 (10:80417631 A>G), RS1001610428 (10:80405965 G>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:617165 | disease phenotypes: MIM:609625

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): distal 10q deletion syndrome (MONDO:0012315)

Orphanet (1): Distal deletion 10q syndrome (Orphanet:96148)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

6 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST001725_5Inflammatory bowel disease9.000000e-16
GCST004641_28Borderline personality disorder5.000000e-06
GCST005542_5Sarcoidosis (non-Lofgren’s syndrome without extrapulmonary manifestations)4.000000e-06
GCST006412_111Intraocular pressure1.000000e-09
GCST006979_595Heel bone mineral density2.000000e-12
GCST007267_122Systolic blood pressure2.000000e-10

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004695intraocular pressure measurement
EFO:0009270heel bone mineral density
EFO:0006335systolic blood pressure

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

DescriptorNameTree numbers
C567182Chromosome 10q26 Deletion Syndrome (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL3879824 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

1 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 7,994 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

MoleculeNamePhasePatents
CHEMBL1873475IBRUTINIB47,994

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

ChEMBL bioactivities

1 potent at pChembl≥5 of 1 total, top 1 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChemblTypeValueUnitMolecule
6.05IC50900nMIBRUTINIB

PubChem BioAssay actives

1 with measured affinity, of 3 total; 1 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

CompoundAssayTypeValueUnit
Ibrutinib1337177: Inhibition of PF-06658607 binding to recombinant C-terminal FLAG-tagged FAM213A (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells after 1 hr by gel-based ABPP assayic500.9000uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

68 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
sodium arsenitedecreases expression4
Valproic Acidaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression4
trichostatin Aaffects cotreatment, decreases expression3
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxindecreases expression, increases expression3
bisphenol Aincreases expression2
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideaffects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression2
bisphenol Sincreases expression2
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation, decreases expression, decreases methylation2
Dexamethasoneincreases expression, affects cotreatment2
Tretinoinincreases expression2
Cyclosporinedecreases expression2
Aflatoxin B1affects expression, decreases expression2
aristolochic acid Iincreases expression1
afuresertibincreases expression1
bisphenol Fincreases expression1
dicrotophosdecreases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
alpha-pineneaffects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance1
deoxynivalenoldecreases expression1
sodium arsenatedecreases expression1
pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl etherincreases expression, affects cotreatment, affects localization1
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalateincreases expression1
potassium chromate(VI)increases expression1
cupric chloridedecreases expression1
methacrylaldehydeaffects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
chloropicrinincreases expression1
K 7174decreases expression1
ICG 001increases expression1
bisphenol Bincreases expression1

ChEMBL screening assays

3 unique, capped per target: 3 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL3877214BindingInhibition of PF-06658607 binding to recombinant C-terminal FLAG-tagged FAM213A (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells after 1 hr by gel-based ABPP assayNon-kinase targets of protein kinase inhibitors. — Nat Rev Drug Discov

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

  • Disease cohort memberships (association, not causation — diseases whose associated-gene cohort lists this gene; a subset are also under Associated diseases): distal 10q deletion syndrome, sarcoidosis