PSG1

Summary

PSG1 (pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1, HGNC:9514) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 19q13.2, encoding Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1 (P11464).

The human placenta is a multihormonal endocrine organ that produces hormones, enzymes, and other molecules that support fetal survival and development. Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein (PSBG, PSG) is a major product of the syncytiotrophoblast, reaching concentrations of 100 to 290 mg/l at term in the serum of pregnant women (Horne et al., 1976 [PubMed 971765]). PSG is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily (Watanabe and Chou, 1988 [PubMed 3257488]; Streydio et al., 1988 [PubMed 3260773]).

Source: NCBI Gene 5669 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 174 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001184825

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:9514
Approved symbol	PSG1
Name	pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1
Location	19q13.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	PSGGA, CD66f, PBG1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000231924
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	176390
Entrez	5669

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 11 — 8 protein_coding, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000244296, ENST00000312439, ENST00000403380, ENST00000436291, ENST00000595124, ENST00000595356, ENST00000595930, ENST00000597058, ENST00000601073, ENST00000601456, ENST00000602039

RefSeq mRNA: 5 — MANE Select: NM_001184825 NM_001184825, NM_001184826, NM_001297773, NM_001330524, NM_006905

CCDS: CCDS12612, CCDS54275, CCDS59392, CCDS74380, CCDS82360

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000436291 — 6 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001814260	42866464	42867150
ENSE00001949189	42879518	42879713
ENSE00002479176	42871767	42872045
ENSE00002482178	42868756	42869034
ENSE00003646865	42877913	42878278
ENSE00003790820	42868101	42868355

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 70 present calls, max score 93.69.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 7.1553 / max 5880.1867, expressed in 160 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (7 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
181222	3.6710	96
181221	3.1853	114
181220	0.2290	30
181219	0.0391	7
181216	0.0123	7
181218	0.0098	5
181217	0.0088	5

Top tissues by expression

236 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	93.69	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	91.98	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	80.40	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	80.17	silver quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	78.47	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	76.89	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	75.31	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	74.83	silver quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	74.42	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	72.15	gold quality
cardia of stomach	UBERON:0001162	70.41	gold quality
superficial temporal artery	UBERON:0001614	70.24	gold quality
nipple	UBERON:0002030	69.42	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	69.37	gold quality
saphenous vein	UBERON:0007318	69.28	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	69.21	gold quality
inferior vagus X ganglion	UBERON:0005363	68.98	gold quality
superior surface of tongue	UBERON:0007371	68.95	gold quality
pericardium	UBERON:0002407	68.91	gold quality
tongue	UBERON:0001723	68.88	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	68.87	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	68.77	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	68.72	silver quality
lateral globus pallidus	UBERON:0002476	68.67	silver quality
pons	UBERON:0000988	68.57	gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	UBERON:0002736	68.56	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	68.51	gold quality
trigeminal ganglion	UBERON:0001675	68.41	gold quality
synovial joint	UBERON:0002217	68.27	gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulata	UBERON:0001966	68.26	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	4.24

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

29 targeting PSG1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4495	99.82	72.08	3080
HSA-MIR-4694-3P	99.79	69.53	2640
HSA-MIR-4668-5P	99.79	70.58	3782
HSA-MIR-377-5P	99.70	65.28	712
HSA-MIR-6086	99.70	65.38	699
HSA-MIR-3679-3P	99.64	69.88	1599
HSA-MIR-6727-3P	99.49	65.92	1333
HSA-MIR-143-3P	99.49	69.05	1457
HSA-MIR-4770	99.49	69.09	1451
HSA-MIR-582-5P	99.47	70.79	2635
HSA-MIR-4722-3P	99.35	65.22	1099
HSA-MIR-6719-3P	99.29	67.78	1387
HSA-MIR-6088	99.29	68.45	1284
HSA-MIR-4752	98.71	68.04	833
HSA-MIR-299-5P	98.56	71.14	1140
HSA-MIR-6878-5P	98.49	67.91	2142
HSA-MIR-6827-5P	98.46	64.88	1256
HSA-MIR-3158-3P	98.45	64.25	560
HSA-MIR-550A-3P	98.37	69.61	632
HSA-MIR-124-5P	98.11	67.65	1095
HSA-MIR-4443	98.02	66.25	1928
HSA-MIR-30C-1-3P	97.80	66.36	1499
HSA-MIR-30C-2-3P	97.80	66.45	1499
HSA-MIR-6788-5P	97.80	66.41	1532
HSA-MIR-200C-5P	97.71	67.73	596
HSA-MIR-7855-5P	97.39	67.18	925
HSA-MIR-8056	97.15	64.49	769
HSA-MIR-6515-5P	97.08	65.48	1219
HSA-MIR-6730-3P	97.03	67.54	889

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 15)

• Human PSG1a induces alternative activation in human & mouse monocytes & suppresses the accessory-cell-dependent T-cell proliferation. PSG1a contributes to immunomodulation during pregnancy, with opposite effects on maternal innate & adaptative systems. (PMID:12223519)
• The differential expression of HLA-E and PSG1 in the sperm of fertile and infertile men is discussed. (PMID:18987160)
• first trimester maternal serum marker of small-for-gestational age and preterm delivery (PMID:19911417)
• The aspartic acid at position 95 is not required for PSG1 activity but the amino acids implicated in the formation of a salt bridge within the N-domain are essential. (PMID:20335639)
• the presence of GAGs on the surface of endothelial cells was required for the ability of PSG1 to induce tube formation (PMID:21193412)
• results identify a non-placental site of PSG expression in the gut and associated tumors, with implications for determining whether PSGs have a role in tumor progression, and utility as tumor biomarkers. (PMID:26926266)
• PSG stimulated IDO activity under the conditions of induction of the monocytes by interferon-gamma. (PMID:27595833)
• Inhibiting PSG1 can effectively reduce chemoresistance via a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-related pathway in ER-negative breast cancer cells. (PMID:27653744)
• Under conditions of directed induction of phenotypic changes in CD4(+) lymphocytes to regulatory T cells (Treg), pregnancy-specific at high concentrations (10 and 100 mug/mL) increased FOXP3 expression. The evaluation of the spontaneous expression level of FOXP3 mRNA showed that pregnancy-specific beta1-glycoprotein (1 and 100 mug/mL) stimulated the expression of this factor in mononuclear cells and isolated CD4(+) lym… (PMID:27817017)
• biomarkers suitable for the assessment of chronological ageing were identified, and extrapolated to the context of photo-damaged skin. In particular, KANK4, ACAN, Col XI alpha1, and PSG1, were expressed at an increased level in both chronologically-aged and photo-damaged skin. (PMID:29913199)
• Glycan characterization of pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1 and its identification as a novel Galectin-1 ligand. (PMID:32280962)
• Effect of Pregnancy Specific beta1-Glycoprotein on the Replicative Potential of Naive T Cells and Immune Memory T Cells. (PMID:34855088)
• High Expression of Pregnancy Specific Beta-1-glycoprotein 1 Is Associated With Poor Gastric Cancer Prognosis. (PMID:36309385)
• Low pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein is associated with nondipper hypertension and increased risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women with newly diagnosed chronic hypertension. (PMID:37887078)
• Modulation of galectin-9 mediated responses in monocytes and T-cells by pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1. (PMID:39121996)

Cross-species orthologs

0 orthologs

Paralogs (24): CEACAM21 (ENSG00000007129), CEACAM7 (ENSG00000007306), CEACAM1 (ENSG00000079385), CEACAM6 (ENSG00000086548), CEACAM4 (ENSG00000105352), CEACAM5 (ENSG00000105388), PSG8 (ENSG00000124467), CEACAM8 (ENSG00000124469), HEPACAM (ENSG00000165478), PSG6 (ENSG00000170848), CEACAM3 (ENSG00000170956), PSG9 (ENSG00000183668), CEACAM19 (ENSG00000186567), HEPACAM2 (ENSG00000188175), PSG5 (ENSG00000204941), CEACAM18 (ENSG00000213822), CEACAM16 (ENSG00000213892), VSTM5 (ENSG00000214376), PSG3 (ENSG00000221826), PSG7 (ENSG00000221878), PSG2 (ENSG00000242221), PSG11 (ENSG00000243130), PSG4 (ENSG00000243137), CEACAM20 (ENSG00000273777)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1 — P11464 (reviewed: P11464)

Alternative names: CD66 antigen-like family member F, Fetal liver non-specific cross-reactive antigen 1/2, PSG95, Pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein C/D

All UniProt accessions (5): P11464, G5E9F7, M0QY44, M0QZQ1, M0R235

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Subcellular location. Secreted.

Similarity. Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. CEA family.

Isoforms (4)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P11464-1	1, PSG-1a	yes
P11464-2	2
P11464-3	3
P11464-4	4, PSG-1d

RefSeq proteins (5): NP_001171754, NP_001171755, NP_001284702, NP_001317453, NP_008836 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR003598	Ig_sub2	Domain
IPR003599	Ig_sub	Domain
IPR007110	Ig-like_dom	Domain
IPR013106	Ig_V-set	Domain
IPR013783	Ig-like_fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036179	Ig-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050831	CEA_cell_adhesion	Family

Pfam: PF07686, PF13895, PF13927

UniProt features (32 total): sequence variant 11, glycosylation site 7, domain 4, disulfide bond 3, splice variant 3, sequence conflict 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P11464-F1	86.43	0.65

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (3): 169–217, 262–310, 354–394

Glycosylation sites (7): 259, 268, 303, 61, 104, 111, 199

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-202733	Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall

MSigDB gene sets: 110 (showing top): MORF_ITGA2, KOBAYASHI_EGFR_SIGNALING_24HR_UP, MORF_FLT1, CAR_TNFRSF25, MORF_MSH3, XU_HGF_TARGETS_REPRESSED_BY_AKT1_DN, MORF_BRCA1, KYNG_DNA_DAMAGE_DN, MORF_ESR1, MORF_RAD51L3, CHANG_IMMORTALIZED_BY_HPV31_DN, MISSIAGLIA_REGULATED_BY_METHYLATION_UP, MORF_CTSB, MORF_IL4, MORF_PRKCA

GO Biological Process (1): female pregnancy (GO:0007565)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (1): extracellular region (GO:0005576)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Hemostasis	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
multi-organism reproductive process	1
multi-multicellular organism process	1
binding	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

0 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

IntAct

16 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
OGT	PSG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PSG1	OGT	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TGFB1	PSG1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.560
PSG9	CCDC85C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PSG8	PEX7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PSG3	MGRN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TGFB1	PSG1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
PSG1	IKBKB	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PSG3	PSG1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PSG1	CHUK	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PSG1	UTP14A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (73): OGT (Two-hybrid), TUBB8 (Affinity Capture-MS), USF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), USF1 (Affinity Capture-MS), PC (Affinity Capture-MS), UBR1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SMG6 (Affinity Capture-MS), ACACA (Affinity Capture-MS), PARN (Affinity Capture-MS), PSG9 (Affinity Capture-MS), PSG6 (Affinity Capture-MS), PSG5 (Affinity Capture-MS), FLAD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), STK39 (Affinity Capture-MS), ATG7 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0K2S4Q6, A6NI73, O75019, O75022, O75023, O76036, P0C191, P11464, P11465, P13688, P31997, P40199, P59901, Q00887, Q00888, Q00889, Q08708, Q0V881, Q15238, Q16557, Q28110, Q496F6, Q5M7U7, Q5SQ64, Q6GTX8, Q6ISS4, Q6MG56, Q6PI73, Q863H2, Q863H3, Q8C567, Q8IYS5, Q8MHY9, Q8MJZ2, Q8N149, Q8N423, Q8N6C8, Q8VBT3, Q95JB9, Q96LA5

Diamond homologs: A0A0B4J1L0, D3ZQE1, E9QA28, O75871, P06731, P11464, P11465, P13688, P16573, P31809, P31997, P40198, P40199, Q00887, Q00888, Q00889, Q13046, Q14002, Q15238, Q16557, Q2WEN9, Q3KPI0, Q3UKK2, Q61400, Q63111, Q810J1, Q925P2, Q9D2Z1, Q9UQ72, Q9UQ74, A0A140LHF2, P0DP72, P35329, Q15223, Q15746, Q58EX2, Q6V4S5, Q96FE5, Q9D1T0, Q9GL76

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

174 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	145
Likely benign	13
Benign	3

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

727 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
19:42868352:CCAT:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:42868353:CATC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:42869033:CG:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:42869035:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:42869037:G:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:42877907:ACTT:A	donor_loss	0.9900
19:42877909:TTACG:T	donor_loss	0.9900
19:42877910:TACGG:T	donor_loss	0.9900
19:42877911:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
19:42877912:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9900
19:42877912:C:G	donor_loss	0.9900
19:42877912:CG:C	donor_gain	0.9900
19:42877912:CGGT:C	donor_gain	0.9900
19:42868353:CAT:C	acceptor_gain	0.9800
19:42868355:TC:T	acceptor_loss	0.9800
19:42868356:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9800
19:42868356:C:T	acceptor_loss	0.9800
19:42869030:CTTCG:C	acceptor_gain	0.9800
19:42869033:CGCTG:C	acceptor_gain	0.9800
19:42877906:CACTT:C	donor_loss	0.9800
19:42877912:CGG:C	donor_gain	0.9800
19:42878279:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9800
19:42868362:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.9700
19:42872046:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9700
19:42878275:GATG:G	acceptor_gain	0.9700
19:42878277:TG:T	acceptor_gain	0.9700
19:42879512:CCTCA:C	donor_loss	0.9700
19:42879513:CTCA:C	donor_loss	0.9700
19:42879514:TCAC:T	donor_loss	0.9700
19:42879515:CAC:C	donor_loss	0.9700

AlphaMissense

2713 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
19:42868246:C:A	W366C	0.967
19:42868246:C:G	W366C	0.967
19:42868248:A:G	W366R	0.962
19:42868248:A:T	W366R	0.962
19:42868815:C:G	C310S	0.961
19:42868816:A:T	C310S	0.961
19:42868163:C:G	C394S	0.958
19:42868164:A:T	C394S	0.958
19:42871792:A:C	S228R	0.955
19:42871792:A:T	S228R	0.955
19:42871794:T:G	S228R	0.955
19:42878144:A:G	W67R	0.953
19:42878144:A:T	W67R	0.953
19:42871936:C:A	W180C	0.952
19:42871936:C:G	W180C	0.952
19:42871826:C:G	C217S	0.949
19:42871827:A:T	C217S	0.949
19:42871938:A:G	W180R	0.945
19:42871938:A:T	W180R	0.945
19:42868164:A:G	C394R	0.943
19:42868170:A:C	Y392D	0.942
19:42868150:G:C	N398K	0.941
19:42868150:G:T	N398K	0.941
19:42878023:A:G	L107P	0.941
19:42878142:C:A	W67C	0.939
19:42878142:C:G	W67C	0.939
19:42868816:A:G	C310R	0.935
19:42868284:A:G	C354R	0.932
19:42868162:G:C	C394W	0.931
19:42868282:A:C	C354W	0.929

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000069283 (19:42880673 G>T), RS1000300208 (19:42873224 G>C), RS1000354250 (19:42867366 G>C), RS1000394051 (19:42867495 C>A), RS1000744927 (19:42869513 G>T), RS1001038299 (19:42872439 G>A), RS1001133603 (19:42875527 C>T), RS1001213831 (19:42880935 C>A,G,T), RS1001477489 (19:42867520 T>C), RS1001635903 (19:42870491 G>A,T), RS1001775580 (19:42878341 C>A,T), RS1001962627 (19:42869692 G>A), RS1002167421 (19:42867017 T>G), RS1002226750 (19:42875676 C>A,T), RS1002399683 (19:42872810 G>A,C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:176390 | disease phenotypes: MIM:189800

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (2): preeclampsia (MONDO:0005081), primary ovarian failure (MONDO:0005387)

Orphanet (2): Preeclampsia (Orphanet:275555), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Primary ovarian failure (Orphanet:619)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (2)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D011225	Pre-Eclampsia	C12.050.703.395.249
D016649	Primary Ovarian Insufficiency	C12.050.351.500.056.630.750; C12.100.250.056.630.750; C19.391.630.750

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

36 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, increases expression	3
Silicon Dioxide	increases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
4-hydroxyphenyl 4-isopropoxyphenylsulfone	increases expression	1
sotorasib	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
urushiol	increases expression	1
decabromobiphenyl ether	decreases expression	1
ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate	increases expression	1
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	decreases expression	1
tetrabromobisphenol A	decreases expression	1
potassium chromate(VI)	increases expression	1
testosterone-3-carboxymethyloxime-bovine serum albumin conjugate	affects expression	1
phenethyl isothiocyanate	decreases expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	increases expression	1
monomethylarsonous acid	increases expression	1
2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl ether	decreases expression	1
trametinib	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
NVP-BKM120	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Acetaminophen	increases expression	1
Azacitidine	increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Cadmium	affects expression	1
Chromium	increases expression	1
Estradiol	increases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression	1
Zinc	decreases expression	1
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide	increases expression	1
Cyclosporine	increases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	decreases methylation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00117546	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Cardiovascular and Autonomic Reactivity in Women With a History of Pre-eclampsia
NCT00567957	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Remifentanil for General Anesthesia in Preeclamptics
NCT01030627	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment Approaches to Preeclampsia
NCT01352234	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Doses of Acetylsalicylic Acid in Women With Previous History of Preeclampsia
NCT01361425	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Anti-Hypertensive Treatment In Stable Pregnant Women With Severe Pre-Eclampsia (Metildopape)
NCT01729468	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Prevention of Pre-eclampsia and SGA by Low-Dose Aspirin in Nulliparous Women With Abnormal First-trimester Uterine Artery Dopplers
NCT01761916	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Clonidine Versus Captopril for Treatment of Postpartum Very High Blood Pressure
NCT01912677	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Oral Antihypertensive Regimens for Management of Hypertension in Pregnancy
NCT02025426	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Phenylephrine Versus Ephedrine in Pre-eclampsia
NCT02091401	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Trial Comparing Treatment With the Springfusor Infusion Pump to the IV Magnesium Sulfate Regimen
NCT02163655	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Diuretics for Postpartum High Blood Pressure in Preeclampsia
NCT02338687	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Low Dose Calcium to Prevent Preeclampsia
NCT02396030	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Different Schemes of Magnesium Sulfate for Preeclampsia
NCT02531490	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Early Vascular Adjustments During Hypertensive Pregnancy
NCT02699827	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Adding MgSO4 to Epidural Levobupivacaine in CS for Patients With Preeclampsia
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