PSMG4

Summary

PSMG4 (proteasome assembly chaperone 4, HGNC:21108) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 6p25.2, encoding Proteasome assembly chaperone 4 (Q5JS54). Chaperone protein which promotes assembly of the 20S proteasome. It is a common-essential gene (DepMap: required in 98.7% of cancer cell lines).

Predicted to be involved in proteasome assembly. Predicted to be located in cytosol. Predicted to be part of protein-containing complex.

Source: NCBI Gene 389362 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 34
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 25 total
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 98.7% of screened cell lines (common-essential)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001128591

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:21108
Approved symbol	PSMG4
Name	proteasome assembly chaperone 4
Location	6p25.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	PAC4
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000180822
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	617550
Entrez	389362

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 13 — 10 protein_coding, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000324987, ENST00000380305, ENST00000380306, ENST00000416079, ENST00000419065, ENST00000438998, ENST00000451246, ENST00000454610, ENST00000473000, ENST00000509933, ENST00000884818, ENST00000932962, ENST00000932963

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_001128591 NM_001128591, NM_001128592, NM_001135750

CCDS: CCDS47360, CCDS47361, CCDS47362

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000438998 — 3 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001989665	3263684	3263759
ENSE00002059344	3267591	3268049
ENSE00002066764	3258947	3259196

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 253 present calls, max score 95.36.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 19.7065 / max 160.7488, expressed in 1806 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
65528	18.8148	1802
65527	0.8917	640

Top tissues by expression

254 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	95.36	gold quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	94.19	gold quality
saphenous vein	UBERON:0007318	93.51	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	92.99	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	92.90	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	92.75	gold quality
synovial joint	UBERON:0002217	92.71	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	92.67	gold quality
tongue	UBERON:0001723	92.60	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	92.59	gold quality
superior surface of tongue	UBERON:0007371	92.40	gold quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	92.33	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	92.19	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	91.86	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	91.80	gold quality
trachea	UBERON:0003126	91.73	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	91.59	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	91.33	gold quality
layer of synovial tissue	UBERON:0007616	91.33	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	91.30	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	91.19	gold quality
pericardium	UBERON:0002407	91.18	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	91.18	gold quality
cardia of stomach	UBERON:0001162	91.17	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	91.11	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	91.00	gold quality
nipple	UBERON:0002030	90.94	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	90.90	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	90.77	gold quality
pons	UBERON:0000988	90.71	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	7.50

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

22 targeting PSMG4, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-493-5P	99.96	72.47	2382
HSA-LET-7C-3P	99.95	73.42	2862
HSA-LET-7A-2-3P	99.87	70.53	1921
HSA-LET-7G-3P	99.85	70.43	1929
HSA-MIR-576-5P	99.84	70.46	2582
HSA-MIR-4422	99.72	72.07	2908
HSA-MIR-4729	99.69	72.18	4233
HSA-MIR-4762-5P	99.57	68.54	1424
HSA-MIR-642A-5P	99.51	65.10	1152
HSA-MIR-5571-5P	99.49	66.99	1764
HSA-MIR-3915	99.45	68.49	1905
HSA-MIR-499A-3P	99.18	69.20	1392
HSA-MIR-499B-3P	99.18	69.27	1391
HSA-MIR-4744	99.01	69.91	1581
HSA-MIR-6770-5P	98.97	66.76	1853
HSA-MIR-6769B-5P	98.73	64.91	1092
HSA-MIR-4733-3P	98.35	65.20	994
HSA-MIR-6769A-5P	97.99	64.16	851
HSA-MIR-4509	96.19	65.80	900
HSA-MIR-6823-3P	95.45	66.14	704
HSA-MIR-1234-3P	86.70	58.45	109
HSA-MIR-7107-5P	86.70	59.28	110

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 98.7% of screened cell lines, common-essential.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

• a crystal structure of human PAC4 at 1.90-A resolution. Crystallographic data identify a hydrophobic surface that is surrounded by charged residues. The hydrophobic surface is complementary to that of its binding partner, PAC3. (PMID:28263418)
• PSMG4 and NLRP5 appear of particular interest as they were found to be associated with more than one clinical phenotype and are implicated in biological processes considered relevant to the pathophysiology of MS. Also, PSMG4 p.W99R and NLRP5 p.R761L were found to correlate with an earlier age of MS clinical onset. Our data suggests PSMG4 and NLPR5 as potential targets for the development of modifying therapies for MS. (PMID:28501589)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Psmg4	ENSMUSG00000071451
rattus_norvegicus	Psmg4	ENSRNOG00000039265
rattus_norvegicus		ENSRNOG00000079347

Protein

Protein identifiers

Proteasome assembly chaperone 4 — Q5JS54 (reviewed: Q5JS54)

Alternative names: Proteasome chaperone homolog 4

All UniProt accessions (7): Q5JS54, D6R926, D6RB92, D6REN3, E2QRC7, F2Z3E0, H7C465

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Chaperone protein which promotes assembly of the 20S proteasome.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with PSMG3. Associates with alpha subunits of the 20S proteasome.

Similarity. Belongs to the PSMG4 family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q5JS54-1	1	yes
Q5JS54-2	2
Q5JS54-3	3

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001122063, NP_001122064, NP_001129222 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR032157	PAC4	Family

Pfam: PF16093

UniProt features (15 total): strand 7, helix 3, splice variant 2, chain 1, sequence variant 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

3 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
5WTQ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.9
8QYJ	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.73
8TM3	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q5JS54-F1	87.78	0.60

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-9907900	Proteasome assembly

MSigDB gene sets: 78 (showing top): GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GOBP_PROTEASOME_ASSEMBLY, chr6p25, YAO_TEMPORAL_RESPONSE_TO_PROGESTERONE_CLUSTER_13, BERTUCCI_MEDULLARY_VS_DUCTAL_BREAST_CANCER_UP, REACTOME_POST_TRANSLATIONAL_PROTEIN_MODIFICATION, KRIGE_RESPONSE_TO_TOSEDOSTAT_6HR_DN, RATTENBACHER_BOUND_BY_CELF1, GOCC_PROTEIN_FOLDING_CHAPERONE_COMPLEX, GOMF_PROTEIN_CONTAINING_COMPLEX_BINDING, CREB3L4_TARGET_GENES, FOXG1_TARGET_GENES, HOXA10_TARGET_GENES, SALL4_TARGET_GENES

GO Biological Process (1): proteasome assembly (GO:0043248)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein-containing complex binding (GO:0044877)

GO Cellular Component (2): cytosol (GO:0005829), protein-containing complex (GO:0032991)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Post-translational protein modification	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
protein-containing complex assembly	1
binding	1
cytoplasm	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
cellular_component	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

472 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
PSMG4	PSMG3	Q9BT73	997
PSMG4	POMP	Q9Y244	787
PSMG4	PSMG2	Q969U7	661
PSMG4	PAAF1	Q9BRP4	581
PSMG4	PSMG1	O95456	548
PSMG4	PSMD4	P55036	546
PSMG4	PSME4	Q14997	541
PSMG4	PSMF1	Q92530	540
PSMG4	PSMD9	O00233	488
PSMG4	ECPAS	Q5VYK3	477
PSMG4	SLC13A4	Q9UKG4	471
PSMG4	PSMB10	P40306	455
PSMG4	ANAPC15	P60006	437
PSMG4	ADRM1	Q16186	431
PSMG4	PSMD12	O00232	420

IntAct

81 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
PSMA1	PSMA7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.950
PSMA2	PSMA7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.850
PSMG2	PSMG1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.850
PSMA5	PSMA7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.800
PSMB7	PSMA7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.790
POMP	PSMA7	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
IMP3	MPHOSPH10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.670
PSMB3	PSMD11	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
CA10	WDHD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
PSMB7	PSMD11	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
PSMB9	PSMD11	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ZMAT5	DENND4B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
DCDC2B	HSPA8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FOXD4	PDHX	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
AVPI1	UNC119B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PSMG2	PSMA7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRPS34	ZZEF1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PSMA7	PSMG1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530

BioGRID (83): PSMG4 (Affinity Capture-MS), PSMG4 (Affinity Capture-MS), PSMG4 (Affinity Capture-MS), PSMG4 (Affinity Capture-MS), PSMG4 (Co-fractionation), PSMG4 (Co-fractionation), PSMG4 (Co-fractionation), PSMG4 (Co-fractionation), PSMG4 (Co-fractionation), PSMG4 (Co-fractionation), PSMG4 (Co-fractionation), PSMG4 (Co-fractionation), PSMG4 (Affinity Capture-MS), PSMG4 (Affinity Capture-MS), PSMG4 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2YPT7, A3KPF2, A3KPP3, A7SKJ3, A7TTC4, O01757, O75002, O95163, P40123, P47123, P47758, P52481, P53738, Q09454, Q14AI0, Q2TAQ1, Q32PE2, Q3SYG4, Q4FZX7, Q501D5, Q54ML6, Q5JS54, Q5R5X8, Q5YLB4, Q66I84, Q6AX60, Q6C619, Q6GL75, Q6GMB0, Q6PD82, Q74ZJ1, Q7TT37, Q7XI75, Q811G0, Q84W92, Q8LPK4, Q8LPL6, Q8VHU4, Q8WND5, Q8X0S4

Diamond homologs: P0C7N9, P0C8Z5, Q5JS54

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 79 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Antigen processing: Ub, ATP-independent proteasomal degradation	8	93.2×	5e-13
Proteasome assembly	14	58.3×	1e-19
Cross-presentation of soluble exogenous antigens (endosomes)	10	51.8×	2e-13
Regulation of activated PAK-2p34 by proteasome mediated degradation	9	51.2×	3e-12
AUF1 (hnRNP D0) binds and destabilizes mRNA	10	50.7×	2e-13
Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)	9	49.9×	3e-12
Vpu mediated degradation of CD4	9	48.8×	3e-12
Autodegradation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1	9	48.8×	3e-12

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	12	8.8×	3e-06

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

25 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	19
Likely benign	3
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1596 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
6:3259192:GCTAC:G	donor_gain	1.0000
6:3259193:C:G	donor_gain	1.0000
6:3259197:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
6:3283971:CATCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:3283973:TCC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:3283974:CCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:3283975:CCT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:3283976:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:3283976:CT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:3285152:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:3285152:C:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:3285153:A:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:3285156:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:3285157:A:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:3285160:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:3285161:G:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:3286857:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
6:3286858:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
6:3289762:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
6:3289763:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
6:3289763:CG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
6:3289862:CAGCT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:3289865:CT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:3289867:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:3298086:CTCA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
6:3298087:TCA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
6:3298088:CACCT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
6:3298090:C:CT	donor_loss	1.0000
6:3298217:TC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:3298218:CCT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

807 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
6:3259071:T:C	F17L	0.999
6:3259073:C:A	F17L	0.999
6:3259073:C:G	F17L	0.999
6:3259104:T:C	F28L	0.999
6:3259106:C:A	F28L	0.999
6:3259106:C:G	F28L	0.999
6:3259140:T:A	W40R	0.999
6:3259140:T:C	W40R	0.999
6:3259146:G:A	G42R	0.999
6:3259146:G:C	G42R	0.999
6:3259146:G:T	G42W	0.999
6:3259147:G:A	G42E	0.999
6:3259180:C:A	A53D	0.999
6:3263748:C:A	A80D	0.999
6:3267618:T:A	V93D	0.999
6:3267620:A:C	S94R	0.999
6:3267622:C:A	S94R	0.999
6:3267622:C:G	S94R	0.999
6:3267675:T:A	I112N	0.999
6:3267707:T:C	F123L	0.999
6:3267708:T:C	F123S	0.999
6:3267709:C:A	F123L	0.999
6:3267709:C:G	F123L	0.999
6:3259105:T:C	F28S	0.998
6:3259120:T:C	L33P	0.998
6:3259138:T:C	L39P	0.998
6:3259142:G:C	W40C	0.998
6:3259142:G:T	W40C	0.998
6:3259147:G:T	G42V	0.998
6:3259171:T:C	L50P	0.998

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000024859 (6:3257333 A>G), RS1000035343 (6:3261155 G>A), RS1000115373 (6:3255305 T>A), RS1000263555 (6:3254053 C>A,T), RS1000293049 (6:3253993 C>T), RS1000544705 (6:3257522 A>G), RS1000550946 (6:3255245 T>C), RS1000600851 (6:3254430 T>A,C,G), RS1000636257 (6:3265208 C>T), RS1000789580 (6:3255316 G>A), RS1000946164 (6:3255378 TTTG>T), RS1001027049 (6:3261937 C>A,G,T), RS1001192732 (6:3254465 CTT>C,CT,CTTT), RS1001396333 (6:3262515 C>G,T), RS1001465794 (6:3259164 C>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:617550 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

34 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST010796_4376	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	6.000000e-10
GCST010796_4377	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	1.000000e-10
GCST010796_4378	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	2.000000e-09
GCST010796_4379	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	1.000000e-08
GCST010796_4380	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	1.000000e-08
GCST010796_4423	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	7.000000e-13
GCST010796_4424	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	7.000000e-11
GCST010796_4425	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	7.000000e-10
GCST010796_4451	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	5.000000e-09
GCST010796_4452	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	1.000000e-08
GCST010796_4453	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	6.000000e-10
GCST010796_4454	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	5.000000e-10
GCST010796_4455	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	1.000000e-09
GCST010796_4456	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	2.000000e-08
GCST010796_4457	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	3.000000e-10
GCST010796_4458	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	9.000000e-12
GCST010796_4459	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	1.000000e-10
GCST010796_4460	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	3.000000e-12
GCST010796_4461	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	4.000000e-12
GCST010796_4462	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	1.000000e-10
GCST010796_4463	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	3.000000e-10
GCST010796_4464	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	4.000000e-11
GCST010796_4465	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	3.000000e-10
GCST010796_4466	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	1.000000e-08
GCST010796_4467	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	6.000000e-09
GCST010796_4468	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	3.000000e-10
GCST010796_4469	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	2.000000e-11
GCST010796_4470	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	2.000000e-11
GCST010796_4471	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	1.000000e-11
GCST010796_4472	Electrocardiogram morphology (amplitude at temporal datapoints)	4.000000e-11

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004327	electrocardiography

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

41 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
bisphenol A	affects expression, increases abundance, decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Tretinoin	decreases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
GSK-J4	decreases expression	1
ginger extract	affects cotreatment, affects expression, increases abundance	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
isobutyl alcohol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
jinfukang	increases expression	1
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	1
Temozolomide	increases expression	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants	affects expression, increases abundance	1
Cadmium	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Catechin	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Dimethyl Sulfoxide	increases expression	1
Ethyl Methanesulfonate	decreases expression	1
Formaldehyde	decreases expression	1
Gasoline	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Ivermectin	decreases expression	1
Ketoconazole	increases expression	1
Methyl Methanesulfonate	decreases expression	1
Oils, Volatile	affects cotreatment, affects expression, increases abundance	1
Ozone	affects expression, increases abundance	1
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Quercetin	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.