PTGES

Summary

PTGES (prostaglandin E synthase, HGNC:9599) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 9q34.11, encoding Prostaglandin E synthase (O14684). Terminal enzyme of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-mediated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) biosynthetic pathway.

The protein encoded by this gene is a glutathione-dependent prostaglandin E synthase. The expression of this gene has been shown to be induced by proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL1B). Its expression can also be induced by tumor suppressor protein TP53, and may be involved in TP53 induced apoptosis. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this gene may contribute to the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis and mediate acute pain during inflammatory responses.

Source: NCBI Gene 9536 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 23 total
• Druggable target: yes — 14 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• MANE Select transcript: NM_004878

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:9599
Approved symbol	PTGES
Name	prostaglandin E synthase
Location	9q34.11
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	mPGES-1, MGST-IV, PIG12, MGST1-L1, TP53I12
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000148344
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	605172
Entrez	9536

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 2 — 1 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000340607, ENST00000481476

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_004878 NM_004878

CCDS: CCDS6927

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000340607 — 3 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001389095	129752887	129753042
ENSE00003575415	129748655	129748737
ENSE00003590714	129738349	129739860

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 224 present calls, max score 97.03.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 33.0914 / max 974.6950, expressed in 1392 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
102756	25.9381	1348
102757	4.8984	991
102755	2.2249	616
102758	0.0300	14

Top tissues by expression

277 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	97.03	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	92.15	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	91.26	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	91.19	gold quality
cartilage tissue	UBERON:0002418	90.90	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	90.51	gold quality
mucosa of urinary bladder	UBERON:0001259	90.22	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	89.13	gold quality
nipple	UBERON:0002030	88.55	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	88.44	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	88.41	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	88.33	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	88.15	silver quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	88.12	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	87.58	gold quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	87.17	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	86.76	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	86.31	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	85.86	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	85.51	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	84.86	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	84.55	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	84.35	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	84.22	silver quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	83.66	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	83.35	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	83.05	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	82.90	gold quality
uterine cervix	UBERON:0000002	82.42	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	82.35	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 6 experiment(s), a significant marker in 5.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-8142	yes	3184.96
E-MTAB-6308	yes	485.43
E-MTAB-7052	yes	192.91
E-MTAB-6678	yes	17.44
E-MTAB-7303	no	30.73
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CEBPB, CREB1, EGR1, ESR1, HDAC4, HIF1A, IRF6, NFKB1, NFKB, PPARG, RELA, SP1, SP3

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

46 targeting PTGES, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-8485	100.00	77.57	4731
HSA-MIR-4533	100.00	69.48	2758
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-1184	99.99	68.19	1458
HSA-MIR-3148	99.97	75.06	6478
HSA-MIR-6780A-5P	99.88	66.69	2776
HSA-MIR-3941	99.86	70.54	2735
HSA-MIR-4728-5P	99.85	69.39	4718
HSA-MIR-6785-5P	99.82	68.68	4428
HSA-MIR-1273H-5P	99.77	66.32	2471
HSA-MIR-149-3P	99.72	68.22	3963
HSA-MIR-30B-3P	99.70	65.76	2325
HSA-MIR-3689A-3P	99.70	65.73	2306
HSA-MIR-3689B-3P	99.70	65.71	2311
HSA-MIR-3689C	99.70	65.71	2311
HSA-MIR-6779-5P	99.70	65.76	2363
HSA-MIR-1208	99.70	68.28	1533
HSA-MIR-6883-5P	99.69	68.05	3785
HSA-MIR-1249-5P	99.61	66.55	2049
HSA-MIR-6797-5P	99.61	66.55	2084
HSA-MIR-7106-5P	99.53	67.47	3574
HSA-MIR-4489	99.50	65.56	785
HSA-MIR-508-5P	99.41	64.25	1248
HSA-MIR-130A-5P	99.33	70.26	2623
HSA-MIR-4478	99.07	65.16	2320
HSA-MIR-622	98.99	66.48	1050
HSA-MIR-3194-3P	98.83	66.22	1167
HSA-MIR-6827-5P	98.46	64.88	1256
HSA-MIR-6516-5P	98.42	70.19	1551
HSA-MIR-5589-5P	98.34	64.82	1148

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• PGES upregulates PGE2 production in human thyrocytes (PMID:12145315)
• no significant change in prostaglandin E synthase protein or mRNA levels at labor indicates that alterations at other points of arachidonic acid metabolism pathway may be of greater importance in affecting local changes in PGE(2) (PMID:12414902)
• IL-1beta-triggered-PGE2 biosynthesis in endothelial cells is probably regulated by induction of both COX-2 and PGE-S. (PMID:12512699)
• It does NOT appear that expression of PGES is the rate-limiting step in PGE2 synthesis in fetal membranes at labor. (PMID:12519887)
• results collectively suggest that aberrant expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in combination with cyclooxygenase-2 can contribute to tumorigenesis (PMID:12626523)
• The microsomal, glutathione dependent enzyme is characterized. (PMID:12664599)
• The purification, kinetics and structure of this microsomal enzyme are determined. (PMID:12672824)
• the expression of prostaglandin E synthase mRNA did not change with labor in full membranes or placenta (PMID:12721500)
• It appears that both the Sp1 and Sp3 proteins are important for the basal expression of PGES, mutational analysis of two Barbie-box elements in the PGES promoter showed that these were not involved in the down-regulation of PGES by phenobarbital (PB). (PMID:12818425)
• mPGES-2 is a unique PGES that can be coupled with both COXs and may play a role in the production of the PGE2 involved in both tissue homeostasis and disease. (PMID:12835322)
• role for NF-kappaB in the co-ordinate induction of COX-2, mPGES and in the corresponding release of PGE2 by IL-1beta (PMID:12860389)
• Enhancement of mPGES expression by PGE(2) via the EP2/EP4 receptors with an increase in cAMP may play an important role in articular inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (PMID:14558087)
• Co-induction of COX-2 and mPGES in cells of the macula densa suggests that PGE(2) activates renin secretion in humans. (PMID:14630996)
• mPGES, as well as COX-2, can be stimulated by cytokines, potentially contributing to increased prostaglandin production at time of infection-driven preterm labor. (PMID:14671209)
• COX-2 and mPGES-1 are overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (PMID:14871981)
• mPGES-1 and Egr-1 are novel targets of PPARgamma and inhibition of mPGES-1 gene transcription may be one of the mechanisms by which PPARgamma regulates inflammatory responses (PMID:15023995)
• The demonstration of mPGES-1 expression in synovial tissues from patients with rheumatoid arthritis suggests a role for mPGES-1 in the disease process. (PMID:15188353)
• cigarette smoke induced 25-fold increase in microsomal prostaglandin E synthase, the key enzyme involved in the production of PGE2 (PMID:15234907)
• microsomal PGES-1 regulates PGE2 production in gingival fibroblasts stimulated by inflammatory mediators IL-1beta and TNFa (PMID:15379214)
• Is this okay for pge synthase 1? PGH synthase-2, CYP4F8, and PGE synthase-1 likely forms 19-hydroxy-PGE compounds in seminal vesicles and vas deferens (PMID:15789615)
• mPGES-1 expression is upregulated in osteoarthritis versus normal cartilage and proinflammatory cytokines increased mPGES-1 expression in chondrocytes (PMID:15868626)
• Significantly higher expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase is associated with metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (PMID:15870920)
• Patients with carotid atherosclerosis depict an overexpression of COX-2, mPGES-1 and EPs in blood mononuclear cells and plaque of patients with carotid atherosclerosis regulated by nuclear factor-kappaB (PMID:16212965)
• These findings demonstrate a coordinated induction of COX-2 and mPGES-1 by PDB/TG that proceeds through PKC/ERK and Ca2+ signaling cascades, resulting in increased PGE2 production. (PMID:16598755)
• mPGES-1 plays a critical role in promoting astroglioma cell growth via PGE(2)-dependent activation of type II PKA (PMID:16891468)
• Microsomal prostaglandin e synthase-1 overexpression is associated with human non-small-cell lung cancer (PMID:16952028)
• Results suggest that expression of microsomal PGES in addition to COX-2 plays a role in increasing PGE(2) production in endometriosis. (PMID:17295901)
• Regulation of the microsomal PTGES in polarized mononuclear phagocytes and its constitutive expression in neutrophils were studied. (PMID:17505022)
• The findings suggests that mPGES-1 might play a role in pathogenesis of atheroscleros and modulation of inflammatory process involved in plaque stability. (PMID:17680542)
• Demonstrate increased microsomal prostaglandin E synthase in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues from patients with viral hepatitis. (PMID:17696939)
• Carbonyl reductase-1 (CBR1), microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 and 2 (mPGES-1, mPGES-2), cytosolic prostaglandin E synthase (cPGES), aldoketoreductase (AKR1C1) and prostaglandin F synthase (AKR1C3) were all expressed in hair follicles. (PMID:17697149)
• mPGES-1 siRNA down-regulates mPGES-1 expression, and neither mPGES-2 nor cPGES substituted for mPGES-1 in a knockdown setting in gingival fibroblasts. (PMID:17707523)
• PAR2 stimulation up-regulated mPGES-1 as well as COX-2, but not mPGES-2 or cPGES, leading to PGE(2) formation. (PMID:17708577)
• The results of this study results support a role for NFkappaB in cytokine-induced prostaglandin E synthase expression in amnion mesenchymal cells in vitro. (PMID:17928629)
• microparticles up-regulate the production of PGE(2) in synovial fibroblasts by inducing COX-2 and mPGES-1 in rheumatoid arthritis (PMID:17968936)
• Transcription factor HIF-1alpha is involved in the up-regulation of mPGES-1 and may therefore play an important role in the metabolism of osteoarthritic cartilage. (PMID:18050215)
• Results show that GPx2 by compartmentalized removal of hydroperoxides silences COX-2 activity and suppresses PGE(2)-dependent COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression. (PMID:18479189)
• 7-hydroxyandrosterone decreased mPGES-1 expression. (PMID:18555503)
• microsomal prostaglandin-E synthase is normally expressed constitutively in human neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells but is up-regulated in Alzheimer’s disease (PMID:18631945)
• R126A and R126Q mPGES-1 exhibit a novel, glutathione-dependent, reductase activity, which allows conversion of prostaglandin H2 into prostaglandin F2alpha. (PMID:18984580)

Cross-species orthologs

6 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	ptges	ENSDARG00000020136
mus_musculus	Ptges	ENSMUSG00000050737
rattus_norvegicus	Ptges	ENSRNOG00000076770
drosophila_melanogaster	Mgstl	FBGN0025814
drosophila_melanogaster	CG33177	FBGN0053177
drosophila_melanogaster	CG33178	FBGN0053178

Paralogs (1): MGST1 (ENSG00000008394)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Prostaglandin E synthase — O14684 (reviewed: O14684)

Alternative names: Glutathione peroxidase PTGES, Glutathione transferase PTGES, Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1-like 1, Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1, p53-induced gene 12 protein

All UniProt accessions (1): O14684

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Terminal enzyme of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-mediated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) biosynthetic pathway. Catalyzes the glutathione-dependent oxidoreduction of prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 (PGH2) to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in response to inflammatory stimuli. Plays a key role in inflammation response, fever and pain. Also catalyzes the oxidoreduction of endocannabinoids into prostaglandin glycerol esters and PGG2 into 15-hydroperoxy-PGE2. In addition, displays low glutathione transferase and glutathione-dependent peroxidase activities, toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 5-hydroperoxyicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE), respectively.

Subunit / interactions. Homotrimer.

Subcellular location. Membrane. Cytoplasm. Perinuclear region.

Activity regulation. Induced by interleukin IL1B.

Induction. Induced by the interleukin IL1B. Induced By p53/TP53.

Pathway. Lipid metabolism; prostaglandin biosynthesis.

Similarity. Belongs to the MAPEG family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_004869* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001129	Membr-assoc_MAPEG	Family
IPR023352	MAPEG-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR040162	MGST1-like	Family

Pfam: PF01124

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 5.3.99.3 — prostaglandin-E synthase (BRENDA: 17 organisms, 30 substrates, 487 inhibitors, 29 Km, 6 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

8 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 8. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
PROSTAGLANDIN H2	0.0149–0.5345	16
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9ALPHA,11ALPHA-EPIDIOXY-15-HYDROX	0.0024–0.16	4
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9A,11A-EPIDIOXY-15-HYDROXYPROSTA-	0.13–1.61	3
GLUTATHIONE	0.6–0.75	3
PROSTAGLANDIN G1	0.05	1
PROSTAGLANDIN G2	0.16	1
PROSTAGLANDIN H1	0.01	1
PROSTAGLANDINE G2	—	0

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 5 shown:

• prostaglandin H2 = prostaglandin E2 (RHEA:12893)
• (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O (RHEA:48620)
• 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+) (RHEA:51220)
• 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin E2 (RHEA:53324)
• prostaglandin G2 = (15S)-15-hydroperoxy-prostaglandin E2 (RHEA:64364)

UniProt features (46 total): mutagenesis site 21, helix 7, binding site 5, topological domain 4, transmembrane region 4, site 2, chain 1, sequence conflict 1, strand 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

18 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
4AL0	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.16
5TL9	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.2
5K0I	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.3
5T36	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.4
6VL4	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.4
4YL1	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.41
4YL3	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.41
4YK5	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.42
5BQG	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.44
4YL0	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.52
5BQH	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.6
5T37	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.76
8PYV	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.77
5BQI	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.88
4AL1	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.95
4BPM	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.08
4WAB	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
3DWW	ELECTRON CRYSTALLOGRAPHY	3.5

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-O14684-F1	96.25	0.94

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (2): 49 (essential for protaglandin-e synthase activity); 126 (essential for protaglandin-e synthase activity)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (5): 73–77; 113; 117; 126–130; 38

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (21):

Position	Phenotype
36	keeps about 40-50% of prostaglandin-e synthase activity.
49	loss of prostaglandin-e synthase activity.
66	reduces protaglandin-e synthase activity by 50%.
67	loss of prostaglandin-e synthase activity.
70	slightly reduced protaglandin-e synthase activity.
70	no effect on protaglandin-e synthase activity.
72	reduces protaglandin-e synthase activity by 70%.
73	retains partial of protaglandin-e synthase activity.
73	loss of protaglandin-e synthase activity.
110	loss of protaglandin-e synthase activity.
110	retains 17.8% of protaglandin-e synthase activity.
114	retains 21.3% activity of protaglandin-e synthase activity.
117	loss of protaglandin-e synthase activity.
117	no effect on protaglandin-e synthase activity.
126	loss of prostaglandin-e synthase activity.
126	loss of prostaglandin-e synthase activity. transforms prostaglandin-e synthase activity to prostaglandin-f(2alpha)syntha
127	no effect on protaglandin-e synthase activity.
130	loss of protaglandin-e synthase activity.
134	keeps about 40-50% of prostaglandin-e synthase activity.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-2162123	Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)

MSigDB gene sets: 308 (showing top): GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD11B_DC_DN, GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_BCELL_UP, CREL_01, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_ICOSANOID_SECRETION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_PROSTAGLANDIN_SECRETION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_ORGANIC_ACID_TRANSPORT, GOBP_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_HEAT_GENERATION, GOBP_LONG_CHAIN_FATTY_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_MONOCARBOXYLIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GGGTGGRR_PAX4_03, PRAMOONJAGO_SOX4_TARGETS_DN, GOBP_ORGANIC_ACID_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_LIPID_TRANSPORT, BRUECKNER_TARGETS_OF_MIRLET7A3_DN

GO Biological Process (14): prostaglandin biosynthetic process (GO:0001516), prostaglandin metabolic process (GO:0006693), signal transduction (GO:0007165), cell population proliferation (GO:0008283), negative regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008285), sensory perception of pain (GO:0019233), cyclooxygenase pathway (GO:0019371), regulation of fever generation (GO:0031620), positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion (GO:0032308), regulation of inflammatory response (GO:0050727), lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629), fatty acid metabolic process (GO:0006631), fatty acid biosynthetic process (GO:0006633), cellular oxidant detoxification (GO:0098869)

GO Molecular Function (9): glutathione transferase activity (GO:0004364), glutathione peroxidase activity (GO:0004602), prostaglandin-D synthase activity (GO:0004667), glutathione binding (GO:0043295), prostaglandin-E synthase activity (GO:0050220), protein binding (GO:0005515), oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491), transferase activity (GO:0016740), isomerase activity (GO:0016853)

GO Cellular Component (5): nuclear envelope lumen (GO:0005641), endoplasmic reticulum membrane (GO:0005789), membrane (GO:0016020), perinuclear region of cytoplasm (GO:0048471), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Arachidonate metabolism	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
catalytic activity	3
cellular anatomical structure	3
cellular process	2
intramolecular oxidoreductase activity	2
prostaglandin metabolic process	1
prostanoid biosynthetic process	1
prostanoid metabolic process	1
cell communication	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
cell population proliferation	1
regulation of cell population proliferation	1
negative regulation of cellular process	1
sensory perception	1
prostaglandin biosynthetic process	1
arachidonate metabolic process	1
fever generation	1
regulation of acute inflammatory response	1
regulation of heat generation	1
positive regulation of icosanoid secretion	1
regulation of prostaglandin secretion	1
prostaglandin secretion	1
positive regulation of secretion by cell	1
inflammatory response	1
regulation of defense response	1
regulation of response to external stimulus	1
primary metabolic process	1
lipid metabolic process	1
monocarboxylic acid metabolic process	1
fatty acid metabolic process	1
lipid biosynthetic process	1
monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process	1
cellular detoxification	1
transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups	1
peroxidase activity	1
anion binding	1
modified amino acid binding	1
oligopeptide binding	1
sulfur compound binding	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1096 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
PTGES	PTGES3	Q15185	971
PTGES	PTGES2	Q9H7Z7	891
PTGES	PTGER4	P35408	872
PTGES	LTC4S	Q16873	870
PTGES	MGST2	Q99735	850
PTGES	ALOX5AP	P20292	847
PTGES	PTGS2	P35354	829
PTGES	MGST3	O14880	828
PTGES	IL1B	P01584	772
PTGES	PTGER3	P43115	749
PTGES	PTGS1	P23219	742
PTGES	PTGER2	P43116	736
PTGES	HPGD	P15428	723
PTGES	PTGIS	Q16647	715
PTGES	PTGER1	P34995	713

IntAct

63 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.710
CFTR	HAX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.610
SMCO4	PTGES	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SEC22A	PTGES	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GIMAP5	PTGES	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SERP2	PTGES	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
YIF1A	PTGES	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TMEM19	PTGES	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
VAMP3	PTGES	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PTGES	GIMAP1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PTGES	BET1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PTGES	TMEM222	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PTGES	PLP2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PTGES	SMCO4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PTGES	TMEM65	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PTGES	SEC22A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PTGES	GIMAP5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PTGES	SERP2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PTGES	YIF1A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PTGES	EHHADH	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PTGES	VAPB	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PTGES	VAMP4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560

BioGRID (30): PTGES (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGES (Reconstituted Complex), PTGES (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGES (Two-hybrid), PTGES (Two-hybrid), PTGES (Two-hybrid), PTGES (Two-hybrid), PTGES (Two-hybrid), PTGES (Two-hybrid), PTGES (Two-hybrid), PTGES (Two-hybrid), SERP2 (Two-hybrid), C4orf3 (Two-hybrid), TMEM65 (Two-hybrid), SMCO4 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A2I1C3V3, A0SYQ0, A1L2F6, A2RST1, A4DA06, A6XA80, A8X8R3, J7FIJ6, O14684, O14880, O74507, O94511, P08011, P0DN89, P10620, P64515, P64516, P70245, P73795, P79382, Q15125, Q16873, Q17428, Q28GF8, Q296J9, Q2KJG4, Q2NKS0, Q3T100, Q41745, Q54GA9, Q57ZC7, Q5R9A6, Q60490, Q60860, Q64L89, Q6GNM0, Q6GPW4, Q6PWL6, Q8HZJ2, Q91VS7

Diamond homologs: A0SYQ0, O14684, P08011, P10620, P79382, Q64L89, Q6PWL6, Q8HZJ2, Q91VS7, Q95L14, Q9JHF3, Q9JM51

SIGNOR signaling

3 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
EGR1	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	PTGES	“transcriptional regulation”
PTGES	“up-regulates quantity”	“prostaglandin E2”	“chemical modification”
2,5-dimethylcelecoxib	“down-regulates activity”	PTGES	“post transcriptional regulation”

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 28 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport	5	30.9×	1e-04
protein transport	5	10.0×	6e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

23 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	16
Likely benign	3
Benign	3

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

585 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
9:129739857:GGCCC:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
9:129739858:GCC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:129739858:GCCC:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
9:129739859:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:129739859:CCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:129739860:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:129739860:CCT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
9:129739861:C:CA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
9:129739862:T:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
9:129752883:ATAC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
9:129752884:TACCT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
9:129752885:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
9:129752885:A:T	donor_loss	1.0000
9:129752886:C:CA	donor_loss	1.0000
9:129752886:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
9:129752886:CCTT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
9:129739856:GGGCC:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
9:129739857:GGCC:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
9:129739861:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
9:129739861:C:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
9:129752885:AC:A	donor_gain	0.9800
9:129752886:CC:C	donor_gain	0.9800
9:129752885:ACCTT:A	donor_gain	0.9700
9:129752886:CCTTC:C	donor_gain	0.9700
9:129748647:GTACT:G	donor_loss	0.9600
9:129748648:TACT:T	donor_loss	0.9600
9:129748649:ACT:A	donor_loss	0.9600
9:129748650:CTTG:C	donor_loss	0.9600
9:129748651:TT:T	donor_loss	0.9600
9:129748652:T:TG	donor_loss	0.9600

AlphaMissense

984 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
9:129748732:A:C	F44L	0.996
9:129748732:A:T	F44L	0.996
9:129748734:A:G	F44L	0.996
9:129739824:G:C	F82L	0.990
9:129739824:G:T	F82L	0.990
9:129739826:A:G	F82L	0.990
9:129752953:G:C	S20R	0.989
9:129752953:G:T	S20R	0.989
9:129752955:T:G	S20R	0.989
9:129739852:C:G	R73P	0.986
9:129748719:C:G	D49H	0.985
9:129739814:C:G	G86R	0.983
9:129739813:C:T	G86D	0.981
9:129748717:A:C	D49E	0.980
9:129748717:A:T	D49E	0.980
9:129739846:T:A	D75V	0.976
9:129748718:T:C	D49G	0.976
9:129748733:A:C	F44C	0.976
9:129752909:C:T	G35D	0.976
9:129748733:A:G	F44S	0.975
9:129739847:C:G	D75H	0.974
9:129739840:T:A	E77V	0.973
9:129739733:G:C	H113D	0.972
9:129748718:T:G	D49A	0.972
9:129748719:C:T	D49N	0.972
9:129752900:C:G	R38T	0.972
9:129739694:G:T	R126S	0.971
9:129739848:G:C	N74K	0.971
9:129739848:G:T	N74K	0.971
9:129752899:C:A	R38S	0.971

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000061343 (9:129754033 C>A), RS1000089082 (9:129740978 G>A), RS1000134821 (9:129754180 C>T), RS1000397575 (9:129752113 A>G), RS1000428647 (9:129751864 G>A), RS1000627468 (9:129744588 A>T), RS1000632800 (9:129739431 CAT>C,CATAT), RS1000725103 (9:129750699 T>G), RS1001005480 (9:129750644 T>C), RS1001063481 (9:129755034 C>T), RS1001432559 (9:129746229 G>A,T), RS1001662274 (9:129746127 T>G), RS1001865651 (9:129745937 G>A), RS1002185859 (9:129740190 C>T), RS1002486863 (9:129739085 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:605172 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST003831_43	Asthma	4.000000e-08
GCST009180_5	Pars orbitalis volume	2.000000e-06
GCST011773_36	Type 1 diabetes (age at diagnosis)	5.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004918	age at diagnosis

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (3): CHEMBL3885623 (PROTEIN FAMILY), CHEMBL4802030 (PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION), CHEMBL5658 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

14 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 514,416 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL118	CELECOXIB	4	112,844
CHEMBL15770	SULINDAC	4	80,712
CHEMBL6	INDOMETHACIN	4	156,366
CHEMBL603	ZAFIRLUKAST	4	23,220
CHEMBL93	ZILEUTON	4	21,372
CHEMBL140	CURCUMIN	3	93,882
CHEMBL256147	TILARGININE	3	2,020
CHEMBL297453	EPIGALOCATECHIN GALLATE	3	22,804
CHEMBL2107052	THIAMBUTOSINE	2	143
CHEMBL267225	BOSWELLIC ACID	2	37
CHEMBL300982	LICOFELONE	2	963
CHEMBL3694493	VIPOGLANSTAT	2	24
CHEMBL3934885	FRILUGLANSTAT	2	24
CHEMBL2152712	LY-3031207	1	5

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB clinical annotations

1 annotations.

Variant	Type	Level	Drugs	Phenotypes
rs2302821	Toxicity	3	celecoxib	Colorectal Neoplasms

PharmGKB variants

1 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs2302821	PTGES	3	2.50	1	celecoxib

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: enzyme — Prostaglandin synthases

Most potent curated ligand interactions (11 total), top 11:

Ligand	Action	Affinity	Parameter
LY3023703	Inhibition	9.03	pIC50
compound 44 [PMID: 19748780]	Inhibition	9.0	pIC50
MF63	Inhibition	8.89	pIC50
vipoglanstat	Inhibition	8.7	pIC50
AGU654	Inhibition	8.54	pIC50
compound 30 [PMID: 15953724]	Inhibition	8.52	pIC50
compound 39 [PMID: 23623673]	Inhibition	8.39	pIC50
friluglanstat	Inhibition	7.89	pIC50
zaloglanstat	Inhibition	7.3	pIC50
compound III [PMID: 24045148]	Inhibition	6.74	pIC50
crisdesalazine	Inhibition	6.6	pIC50

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

560 measured of 568 human assays (578 total across all organisms); most potent 50 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value	Patent
N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-6-[(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)amino]-2-[(3-methoxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)amino]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	0.1 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
2-(methoxymethyl)-N-thiophen-2-yl-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	0.1 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-6-[[2-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-2-(methoxymethyl)-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	0.1 nM	US-9732066: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
2-tert-butyl-N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	0.2 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-(2,2-dimethylpropylamino)-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	0.2 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
2-chloro-N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	0.3 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	0.3 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]ethylamino]-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	0.3 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	0.4 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-(cyclopentylamino)-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	0.4 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-piperidin-1-yl-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	0.4 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-6-[(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)amino]-2-(2-propan-2-yloxyethylamino)-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	0.4 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
6-[(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzoyl)amino]-N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-(2-propan-2-yloxyethylamino)-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	0.4 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-(1-chloro-2-methylpropan-2-yl)-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	0.5 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	0.5 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
6-[(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzoyl)amino]-N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(1-hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-yl)amino]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	0.5 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-cyclopropyl-6-[(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)amino]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	0.7 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-(2-methylpentan-2-yl)-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	0.8 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
N-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-6-[(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)amino]-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	0.9 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-N-(3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)-1-methyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)piperidin-1-yl]benzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8674113: Compounds
2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-6-(3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-methyl-N-(1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl)benzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8674113: Compounds
N-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-1-methyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)piperidin-1-yl]benzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8674113: Compounds
2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-1-methyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)piperidin-1-yl]benzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8674113: Compounds
2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-N-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-1-methyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)piperidin-1-yl]benzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8674113: Compounds
6-(3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-yl)-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-1-methylbenzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8674113: Compounds
2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-6-morpholin-4-yl-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8674113: Compounds
2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl]-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)piperidin-1-yl]benzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8674113: Compounds
2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)piperidin-1-yl]benzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8674113: Compounds
2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-6-[3-(difluoromethoxy)azetidin-1-yl]-1-methyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8674113: Compounds
2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-1-methyl-6-[methyl(prop-2-ynyl)amino]-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8674113: Compounds
2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-1-methyl-6-[methyl-[(1-methylcyclopropyl)methyl]amino]-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8674113: Compounds
6-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-1-methyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8674113: Compounds
N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-6-fluoro-1-methylbenzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8759537: 3H-imidazo [4, 5-C] pyridine-6-carboxamides as anti-inflammatory agents
N-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-6-fluoro-1-methylbenzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8759537: 3H-imidazo [4, 5-C] pyridine-6-carboxamides as anti-inflammatory agents
N-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-6-fluoro-1-methylbenzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8759537: 3H-imidazo [4, 5-C] pyridine-6-carboxamides as anti-inflammatory agents
N-(3-chloro-5-fluorophenyl)-2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-6-fluoro-1-methylbenzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8759537: 3H-imidazo [4, 5-C] pyridine-6-carboxamides as anti-inflammatory agents
6-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-2-[3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]-2,6-difluoroanilino]-N-(3-fluorophenyl)-1-methylbenzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8759537: 3H-imidazo [4, 5-C] pyridine-6-carboxamides as anti-inflammatory agents
2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[[(3,3-difluoroazetidine-1-carbonyl)amino]methyl]anilino]-6-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-1-methyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8759537: 3H-imidazo [4, 5-C] pyridine-6-carboxamides as anti-inflammatory agents
2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[[(2-methylpyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]methyl]anilino]-6-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-1-methyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8759537: 3H-imidazo [4, 5-C] pyridine-6-carboxamides as anti-inflammatory agents
2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-6-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-1-methyl-N-(2,3,6-trifluorophenyl)benzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8759537: 3H-imidazo [4, 5-C] pyridine-6-carboxamides as anti-inflammatory agents
N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-6-(2-fluoroethoxy)-1-methylbenzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8759537: 3H-imidazo [4, 5-C] pyridine-6-carboxamides as anti-inflammatory agents
N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)-1-methylbenzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8759537: 3H-imidazo [4, 5-C] pyridine-6-carboxamides as anti-inflammatory agents
N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-2-[2,6-dichloro-3-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]anilino]-1-methyl-6-(oxolan-3-yloxy)benzimidazole-5-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-8759537: 3H-imidazo [4, 5-C] pyridine-6-carboxamides as anti-inflammatory agents
2-tert-butyl-N-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-6-[(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)amino]-2-[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(3S)-3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)amino]-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-6-[(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)amino]-2-(dimethylamino)-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
N-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-2-(dimethylamino)-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug
N-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-2-cyclopropyl-6-[(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)amino]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	IC50	1 nM	US-9216968: Heterocyclic derivative and pharmaceutical drug

ChEMBL bioactivities

2584 potent at pChembl≥5 of 2649 total, top 50 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
11.00	IC50	0.01	nM	CHEMBL5827042
10.70	IC50	0.02	nM	CHEMBL5775016
10.22	IC50	0.06	nM	CHEMBL6033854
10.00	IC50	0.1	nM	CHEMBL3342696
10.00	Ki	0.1	nM	CHEMBL3342696
10.00	IC50	0.1	nM	CHEMBL3896436
10.00	IC50	0.1	nM	CHEMBL3971013
10.00	IC50	0.1	nM	CHEMBL4444875
9.96	IC50	0.11	nM	CHEMBL5877581
9.96	IC50	0.11	nM	CHEMBL5965838
9.89	IC50	0.13	nM	CHEMBL5850581
9.74	IC50	0.18	nM	CHEMBL5803627
9.70	IC50	0.2	nM	CHEMBL3956115
9.70	IC50	0.2	nM	CHEMBL3981545
9.66	IC50	0.22	nM	CHEMBL6148535
9.52	IC50	0.3	nM	CHEMBL3930662
9.52	IC50	0.3	nM	CHEMBL3899486
9.52	IC50	0.3	nM	CHEMBL3962760
9.51	IC50	0.31	nM	CHEMBL6001700
9.40	IC50	0.4	nM	CHEMBL567696
9.40	IC50	0.4	nM	CHEMBL3979324
9.40	IC50	0.4	nM	CHEMBL3952794
9.40	IC50	0.4	nM	CHEMBL3892483
9.40	IC50	0.4	nM	CHEMBL3926077
9.40	IC50	0.4	nM	CHEMBL3897304
9.32	IC50	0.48	nM	CHEMBL5969766
9.32	IC50	0.48	nM	CHEMBL5905258
9.30	IC50	0.5	nM	CHEMBL3920661
9.30	IC50	0.5	nM	CHEMBL3970074
9.30	IC50	0.5	nM	CHEMBL3960895
9.24	IC50	0.57	nM	CHEMBL6108989
9.15	IC50	0.7	nM	CHEMBL3962924
9.15	IC50	0.7	nM	CHEMBL482674
9.12	IC50	0.76	nM	CHEMBL5862163
9.11	IC50	0.78	nM	CHEMBL5917520
9.10	IC50	0.8	nM	CHEMBL3984205
9.10	IC50	0.8	nM	CHEMBL483894
9.07	IC50	0.86	nM	CHEMBL5806202
9.06	IC50	0.88	nM	CHEMBL5842036
9.05	IC50	0.9	nM	CHEMBL3342693
9.05	IC50	0.9	nM	CHEMBL3902537
9.05	IC50	0.9	nM	CHEMBL521285
9.03	IC50	0.94	nM	CHEMBL3342693
9.00	IC50	1	nM	CHEMBL412099
9.00	IC50	1	nM	CHEMBL3604189
9.00	IC50	1	nM	CHEMBL1683210
9.00	IC50	1	nM	CHEMBL1289402
9.00	IC50	1	nM	CHEMBL565406
9.00	IC50	1	nM	CHEMBL3938686
9.00	IC50	1	nM	CHEMBL3956184

PubChem BioAssay actives

1428 with measured affinity, of 2650 total; 50 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
2-[2-chloro-5-[[[1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]amino]methyl]anilino]-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-6-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-1-methylbenzimidazole-5-carboxamide	1625258: Inhibition of human mPGES-1 expressed in CHO-K1 cells using PGH2 as substrate assessed as PGE2 formation preincubated for 20 mins followed by addition of substrate measured after 60 secs by HTRF assay	ic50	0.0001	uM
N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-6-[[2-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-2-(methoxymethyl)-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide	1166408: Inhibition of human mPGES-1	ic50	0.0001	uM
2-[9-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-6-(3-methylbutoxy)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile	1239703: Inhibition of mPGES-1 in IL-1beta-stimulated human A549 cell microsomal membranes assessed as reduction in PGE2 formation incubated for 15 mins using PGH2 substrate by RP-HPLC method	ic50	0.0004	uM
2-[6-chloro-9-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile	596824: Inhibition of human microsomal PGES1 in cell-free system assessed as inhibition of conversion of PGH2 to PGE2 by HPLC assay	ic50	0.0007	uM
5-[5-bromo-2-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl]-2-[2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethynyl]pyridine	465972: Inhibition of mPGES1	ic50	0.0008	uM
2-[6-(2-cyclopropylethoxy)-9-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile	446412: Displacement of [3H]PGH2 from human recombinant PGES1 expressed in CHOK1 cells	ic50	0.0009	uM
2-(difluoromethyl)-5-[(2-methylpropanoylamino)methyl]-N-[5-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide	1166403: Inhibition of human mPGES-1 expressed in 293E cell microsomes using PGH2 substrate by LC/MS analysis1	ic50	0.0009	uM
2-[6-chloro-9-[2-(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)ethynyl]-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile	446412: Displacement of [3H]PGH2 from human recombinant PGES1 expressed in CHOK1 cells	ic50	0.0010	uM
2-[9-(2-cyclopropylethynyl)-6-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-ynyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile	446412: Displacement of [3H]PGH2 from human recombinant PGES1 expressed in CHOK1 cells	ic50	0.0010	uM
2-[6-chloro-9-(2-pyridin-4-ylethynyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile	446412: Displacement of [3H]PGH2 from human recombinant PGES1 expressed in CHOK1 cells	ic50	0.0010	uM
2-[6-chloro-9-(2-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile	446412: Displacement of [3H]PGH2 from human recombinant PGES1 expressed in CHOK1 cells	ic50	0.0010	uM
2-[6-chloro-9-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-ynyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile	446412: Displacement of [3H]PGH2 from human recombinant PGES1 expressed in CHOK1 cells	ic50	0.0010	uM
(4S)-N-[4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]-3,3-dimethyl-1-(8-methylquinolin-2-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamide	1319328: Inhibition of human mPGES-1 expressed in 293E cells assessed as reduction in conversion of PGH2 to PGE2 after 1.5 min by LC/MS analysis	ic50	0.0010	uM
(4S)-N-[(1S,3S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]-3,3-dimethyl-1-(8-methylquinolin-2-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamide	1319328: Inhibition of human mPGES-1 expressed in 293E cells assessed as reduction in conversion of PGH2 to PGE2 after 1.5 min by LC/MS analysis	ic50	0.0010	uM
1-[[3-(2-phenylethynyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-propan-2-yl-1-[[3-(2-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)phenyl]methyl]urea	1239703: Inhibition of mPGES-1 in IL-1beta-stimulated human A549 cell microsomal membranes assessed as reduction in PGE2 formation incubated for 15 mins using PGH2 substrate by RP-HPLC method	ic50	0.0010	uM
2-[2-[(1S,2S)-2-[[1-(8-methylquinolin-2-yl)piperidine-4-carbonyl]amino]cyclopentyl]ethyl]benzoic acid	1432466: Inhibition of human mPGES1 expressed in HEK293 microsomes assessed as reduction in PGE2 production using PGH2 as substrate after 2.5 mins by LC-MS analysis	ic50	0.0010	uM
4-methyl-2-[2-[(1S,2S)-2-[[1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperidine-4-carbonyl]amino]cyclopentyl]ethyl]benzoic acid	1432466: Inhibition of human mPGES1 expressed in HEK293 microsomes assessed as reduction in PGE2 production using PGH2 as substrate after 2.5 mins by LC-MS analysis	ic50	0.0010	uM
2-[2-[(1S,2S)-2-[[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]piperidine-4-carbonyl]amino]cyclopentyl]ethyl]benzoic acid	1432466: Inhibition of human mPGES1 expressed in HEK293 microsomes assessed as reduction in PGE2 production using PGH2 as substrate after 2.5 mins by LC-MS analysis	ic50	0.0010	uM
4-fluoro-2-[2-[(1S,2S)-2-[[1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperidine-4-carbonyl]amino]cyclopentyl]ethyl]benzoic acid	1432466: Inhibition of human mPGES1 expressed in HEK293 microsomes assessed as reduction in PGE2 production using PGH2 as substrate after 2.5 mins by LC-MS analysis	ic50	0.0010	uM
4-chloro-2-[2-[(1S,2S)-2-[[1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperidine-4-carbonyl]amino]cyclopentyl]ethyl]benzoic acid	1432466: Inhibition of human mPGES1 expressed in HEK293 microsomes assessed as reduction in PGE2 production using PGH2 as substrate after 2.5 mins by LC-MS analysis	ic50	0.0010	uM
2-[9-ethyl-6-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-ynyl)-3H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile	446412: Displacement of [3H]PGH2 from human recombinant PGES1 expressed in CHOK1 cells	ic50	0.0010	uM
2-(6-chloro-3H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile	446412: Displacement of [3H]PGH2 from human recombinant PGES1 expressed in CHOK1 cells	ic50	0.0010	uM
2-[6-(2-cyclopropylethoxy)-9-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl]-5-fluorobenzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile	1239703: Inhibition of mPGES-1 in IL-1beta-stimulated human A549 cell microsomal membranes assessed as reduction in PGE2 formation incubated for 15 mins using PGH2 substrate by RP-HPLC method	ic50	0.0010	uM
2-[9-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-6-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile	446412: Displacement of [3H]PGH2 from human recombinant PGES1 expressed in CHOK1 cells	ic50	0.0010	uM
2-[6-bromo-2-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-9-yl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol	446412: Displacement of [3H]PGH2 from human recombinant PGES1 expressed in CHOK1 cells	ic50	0.0010	uM
2-[6-chloro-9-(3-cyanopropoxy)-3H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile	446412: Displacement of [3H]PGH2 from human recombinant PGES1 expressed in CHOK1 cells	ic50	0.0010	uM
2-[6-chloro-9-(2-pyrrol-1-ylethoxy)-3H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile	446412: Displacement of [3H]PGH2 from human recombinant PGES1 expressed in CHOK1 cells	ic50	0.0010	uM
5-[5-bromo-2-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl]-2-(2-phenylethynyl)pyridine	1239703: Inhibition of mPGES-1 in IL-1beta-stimulated human A549 cell microsomal membranes assessed as reduction in PGE2 formation incubated for 15 mins using PGH2 substrate by RP-HPLC method	ic50	0.0010	uM
1-[[3-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethynyl]phenyl]methyl]-3-propan-2-yl-1-[[3-(2-pyridin-2-ylethynyl)phenyl]methyl]urea	580217: Inhibition of mPGES1	ic50	0.0010	uM
1-[[3-(2-cyclopropylethynyl)phenyl]methyl]-1-[[3-(2-phenylethynyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-propan-2-ylurea	1239703: Inhibition of mPGES-1 in IL-1beta-stimulated human A549 cell microsomal membranes assessed as reduction in PGE2 formation incubated for 15 mins using PGH2 substrate by RP-HPLC method	ic50	0.0010	uM
1-[[3-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethynyl]phenyl]methyl]-3-propan-2-yl-1-[[3-(2-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)phenyl]methyl]urea	580217: Inhibition of mPGES1	ic50	0.0010	uM
3-[4-(3-cyanopropoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]benzo[f]quinoline-1-carboxylic acid	733351: Inhibition of full-length microsomal PGES-1 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta(DE3) using PGH2 as substrate assessed as inhibition of PGH2 conversion to PGE2 incubated 15 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 1 min by EIA	ic50	0.0011	uM
(4-phenylmethoxyphenyl) N-(3-chloroanilino)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonylcarbamate	1851442: Inhibition of human mPGES-1 assessed as reduction in PGE2 production	ic50	0.0012	uM
2-[(3Z)-3-[3-(carboxymethyl)-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene]-2-oxoindol-1-yl]acetic acid	733351: Inhibition of full-length microsomal PGES-1 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta(DE3) using PGH2 as substrate assessed as inhibition of PGH2 conversion to PGE2 incubated 15 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 1 min by EIA	ic50	0.0018	uM
2-[6-chloro-9-(3-methoxyprop-1-ynyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile	446412: Displacement of [3H]PGH2 from human recombinant PGES1 expressed in CHOK1 cells	ic50	0.0020	uM
2-[6-chloro-9-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-3H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile	446412: Displacement of [3H]PGH2 from human recombinant PGES1 expressed in CHOK1 cells	ic50	0.0020	uM
(4S)-N-[(2S,4S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]-3,3-dimethyl-1-(8-methylquinolin-2-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamide	1319328: Inhibition of human mPGES-1 expressed in 293E cells assessed as reduction in conversion of PGH2 to PGE2 after 1.5 min by LC/MS analysis	ic50	0.0020	uM
2-[2-[(1S,2S)-2-[[1-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]piperidine-4-carbonyl]amino]cyclopentyl]ethyl]benzoic acid	1432466: Inhibition of human mPGES1 expressed in HEK293 microsomes assessed as reduction in PGE2 production using PGH2 as substrate after 2.5 mins by LC-MS analysis	ic50	0.0020	uM
2-[2-[(1S,2S)-2-[[1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperidine-4-carbonyl]amino]cyclopentyl]ethyl]benzoic acid	1432466: Inhibition of human mPGES1 expressed in HEK293 microsomes assessed as reduction in PGE2 production using PGH2 as substrate after 2.5 mins by LC-MS analysis	ic50	0.0020	uM
4-chloro-2-[[(1R,2S)-2-[[1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperidine-4-carbonyl]amino]cyclopentyl]methoxy]benzoic acid	1432466: Inhibition of human mPGES1 expressed in HEK293 microsomes assessed as reduction in PGE2 production using PGH2 as substrate after 2.5 mins by LC-MS analysis	ic50	0.0020	uM
4-chloro-2-[[(1S,2S)-2-[(1-phenylpiperidine-4-carbonyl)amino]cyclopentyl]methylamino]benzoic acid	1432466: Inhibition of human mPGES1 expressed in HEK293 microsomes assessed as reduction in PGE2 production using PGH2 as substrate after 2.5 mins by LC-MS analysis	ic50	0.0020	uM
2-[6-chloro-9-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile	446412: Displacement of [3H]PGH2 from human recombinant PGES1 expressed in CHOK1 cells	ic50	0.0020	uM
6-bromo-2-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-3H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole	446412: Displacement of [3H]PGH2 from human recombinant PGES1 expressed in CHOK1 cells	ic50	0.0020	uM
4-chloro-2-[[1,3-dioxo-2-(1-phenylethyl)isoindole-5-carbonyl]amino]benzoic acid	733351: Inhibition of full-length microsomal PGES-1 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta(DE3) using PGH2 as substrate assessed as inhibition of PGH2 conversion to PGE2 incubated 15 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 1 min by EIA	ic50	0.0020	uM
1-[[3-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethynyl]phenyl]methyl]-3-propan-2-yl-1-[[3-(2-pyridin-4-ylethynyl)phenyl]methyl]urea	580217: Inhibition of mPGES1	ic50	0.0020	uM
N-[3-[(4-bromophenyl)carbamoyl]-4-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)phenyl]-2-chloro-5-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)methyl]benzamide	1166402: Inhibition of human recombinant mPGES-1 using PGH2 as substrate incubated for 25 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 1 min by HTRF method	ic50	0.0020	uM
1-[[3-(2-phenylethynyl)phenyl]methyl]-1-[[5-(2-phenylethynyl)-3-pyridinyl]methyl]-3-propan-2-ylurea	580217: Inhibition of mPGES1	ic50	0.0020	uM
2-chloro-5-[5-[(Z)-[5-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-ethoxycarbonyl-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-2-ylidene]methyl]furan-2-yl]benzoic acid	733351: Inhibition of full-length microsomal PGES-1 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta(DE3) using PGH2 as substrate assessed as inhibition of PGH2 conversion to PGE2 incubated 15 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 1 min by EIA	ic50	0.0020	uM
1-[5-chloro-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl]-N-[(1S,3S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine-4-carboxamide	751358: Inhibition of mPGES-1 (unknown origin) using PGH2 as substrate assessed as PGE2 synthesis by ELISA	ic50	0.0020	uM
N-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2-[(3,5-dichloro-4-pyridinyl)amino]-7,7-dimethyl-3,8-dihydrofuro[3,2-e]benzimidazole-5-carboxamide	1367392: Inhibition of recombinant human mPGES1 expressed in CHO cells using PGH2 as substrate pretreated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 1 min	ic50	0.0022	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

108 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	4
cobaltiprotoporphyrin	decreases reaction, increases expression, increases abundance, increases reaction	3
Cisplatin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	3
Dinoprostone	increases chemical synthesis, increases reaction, decreases reaction, increases abundance, increases expression	3
MK-886	decreases activity	2
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	2
Diethylhexyl Phthalate	affects cotreatment, affects reaction, increases expression, decreases expression	2
Glucosamine	increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression, decreases reaction	2
Nickel	increases expression	2
Smoke	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	2
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	2
Tretinoin	increases expression	2
Valproic Acid	increases methylation, affects expression	2
Raloxifene Hydrochloride	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance, affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
bisphenol F	increases expression	1
2-anisidine	increases expression	1
pirinixic acid	decreases activity	1
bisphenol A	increases expression	1
diethyl phthalate	increases expression, affects cotreatment, affects reaction	1
gingerol	decreases expression, increases expression	1
methylselenic acid	decreases expression	1
2,5,2’,5’-tetrachlorobiphenyl	increases expression	1
lupeol	decreases reaction, increases expression	1
testosterone undecanoate	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
cholest-5-en-3 beta,7 alpha-diol	increases expression, decreases reaction	1
diisononyl phthalate	increases expression, affects cotreatment, affects reaction	1
mancozeb	decreases reaction, increases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

316 unique, capped per target: 313 binding, 3 admet

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL3873336	Binding	Inhibition of COX-2/mPGES1 in human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in TNF-alpha induced PGE2 production at 50 uM after 15 mins followed by ELISA	Inhibition of the enzymes in the leukotriene and prostaglandin pathways in inflammation by 3-aryl isocoumarins. — Eur J Med Chem
CHEMBL1743243	ADMET	Substrates for human microsomal glutathione transferase PTGEs	Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology The Basic Science of Poisons, 7th edition

Cellosaurus cell lines

2 cell lines: 2 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_D1YL	Abcam A-549 PTGES KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_D2CQ	Abcam HCT 116 PTGES KO	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.