PTGFRN

Summary

PTGFRN (prostaglandin F2 receptor inhibitor, HGNC:9601) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1p13.1, encoding Prostaglandin F2 receptor negative regulator (Q9P2B2). Inhibits the binding of prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) to its specific FP receptor, by decreasing the receptor number rather than the affinity constant.

Predicted to be involved in myoblast fusion involved in skeletal muscle regeneration. Predicted to act upstream of or within lipid droplet organization. Located in cell surface.

Source: NCBI Gene 5738 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 7
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 167 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_020440

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:9601
Approved symbol	PTGFRN
Name	prostaglandin F2 receptor inhibitor
Location	1p13.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FPRP, EWI-F, CD9P-1, FLJ11001, KIAA1436, SMAP-6, CD315
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000134247
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	601204
Entrez	5738

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 4 — 2 protein_coding, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000393203, ENST00000496699, ENST00000497385, ENST00000881332

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_020440 NM_020440

CCDS: CCDS890

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000393203 — 9 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000800583	116944679	116945092
ENSE00000800584	116949192	116949572
ENSE00000800585	116961243	116961668
ENSE00000800586	116966911	116967330
ENSE00000800587	116974216	116974323
ENSE00000800588	116984680	116984985
ENSE00001069102	116941715	116942083
ENSE00001450113	116986801	116990353
ENSE00001514453	116909916	116910252

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 239 present calls, max score 98.58.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 15.5185 / max 270.8328, expressed in 1582 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
4858	8.1109	1493
4859	3.8363	1346
4860	3.5713	1160

Top tissues by expression

249 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	98.58	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	98.31	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	97.66	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	97.22	gold quality
cardiac atrium	UBERON:0002081	96.58	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	96.45	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	96.17	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	96.01	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	95.75	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	95.71	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	95.71	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	95.49	gold quality
myometrium	UBERON:0001296	95.30	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	95.09	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	95.08	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	95.02	gold quality
saphenous vein	UBERON:0007318	95.02	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	94.98	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	94.93	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	94.84	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	94.50	gold quality
cartilage tissue	UBERON:0002418	94.48	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	94.43	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	94.42	gold quality
colon	UBERON:0001155	94.39	gold quality
large intestine	UBERON:0000059	94.14	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	94.09	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	94.08	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	94.06	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	93.91	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	10.51

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

255 targeting PTGFRN, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-30A-5P	100.00	76.31	3233
HSA-MIR-30B-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30C-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30D-5P	100.00	76.32	3233
HSA-MIR-30E-5P	100.00	76.32	3242
HSA-MIR-8485	100.00	77.57	4731
HSA-MIR-6758-5P	100.00	66.21	1470
HSA-MIR-6856-5P	100.00	65.47	1298
HSA-MIR-6798-5P	100.00	65.77	699
HSA-MIR-6873-3P	100.00	71.42	2626
HSA-MIR-9-5P	100.00	72.28	2361
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-6077	99.99	68.04	2299
HSA-MIR-33A-5P	99.99	68.62	1055
HSA-MIR-33B-5P	99.99	68.58	1062
HSA-MIR-1184	99.99	68.19	1458
HSA-MIR-371A-3P	99.99	66.77	91
HSA-MIR-12136	99.98	72.81	5713
HSA-MIR-548P	99.98	72.25	3784
HSA-MIR-1229-3P	99.97	66.49	906
HSA-MIR-607	99.97	73.62	5593
HSA-MIR-570-3P	99.96	72.41	4910
HSA-MIR-146A-5P	99.96	68.93	988
HSA-MIR-146B-5P	99.96	69.13	977
HSA-MIR-559	99.95	72.28	3609
HSA-MIR-548AB	99.95	71.31	3488
HSA-MIR-548A-5P	99.94	71.27	3482
HSA-MIR-548AD-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548AE-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548AK	99.94	71.24	3488

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 8)

• EWI proteins EWI-2 and EWI-F, alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4 integrins, and protein palmitoylation have contrasting effects on cell surface CD9 organization (PMID:16537545)
• EWI-2 and EWI-F link the tetraspanin web to the actin cytoskeleton through their direct association with ezrin-radixin-moesin proteins (PMID:16690612)
• transferrin receptor and CD9, CD81, and CD9P-1 are differentially sorted into exosomes after TPA treatment of K562 cells (PMID:17407154)
• CD9P-1 was shown to exhibit more than 40 different N-glycans, essentially composed of complex and high mannose-type structures. (PMID:17960739)
• Tetraspanins can play a role on CD9P-1 oligomerization status. (PMID:19703604)
• These findings show for the first time that CD9P-1 expression positively correlates with the metastatic status of human lung tumor (PMID:21206492)
• High PTGFRN expression is associated with glioblastoma multiforme. (PMID:31377205)
• Identification of Prostaglandin F2 Receptor Negative Regulator (PTGFRN) as an internalizable target in cancer cells for antibody-drug conjugate development. (PMID:33503070)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	ptgfrnb	ENSDARG00000075505
danio_rerio	ptgfrna	ENSDARG00000078172
mus_musculus	Ptgfrn	ENSMUSG00000027864
rattus_norvegicus	Ptgfrn	ENSRNOG00000015655

Paralogs (5): CD101 (ENSG00000134256), IGSF3 (ENSG00000143061), IGSF8 (ENSG00000162729), VSTM4 (ENSG00000165633), VSTM2A (ENSG00000170419)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Prostaglandin F2 receptor negative regulator — Q9P2B2 (reviewed: Q9P2B2)

Alternative names: CD9 partner 1, Glu-Trp-Ile EWI motif-containing protein F, Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor regulatory protein, Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor-associated protein

All UniProt accessions (1): Q9P2B2

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Inhibits the binding of prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) to its specific FP receptor, by decreasing the receptor number rather than the affinity constant. Functional coupling with the prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor seems to occur. In myoblasts, associates with tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 to prevent myotube fusion during muscle regeneration.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with CD9 and CD81. Part of a complex composed of CD9, CD81 and IGSF8. Also seems to interact with CD63, CD82 and CD151.

Subcellular location. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Golgi apparatus. trans-Golgi network membrane.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_065173* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR003599	Ig_sub	Domain
IPR007110	Ig-like_dom	Domain
IPR013106	Ig_V-set	Domain
IPR013783	Ig-like_fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036179	Ig-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR051102	IgSF_V-set/TM_domain	Family

Pfam: PF07686

UniProt features (32 total): glycosylation site 9, domain 6, disulfide bond 6, short sequence motif 2, topological domain 2, sequence variant 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, modified residue 1, transmembrane region 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9P2B2-F1	84.25	0.47

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 271

Disulfide bonds (6): 43–119, 169–247, 299–373, 429–515, 571–655, 711–793

Glycosylation sites (9): 44, 286, 300, 383, 413, 525, 600, 618, 691

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 212 (showing top): GCACCTT_MIR18A_MIR18B, AAGCAAT_MIR137, GOBP_SKELETAL_MUSCLE_TISSUE_REGENERATION, TGCACTT_MIR519C_MIR519B_MIR519A, GOBP_GROWTH, GOBP_STRIATED_MUSCLE_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, GOCC_CELL_SURFACE, GOBP_REGENERATION, CAGCTG_AP4_Q5, PATIL_LIVER_CANCER, RICKMAN_TUMOR_DIFFERENTIATED_WELL_VS_POORLY_DN, GOBP_MUSCLE_STRUCTURE_DEVELOPMENT, KYNG_DNA_DAMAGE_BY_GAMMA_RADIATION, CAATGCA_MIR33, SCHAEFFER_PROSTATE_DEVELOPMENT_6HR_DN

GO Biological Process (2): myoblast fusion involved in skeletal muscle regeneration (GO:0014905), lipid droplet organization (GO:0034389)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (5): endoplasmic reticulum membrane (GO:0005789), Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794), cell surface (GO:0009986), membrane (GO:0016020), endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cytoplasm	2
endomembrane system	2
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
myoblast fusion	1
myotube differentiation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration	1
skeletal muscle tissue regeneration	1
organelle organization	1
binding	1
organelle membrane	1
nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network	1
endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

682 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
PTGFRN	CD81	P18582	998
PTGFRN	CD9	P21926	998
PTGFRN	CD151	P48509	935
PTGFRN	B4E171	B4E171	927
PTGFRN	PTGFR	P43088	841
PTGFRN	EZR	P15311	816
PTGFRN	TSPAN8	P19075	648
PTGFRN	TSPAN18	Q96SJ8	644
PTGFRN	CD82	P27701	634
PTGFRN	FKBP11	Q9NYL4	616
PTGFRN	RDX	P35241	611
PTGFRN	TSPAN15	O95858	596
PTGFRN	MSN	P26038	590
PTGFRN	TSPAN1	O60635	560
PTGFRN	APMAP	Q9HDC9	546

IntAct

104 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CD9	PTGFRN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.860
TSPAN15	ADAM10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.840
TSPAN5	ADAM10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.800
CD81	PTGFRN	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.790
CD9	IGSF8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.760
CD9	ADAM10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.750
ADAM10	CD9	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.750
TSPAN14	ADAM10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.740
CD81	ADAM10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.740
CD81	C2orf72	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CD151	ADAM10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PTGFRN	ADAM10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CD81	ANPEP	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SCGB1D1	FAM234B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TSPAN2	TSPAN3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CLEC4A	SEMA7A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FBXO2	TMEM131L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
LGALS1	PODXL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
LGALS3	PODXL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530

BioGRID (81): PTGFRN (Affinity Capture-Western), CD9 (Affinity Capture-Western), PTGFRN (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGFRN (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGFRN (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGFRN (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGFRN (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGFRN (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGFRN (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGFRN (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGFRN (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGFRN (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGFRN (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGFRN (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGFRN (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A140LHF2, A0JPB1, A2AJ76, A7LCJ3, A8E0Y8, E7FF10, O00241, O60500, P01874, P03988, P04221, P0DOX2, P0DOX3, P0DOX4, P0DOX6, P0DP72, P32507, P35590, P43121, P50895, Q06805, Q06806, Q148M6, Q15109, Q5TFQ8, Q5U5A3, Q5XI43, Q62230, Q62786, Q8HW98, Q8NDA2, Q8R2Y2, Q92154, Q923P0, Q93033, Q95KI3, Q96MS0, Q9BRK3, Q9BZZ2, Q9DBV4

Diamond homologs: Q62786, Q8R366, Q969P0, Q9P2B2, Q9WV91

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 93 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Innate Immune System	12	4.9×	8e-04
Neutrophil degranulation	11	4.1×	8e-03

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
integrin-mediated signaling pathway	6	11.2×	6e-03
ERAD pathway	5	10.5×	9e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

167 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	129
Likely benign	9
Benign	4

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1684 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
1:116910248:GTTGG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
1:116910251:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
1:116910252:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
1:116910252:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
1:116910253:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
1:116910253:GT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
1:116910254:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
1:116942054:G:T	donor_gain	1.0000
1:116942079:TAAAG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
1:116942082:AG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
1:116942083:GG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
1:116944675:GCA:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:116944676:CAG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:116944677:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:116944677:AGT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:116944678:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:116944678:GT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:116944678:GTG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:116944678:GTGC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:116944678:GTGCT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:116945089:TCAG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
1:116945090:CAGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
1:116945091:AGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
1:116945092:GGTG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
1:116945094:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
1:116949189:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:116949190:A:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:116961626:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
1:116961664:AGAAG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
1:116961666:AAGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

5715 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
1:116942014:T:G	Y117D	0.999
1:116942020:T:A	C119S	0.999
1:116942021:G:C	C119S	0.999
1:116966982:T:C	C571R	0.999
1:116967234:T:A	C655S	0.999
1:116967234:T:C	C655R	0.999
1:116967235:G:C	C655S	0.999
1:116941792:T:A	C43S	0.998
1:116941793:G:A	C43Y	0.998
1:116941793:G:C	C43S	0.998
1:116941831:T:C	F56L	0.998
1:116941832:T:G	F56C	0.998
1:116941833:T:A	F56L	0.998
1:116941833:T:G	F56L	0.998
1:116942020:T:C	C119R	0.998
1:116942022:T:G	C119W	0.998
1:116961572:T:C	C515R	0.998
1:116961573:G:A	C515Y	0.998
1:116961574:T:G	C515W	0.998
1:116966982:T:A	C571S	0.998
1:116966983:G:A	C571Y	0.998
1:116966983:G:C	C571S	0.998
1:116967193:G:C	R641P	0.998
1:116967235:G:A	C655Y	0.998
1:116967236:C:G	C655W	0.998
1:116967298:C:T	S676F	0.998
1:116941792:T:C	C43R	0.997
1:116941794:C:G	C43W	0.997
1:116941827:A:C	Q54H	0.997
1:116941827:A:T	Q54H	0.997

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000004302 (1:116939177 T>C), RS1000026186 (1:116964695 C>T), RS1000047226 (1:116941260 G>A), RS1000101120 (1:116912539 C>T), RS1000183212 (1:116915739 C>T), RS1000193862 (1:116958034 G>A), RS1000220871 (1:116963860 C>G,T), RS1000222405 (1:116977121 A>G), RS1000232328 (1:116959351 G>A,C,T), RS1000257193 (1:116910738 G>C), RS1000304666 (1:116951907 C>A), RS1000336735 (1:116928918 T>C), RS1000354076 (1:116910987 C>A,T), RS1000372184 (1:116953228 T>C), RS1000394390 (1:116946241 C>G,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:601204 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

7 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000824_15	Erectile dysfunction and prostate cancer treatment	6.000000e-07
GCST006585_2338	Blood protein levels	2.000000e-50
GCST006867_3	Type 2 diabetes	2.000000e-08
GCST008502_1	Low susceptibility to hepatitis C infection	1.000000e-06
GCST009379_30	Type 2 diabetes	2.000000e-13
GCST010273_1	Gout (normal type)	5.000000e-08
GCST010500_1	T-Cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin domain 1 levels	2.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0010101	decreased susceptibility to hepatitis C infection
EFO:0010812	T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

41 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression	4
Quercetin	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression, affects expression	2
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
dicrotophos	increases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects localization, increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
perfluorooctanoic acid	decreases expression	1
aflatoxin B2	increases methylation	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
ICG 001	increases expression	1
bisphenol B	increases expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Temozolomide	decreases expression	1
Sunitinib	decreases expression	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases methylation	1
Carbamazepine	affects expression	1
Cisplatin	increases expression	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Furaldehyde	affects cotreatment, affects localization, decreases expression, increases expression	1
Ivermectin	decreases expression	1
Lipopolysaccharides	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Methyl Methanesulfonate	decreases expression	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_B2CN	Abcam HeLa PTGFRN KO	Cancer cell line	Female

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.