PTGR2

gene
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Also known as FLJ39091

Summary

PTGR2 (prostaglandin reductase 2, HGNC:20149) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 14q24.3, encoding Prostaglandin reductase 2 (Q8N8N7). Functions as 15-oxo-prostaglandin 13-reductase and acts on 15-keto-PGE1, 15-keto-PGE2, 15-keto-PGE1-alpha and 15-keto-PGE2-alpha with highest activity towards 15-keto-PGE2.

This gene encodes an enzyme involved in the metabolism of prostaglandins. The encoded protein catalyzes the NADPH-dependent conversion of 15-keto-prostaglandin E2 to 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin E2. This protein may also be involved in regulating activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 145482 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 4
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 61 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_001146154

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:20149
Approved symbolPTGR2
Nameprostaglandin reductase 2
Location14q24.3
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesFLJ39091
Ensembl geneENSG00000140043
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM608642
Entrez145482

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 25 — 22 protein_coding, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000267568, ENST00000553326, ENST00000553813, ENST00000555228, ENST00000555661, ENST00000555976, ENST00000556219, ENST00000859235, ENST00000859236, ENST00000859237, ENST00000859238, ENST00000859239, ENST00000859240, ENST00000859241, ENST00000859242, ENST00000859243, ENST00000859244, ENST00000859245, ENST00000913425, ENST00000913426, ENST00000967632, ENST00000967633, ENST00000967634, ENST00000967635, ENST00000967636

RefSeq mRNA: 11 — MANE Select: NM_001146154 NM_001146154, NM_001146155, NM_001371325, NM_001371326, NM_001371327, NM_001371328, NM_001371329, NM_001371330, NM_001371331, NM_001371332, NM_152444

CCDS: CCDS91902, CCDS9820

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000555661 — 10 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000024857087388410173885726
ENSE000025036507385183173851943
ENSE000035281097385881673858899
ENSE000035447617386053973860657
ENSE000035918447387699873877168
ENSE000036670177387402373874214
ENSE000037036257387909673879305
ENSE000037049657388239973882438
ENSE000037052167388005573880176
ENSE000037087357388120573881292

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 232 present calls, max score 89.36.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 14.0299 / max 309.0581, expressed in 1779 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
1405579.25501726
1405564.77491525

Top tissues by expression

252 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
hindlimb stylopod muscleUBERON:000425289.36gold quality
gastrocnemiusUBERON:000138888.72gold quality
muscle of legUBERON:000138388.63gold quality
right atrium auricular regionUBERON:000663187.16gold quality
heart left ventricleUBERON:000208486.61gold quality
cardiac ventricleUBERON:000208286.00gold quality
skeletal muscle organUBERON:001489285.56gold quality
cardiac atriumUBERON:000208185.16gold quality
right adrenal glandUBERON:000123385.14gold quality
right adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582785.04gold quality
left adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582584.91gold quality
left adrenal glandUBERON:000123484.79gold quality
islet of LangerhansUBERON:000000684.70gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cordUBERON:000646984.44gold quality
heartUBERON:000094884.28gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosaUBERON:000538684.24gold quality
apex of heartUBERON:000209883.67gold quality
right uterine tubeUBERON:000130283.61gold quality
calcaneal tendonUBERON:000370183.49gold quality
right lobe of liverUBERON:000111482.95gold quality
metanephros cortexUBERON:001053382.93gold quality
adrenal glandUBERON:000236982.67gold quality
anterior cingulate cortexUBERON:000983582.23gold quality
adrenal cortexUBERON:000123582.15gold quality
adrenal tissueUBERON:001830382.08gold quality
ventricular zoneUBERON:000305381.94gold quality
caudate nucleusUBERON:000187381.91gold quality
spinal cordUBERON:000224081.58gold quality
left lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000112081.52gold quality
amygdalaUBERON:000187681.41gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes5.67

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

66 targeting PTGR2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-5011-5P100.0083.465820
HSA-MIR-1277-5P100.0073.955056
HSA-MIR-450099.9972.722367
HSA-MIR-548N99.9871.944170
HSA-MIR-477599.9875.006394
HSA-MIR-4482-3P99.9872.503147
HSA-MIR-520D-5P99.9873.344883
HSA-MIR-524-5P99.9873.434882
HSA-MIR-302C-5P99.9772.563642
HSA-MIR-3065-5P99.9771.563281
HSA-MIR-3688-3P99.9772.022834
HSA-MIR-365899.9673.874379
HSA-MIR-590-3P99.9674.346478
HSA-MIR-6778-3P99.9667.292693
HSA-MIR-1468-3P99.9672.743797
HSA-MIR-548AT-5P99.9670.832666
HSA-MIR-145-5P99.9271.131836
HSA-MIR-5195-3P99.9270.921877
HSA-MIR-7-1-3P99.9171.534384
HSA-MIR-7-2-3P99.9171.404394
HSA-MIR-182-5P99.8774.032589
HSA-MIR-548D-3P99.8770.674362
HSA-MIR-612499.8769.783551
HSA-MIR-30A-3P99.8769.742928
HSA-MIR-30D-3P99.8769.922917
HSA-MIR-30E-3P99.8769.682942
HSA-MIR-548BB-3P99.8670.584354
HSA-MIR-450399.8571.451869
HSA-MIR-548AC99.8470.774351
HSA-MIR-548H-3P99.8470.804349

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

  • Cloning and tissue distribution of a splicing variant ZADH1b. (PMID:15004468)
  • Besides targeting cyclooxygenase, indomethacin inhibits PTGR2 with a binding mode similar to that of 15-keto-PGE(2). (PMID:19000823)
  • Functional data and clinical relevance for the role of PTGR2 in gastric cancer, are provided. (PMID:22998775)
  • Silencing of PTGR2 expression enhances reactive oxygen species production, suppresses pancreatic cell proliferation, and promotes cell death through increasing 15-keto-PGE2. (PMID:26820738)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_rerioptgr2ENSDARG00000070673
mus_musculusPtgr2ENSMUSG00000072946
rattus_norvegicusPtgr2ENSRNOG00000038166
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00010911

Paralogs (17): PTGR1 (ENSG00000106853), VAT1 (ENSG00000108828), TP53I3 (ENSG00000115129), MECR (ENSG00000116353), CRYZ (ENSG00000116791), RTN4IP1 (ENSG00000130347), SORD (ENSG00000140263), VAT1L (ENSG00000171724), ADH6 (ENSG00000172955), PTGR3 (ENSG00000180011), ADH1A (ENSG00000187758), ADH7 (ENSG00000196344), ADH1B (ENSG00000196616), ADH5 (ENSG00000197894), ADH4 (ENSG00000198099), CRYZL1 (ENSG00000205758), ADH1C (ENSG00000248144)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Prostaglandin reductase 2Q8N8N7 (reviewed: Q8N8N7)

Alternative names: 15-oxoprostaglandin 13-reductase, Zinc-binding alcohol dehydrogenase domain-containing protein 1

All UniProt accessions (3): Q8N8N7, G3V2R9, V9HW32

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Functions as 15-oxo-prostaglandin 13-reductase and acts on 15-keto-PGE1, 15-keto-PGE2, 15-keto-PGE1-alpha and 15-keto-PGE2-alpha with highest activity towards 15-keto-PGE2. Overexpression represses transcriptional activity of PPARG and inhibits adipocyte differentiation.

Subunit / interactions. Monomer.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity. Widely expressed.

Similarity. Belongs to the NADP-dependent oxidoreductase L4BD family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q8N8N7-11, ZADH1byes
Q8N8N7-22

RefSeq proteins (11): NP_001139626, NP_001139627, NP_001358254, NP_001358255, NP_001358256, NP_001358257, NP_001358258, NP_001358259, NP_001358260, NP_001358261, NP_689657 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR011032GroES-like_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR013149ADH-like_CDomain
IPR036291NAD(P)-bd_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR037399PTGR2Family
IPR041694ADH_N_2Domain
IPR045010MDR_famFamily

Pfam: PF00107, PF16884

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 5 shown:

  • 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin E2 + NADP(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + NADPH + H(+) (RHEA:11912)
  • 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin E2 + NAD(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + NADH + H(+) (RHEA:11916)
  • 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin E1 + NADP(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin E1 + NADPH + H(+) (RHEA:50584)
  • 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-PGF2alpha + NADP(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin F2alpha + NADPH + H(+) (RHEA:50588)
  • 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F1alpha + NADP(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha + NADPH + H(+) (RHEA:50592)

UniProt features (48 total): strand 16, helix 16, binding site 9, splice variant 2, mutagenesis site 2, turn 2, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

6 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
2ZB4X-RAY DIFFRACTION1.63
2ZB7X-RAY DIFFRACTION1.8
2W98X-RAY DIFFRACTION1.85
2W4QX-RAY DIFFRACTION2
2ZB8X-RAY DIFFRACTION2
2VNAX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.17

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q8N8N7-F195.910.91

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (9): 99–100; 165–168; 192; 208; 231; 253–259; 287–289; 288–290; 337

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (2):

PositionPhenotype
64increases affinity for 15-keto-pge2. reduces affinity for nadp and vmax.
259increases affinity for 15-keto-pge2. reduces affinity for nadp and vmax.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-2162123Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)

MSigDB gene sets: 108 (showing top): GOMF_OXIDOREDUCTASE_ACTIVITY_ACTING_ON_THE_CH_CH_GROUP_OF_DONORS, GOBP_MONOCARBOXYLIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, chr14q24, GOBP_LIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ORGANIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_UNSATURATED_FATTY_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_PROSTANOID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, ACEVEDO_METHYLATED_IN_LIVER_CANCER_DN, NUYTTEN_EZH2_TARGETS_DN, GOBP_FATTY_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOMF_OXIDOREDUCTASE_ACTIVITY_ACTING_ON_THE_CH_CH_GROUP_OF_DONORS_NAD_OR_NADP_AS_ACCEPTOR, CHEN_METABOLIC_SYNDROM_NETWORK, MEISSNER_NPC_HCP_WITH_H3K4ME2, GOBP_ICOSANOID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, WAKABAYASHI_ADIPOGENESIS_PPARG_RXRA_BOUND_36HR

GO Biological Process (2): prostaglandin metabolic process (GO:0006693), lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629)

GO Molecular Function (4): 15-oxoprostaglandin 13-reductase [NAD(P)+] activity (GO:0047522), protein binding (GO:0005515), oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491), oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor (GO:0016628)

GO Cellular Component (1): cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Arachidonate metabolism1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
prostanoid metabolic process1
primary metabolic process1
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor1
binding1
catalytic activity1
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors1
intracellular anatomical structure1
cellular anatomical structure1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1266 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
PTGR2AVPP01185775
PTGR2FAM161BQ96MY7507
PTGR2TENT5DQ8NEK8487
PTGR2HPGDP15428474
PTGR2LRRC74AQ0VAA2470
PTGR2KRTAP19-4Q3LI73447
PTGR2ZNF451Q9Y4E5447
PTGR2GPRASP1Q5JY77447
PTGR2ALDH1B1P30837428
PTGR2SLC25A14O95258416
PTGR2ATG16L2Q8NAA4410
PTGR2MYOZ1Q9NP98406
PTGR2AREL1O15033397
PTGR2BEX1Q9HBH7395
PTGR2QRICH1Q2TAL8393
PTGR2ACTBP02570393

IntAct

11 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
BEND5PTGR2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
FASNPTGR2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
PRNPWDR91psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
NDUFAF8TRUB2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
CHCHD10RNASEH1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
FASNARMH3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
FASNSLC27A2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
PTGR2BEND5psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000

BioGRID (62): PTGR2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGR2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGR2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGR2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGR2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGR2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGR2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGR2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGR2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGR2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGR2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGR2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGR2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGR2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PTGR2 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0D2YG03, A0A161CAI1, A0A3Q9U4Z5, A0A8F4S717, A0A8K1AWG4, A0A9E7LUR3, B2NI93, B8NTZ8, E5AE42, G4MVZ3, N4WR35, O34812, O42909, O94564, P0DXJ1, P25377, P25608, P53912, P54007, P76113, P93243, P97584, Q03102, Q0V6Q3, Q14914, Q28719, Q29073, Q32L99, Q39172, Q39173, Q3SZJ4, Q5BK81, Q5R806, Q6WAU0, Q8H0M1, Q8J0F9, Q8N8N7, Q8VDQ1, Q91YR9, Q9C0Y6

Diamond homologs: A0A0D2YG03, A0A345BJP0, A0A3G1DJH7, B8NTZ8, N4WR35, O34812, P76113, P97584, Q14914, Q24K16, Q28719, Q29073, Q32L99, Q39172, Q39173, Q3SZJ4, Q5BK81, Q5R806, Q6WAU0, Q86ZD9, Q8N8N7, Q8VDQ1, Q91YR9, Q9C0Y6, Q9EQZ5, Q9SLN8, S0DRW9, W7NCN7, G0LET7, O00097, O23939, P08843, P42865, Q03102, Q5AY39, Q84V25, Q8N4Q0, Q941I0, A0A017SEX7, A0A0C1E3C9

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

61 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance46
Likely benign1
Benign1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2200 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
14:73852010:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
14:73860528:T:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
14:73860529:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
14:73860532:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
14:73860533:TTTTA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
14:73860534:TTTA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
14:73860535:TTA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
14:73860536:TA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
14:73860537:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
14:73860537:A:ATacceptor_loss1.0000
14:73860537:AG:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
14:73860537:AGGA:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
14:73860538:G:GAacceptor_gain1.0000
14:73860538:GG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
14:73860538:GGAA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
14:73860617:TAC:Tdonor_gain1.0000
14:73860618:ACA:Adonor_gain1.0000
14:73860622:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
14:73860656:TGGT:Tdonor_loss1.0000
14:73860656:TGGTA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
14:73860658:G:GAdonor_loss1.0000
14:73860658:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
14:73860659:T:Gdonor_loss1.0000
14:73860669:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
14:73874021:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
14:73874021:AGC:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
14:73874022:G:GAacceptor_gain1.0000
14:73874022:G:GTacceptor_gain1.0000
14:73874022:GC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
14:73874022:GCG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

2313 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
14:73860647:A:GD49G0.997
14:73860647:A:TD49V0.995
14:73874173:T:AW103R0.995
14:73874173:T:CW103R0.995
14:73877130:A:CS161R0.995
14:73877132:T:AS161R0.995
14:73877132:T:GS161R0.995
14:73874023:C:AR53S0.993
14:73884141:G:CK340N0.993
14:73884141:G:TK340N0.993
14:73874105:G:AG80E0.991
14:73884140:A:CK340T0.991
14:73860638:T:CL46P0.990
14:73874024:G:CR53P0.990
14:73881212:T:CF287L0.990
14:73881214:T:AF287L0.990
14:73881214:T:GF287L0.990
14:73874099:G:AG78D0.989
14:73877128:T:AV160D0.989
14:73879137:T:GC187W0.989
14:73879265:A:TD230V0.989
14:73881213:T:CF287S0.989
14:73860569:T:CF23S0.988
14:73874068:T:AW68R0.988
14:73874068:T:CW68R0.988
14:73874167:T:AW101R0.988
14:73874167:T:CW101R0.988
14:73879180:T:CF202L0.988
14:73879182:T:AF202L0.988
14:73879182:T:GF202L0.988

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000065422 (14:73860047 C>T), RS1000103503 (14:73866427 C>A,G), RS1000122257 (14:73858194 A>G), RS1000175422 (14:73853764 G>A,T), RS1000273266 (14:73854473 T>C), RS1000511580 (14:73855520 C>T), RS1000581053 (14:73861808 A>G), RS1000604297 (14:73852980 C>T), RS1000794058 (14:73861431 A>G), RS1000874605 (14:73865989 G>A), RS1000949596 (14:73879766 A>C), RS1001075128 (14:73859616 G>T), RS1001086656 (14:73879382 A>C), RS1001183554 (14:73880643 A>G), RS1001319090 (14:73881050 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:608642 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

4 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST004602_206Mean corpuscular volume5.000000e-09
GCST005557_1Serum uric acid levels3.000000e-06
GCST005790_30Rosacea symptom severity5.000000e-06
GCST008362_54Birth weight3.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004761uric acid measurement
EFO:0009180rosacea severity measurement
EFO:0004344birth weight

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

52 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Acidaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, decreases methylation, increases expression6
methylmercuric chloridedecreases expression2
trichostatin Adecreases expression, affects cotreatment2
sodium arseniteincreases abundance, increases expression, affects cotreatment2
Benzo(a)pyreneincreases expression2
Aflatoxin B1increases expression, increases methylation2
urushiolincreases expression1
bufotalindecreases expression1
beta-lapachonedecreases expression1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphatedecreases expression1
butyraldehydedecreases expression1
manganese chlorideincreases abundance, increases expression, affects cotreatment1
aflatoxin B2decreases methylation1
hydroquinonedecreases expression1
CGP 52608affects binding, increases reaction1
entinostatincreases expression1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
ICG 001increases expression1
dorsomorphinaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
jinfukangaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
NSC 689534decreases expression, affects binding1
4-(4-((5-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl)methylene)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acidincreases expression1
Acetaminophenincreases expression1
Air Pollutantsdecreases expression1
Arsenicaffects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression1
Caffeinedecreases phosphorylation1
Cisplatinaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Copperaffects binding, decreases expression1
Doxorubicindecreases expression1
Enzyme Inhibitorsdecreases activity, increases O-linked glycosylation1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.