PTPRA

Summary

PTPRA (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type A, HGNC:9664) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 20p13, encoding Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha (P18433). Tyrosine protein phosphatase which is involved in integrin-mediated focal adhesion formation. It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 81.4% of cell lines).

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an extracellular domain, a single transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. This PTP has been shown to dephosphorylate and activate Src family tyrosine kinases, and is implicated in the regulation of integrin signaling, cell adhesion and proliferation. Three alternatively spliced variants of this gene, which encode two distinct isoforms, have been reported.

Source: NCBI Gene 5786 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 7
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 189 total — 2 pathogenic, 3 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 12
• Druggable target: yes
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 81.4% of screened cell lines
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001385305

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:9664
Approved symbol	PTPRA
Name	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type A
Location	20p13
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	LRP, HLPR, HPTPA, RPTPA
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000132670
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	176884
Entrez	5786

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 76 — 76 protein_coding

ENST00000216877, ENST00000318266, ENST00000356147, ENST00000399903, ENST00000430705, ENST00000431048, ENST00000455631, ENST00000876898, ENST00000876899, ENST00000876900, ENST00000876901, ENST00000876902, ENST00000876903, ENST00000876904, ENST00000876905, ENST00000876906, ENST00000876907, ENST00000876908, ENST00000876909, ENST00000876910, ENST00000876911, ENST00000876912, ENST00000876913, ENST00000876914, ENST00000876915, ENST00000876916, ENST00000876917, ENST00000876918, ENST00000876919, ENST00000876920, ENST00000876921, ENST00000876922, ENST00000876923, ENST00000876924, ENST00000876925, ENST00000876926, ENST00000876927, ENST00000876928, ENST00000876929, ENST00000876930, ENST00000876931, ENST00000876932, ENST00000876933, ENST00000911872, ENST00000911873, ENST00000911874, ENST00000911875, ENST00000911877, ENST00000911878, ENST00000911880, ENST00000911881, ENST00000911883, ENST00000911885, ENST00000911887, ENST00000970270, ENST00000970271, ENST00000970272, ENST00000970273, ENST00000970274, ENST00000970275, ENST00000970276, ENST00000970277, ENST00000970278, ENST00000970279, ENST00000970280, ENST00000970281, ENST00000970282, ENST00000970283, ENST00000970284, ENST00000970285, ENST00000970286, ENST00000970287, ENST00000970288, ENST00000970289, ENST00000970290, ENST00000970291

RefSeq mRNA: 27 — MANE Select: NM_001385305 NM_001385302, NM_001385303, NM_001385304, NM_001385305, NM_001385306, NM_001385307, NM_001385308, NM_001385310, NM_001385311, NM_001385312, NM_001385313, NM_001385314, NM_001385315, NM_001385316, NM_001385317, NM_001385318, NM_001385319, NM_001385320, NM_001385321, NM_001388320, NM_001388321, NM_001388322, NM_001388323, NM_001388324, NM_002836, NM_080840, NM_080841

CCDS: CCDS13038, CCDS13039

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000399903 — 24 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000332881	2988338	2988474
ENSE00000656611	3005056	3005146
ENSE00000656613	3015849	3015885
ENSE00000656617	3022054	3022220
ENSE00000656629	3022689	3022824
ENSE00000656630	3024472	3024621
ENSE00000656631	3026687	3026780
ENSE00000656633	3027121	3027197
ENSE00000656634	3027707	3027841
ENSE00000656635	3035585	3035710
ENSE00000656636	3035790	3035941
ENSE00000656637	3037154	3037289
ENSE00000858706	3021309	3021428
ENSE00001043919	2975215	2975241
ENSE00001163806	3007344	3007420
ENSE00001312856	2947982	2948024
ENSE00001484692	2873481	2873760
ENSE00001746935	3017816	3017913
ENSE00003008107	2988032	2988105
ENSE00003597267	2923207	2923285
ENSE00003603687	2964272	2964350
ENSE00003786041	2986765	2986849
ENSE00003786244	2964861	2965202
ENSE00003917099	3038059	3038669

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 295 present calls, max score 98.99.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 39.9218 / max 286.2854, expressed in 1823 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (12 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
183190	70.3569	1826
98879	39.9218	1823
98877	8.4013	1738
98885	7.4934	1299
98892	5.5499	977
98889	1.4921	738
98876	0.9251	487
98886	0.7310	201
98884	0.6302	389
98887	0.4037	210

Top tissues by expression

300 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	98.99	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	97.62	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	97.25	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	97.19	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	96.98	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	96.93	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	96.76	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	96.70	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	96.69	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	96.67	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	96.66	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	96.55	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	96.52	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	96.34	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	96.33	gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	UBERON:0002736	96.32	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	96.30	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	96.04	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	95.93	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	95.93	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	95.92	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	95.91	gold quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	95.82	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	95.65	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	95.60	gold quality
frontal lobe	UBERON:0016525	95.60	gold quality
temporal lobe	UBERON:0001871	95.58	gold quality
telencephalon	UBERON:0001893	95.52	gold quality
paraflocculus	UBERON:0005351	95.38	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	95.33	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	9.65
E-MTAB-2983	no	660.05

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): TP53, YY1

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 81.4% of screened cell lines.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Physical and functional interactions between protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha, PI 3-kinase, and PKCdelta. (PMID:11676480)
• In entering mitosis the cell cycle-specific regulation of c-Src by RPTPalpha can occur by dephosphorylation of phospho-Tyr527 that activates c-Src in a reaction catalyzed by the transmembrane receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase RPTPalpha. (PMID:11796915)
• interactions between RPTP-domain1s and RPTP-domain 2s are a common but specific mechanism that is likely to be regulated- domain2s and the wedge structures are crucial determinants of binding specificity, thus regulating cross-talk between RPTPs (PMID:12376545)
• RPTPs have the capacity for inside-out signaling (PMID:12582170)
• This protein regulates nuclear translocation of ERK2 and can modulate megakaryocytic differentiation of K562 cells. (PMID:12592337)
• data suggest that receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha acts as a receptor for Helicobacter pylori VacA toxin in G401 cells (PMID:12626515)
• Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha signaling has a role in androgen depletion-induced neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate tumor cells (PMID:14555984)
• These data reveal a functional relevance of PTP alpha for insulin secretion. (PMID:14592422)
• PTPRA and PTPRZ may have roles in gastric cancer progression including lymphovascular invasion and liver/peritoneal dissemination (PMID:16338072)
• the two splice variants of PTPalpha are expressed differentially and regulate c-Src activity in different ways. (PMID:17212655)
• siRNA-mediated suppression of protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha (PTP alpha) reduces Src activity 2 to 4-fold in breast, colon and other human cancer cell lines. (PMID:18183590)
• CD63 plays a role in the regulation of ROMK channels through its association with RPTPalpha, which in turn interacts with and activates Src family PTK, thus reducing ROMK activity. (PMID:18211905)
• This study showed that PTPalpha is required for remodeling of focal adhesion during cell spreading via a pathway involving Rac1. (PMID:18216165)
• report a statistically significant lower expression intensity of PTEN and HePTP (PMID:18728972)
• RPTPalpha plays a critical role in HCN channel function via tyrosine dephosphorylation (PMID:18768480)
• PTPalpha acts as an adaptor to mediate functional links between focal adhesions and the endoplasmic reticulum that enable IL-1-induced Ca2+ signaling. (PMID:19497848)
• force-responsive proteins such as RPTPalpha can influence cancer-cell behavior and identify potential targets for cancer therapy. (PMID:20208566)
• IL-1-induced signaling through focal adhesions leading to MMP3 release and interactions between SHP-2 and PTPalpha are dependent on the integrity of the catalytic domains of PTPalpha. (PMID:20472558)
• a novel role for E-loop residue Lys182 in enhancing HePTP catalytic activity through its interaction with Asp236 of the WPD loop was revealed. (PMID:21094165)
• the PTPalpha-mediated increase of NB-3 level at the cell surface represents a novel function of PTPalpha in NB-3 signaling in neural development (PMID:21622556)
• The transformed cells were tumourigenic in nude mice, suggesting that RPTPalpha245-induced activation of Src in the human tumours may have contributed to carcinogenesis. (PMID:21725282)
• convergent evidence reported here links RPTP to schizophrenia. (PMID:21831360)
• The extracellular proteolytic processing is a novel mechanism for PTPalpha regulation. (PMID:22647903)
• our results suggest that plasma PTPalpha and fibronectin may be associated with opisthorchiasis. (PMID:23029023)
• Results suggest that inhibition of PTPalpha can have a beneficial effect on HER2-positive breast cancers, but that inhibition of additional targets is needed to block breast tumorigenesis. (PMID:23318421)
• A single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs6138953) on the PTPRA gene in the 20p13 region was found to be associated with elevated fasting glucose level. (PMID:23487342)
• results suggest that PTPalpha links activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling with Src activation and may provide a novel therapeutic target for treatment of breast cancer. (PMID:23532252)
• new role for PTPalpha in the regulation of motility of mammary epithelial cells in response to ErbB2 activation. (PMID:24217252)
• recruited to epithelial adherens junctions for cadherin-dependent cell adhesion and tissue architecture formation (PMID:24652832)
• no evidence was seen for the association of rare, missense mutations in the PTPRA gene with schizophrenia or autism spectrum disorders (PMID:25393624)
• A receptor type-protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha-Src family kinase-Rap1 pathway was identified as responsible for recruiting myosin IIB to the zonula adherens in epithelial cells and supporting contractile tension. (PMID:25631816)
• Data indicate that scaffold protein RACK1 plays a role in IGF-1-mediated protein-tyrosine phosphatase alpha (PTPalpha) tyrosine phosphorylation in MCF-7 Cells. (PMID:25694432)
• VacA mediates CagA phosphorylation through RPTPalpha in AZ-521 cells. (PMID:27935824)
• Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that PTPRA expression was an independent prognostic factor in SCC patients. In the cellular models, PTPRA promotes SCC cell proliferation through modulating Src activation as well as cell cycle progression. In conclusion, higher PTPRA level was associated with worse prognosis of SCC patients and PTPRA could promote the cell cycle progression (PMID:28656243)
• Filtered data from WES, combined with in silico analyses revealed a novel heterozygous missense variant (NM_080841:c.1730C>G:p.T577R; exon18) in Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type A (PTPRA 20p13) in an Indian family with schizophrenia. Screening for variants in this gene in the WES data of an independent schizophrenia cohort (n=350) of matched ethnicity, identified five additional rare missense variants. (PMID:30594456)
• circPTPRA suppresses EMT and metastasis of NSCLC cell lines by sponging miR-96-5p, which upregulates the downstream tumor suppressor RASSF8. (PMID:31160270)
• HePTP plays a key role in the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer via activating Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. (PMID:31545274)
• miR-146a-5p may negatively regulate the PTPRA-SRC signaling to inhibit expression of fibrosis-related markers in irradiated and TGF-beta1-stimulated LX2 cells (PMID:31560641)
• Leukocyte common antigen-related receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) are cell adhesion molecules involved in mediating neuronal development. The binding of LAR-RPTPs to extracellular ligands induces local clustering of LAR-RPTPs to regulate axon growth and synaptogenesis. LAR-RPTPs interact with synaptic liprin-alpha proteins via the two cytoplasmic phosphatase domains, D1 and D2. (PMID:31924785)
• RPTPalpha phosphatase activity is allosterically regulated by the membrane-distal catalytic domain. (PMID:32139509)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	ptpra	ENSDARG00000001769
mus_musculus	Ptpra	ENSMUSG00000027303
rattus_norvegicus	Ptpra	ENSRNOG00000021223

Paralogs (35): PTPRN (ENSG00000054356), PTPRU (ENSG00000060656), PTPN3 (ENSG00000070159), PTPN21 (ENSG00000070778), PTPN18 (ENSG00000072135), PTPN23 (ENSG00000076201), PTPRH (ENSG00000080031), PTPRC (ENSG00000081237), PTPN4 (ENSG00000088179), PTPRS (ENSG00000105426), PTPRZ1 (ENSG00000106278), PTPN5 (ENSG00000110786), PTPN6 (ENSG00000111679), PTPRB (ENSG00000127329), PTPN12 (ENSG00000127947), PTPRE (ENSG00000132334), PTPN22 (ENSG00000134242), PTPRF (ENSG00000142949), PTPN7 (ENSG00000143851), PTPRG (ENSG00000144724), PTPRJ (ENSG00000149177), PTPRO (ENSG00000151490), PTPN14 (ENSG00000152104), PTPRK (ENSG00000152894), PTPRR (ENSG00000153233), PTPRD (ENSG00000153707), PTPRN2 (ENSG00000155093), PTPN13 (ENSG00000163629), PTPN9 (ENSG00000169410), PTPRM (ENSG00000173482), PTPN2 (ENSG00000175354), PTPN11 (ENSG00000179295), PTPRT (ENSG00000196090), PTPN1 (ENSG00000196396), PTPN20 (ENSG00000204179)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha — P18433 (reviewed: P18433)

All UniProt accessions (4): P18433, Q5JWG0, Q5JWG2, Q5JWG3

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Tyrosine protein phosphatase which is involved in integrin-mediated focal adhesion formation. Following integrin engagement, specifically recruits BCAR3, BCAR1 and CRK to focal adhesions thereby promoting SRC-mediated phosphorylation of BRAC1 and the subsequent activation of PAK and small GTPase RAC1 and CDC42.

Subunit / interactions. Part of a complex comprised of PTPRA, BCAR1, BCAR3 (via SH2 domain), and SRC. Within the complex, interacts (when phosphorylated on Tyr-798) with BCAR3 (via SH2 domain). Interacts with GRB2.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane. Cell junction. Focal adhesion.

Post-translational modifications. Integrin binding to extracellular matrix induces phosphorylation at Tyr-798 which induces PTPRA localization and recruitment of BCAR3, BCAR1 and CRK to focal adhesions.

Similarity. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Receptor class 4 subfamily.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P18433-5	1	yes
P18433-6	2

RefSeq proteins (27): NP_001372231, NP_001372232, NP_001372233, NP_001372234, NP_001372235, NP_001372236, NP_001372237, NP_001372239, NP_001372240, NP_001372241, NP_001372242, NP_001372243, NP_001372244, NP_001372245, NP_001372246, NP_001372247, NP_001372248, NP_001372249, NP_001372250, NP_001375249, NP_001375250, NP_001375251, NP_001375252, NP_001375253, NP_002827, NP_543030, NP_543031 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000242	PTP_cat	Domain
IPR000387	Tyr_Pase_dom	Domain
IPR003595	Tyr_Pase_cat	Domain
IPR016130	Tyr_Pase_AS	Active_site
IPR016336	Tyr_Pase_rcpt_a/e-type	Family
IPR027262	Tyr_Pase_rcpt_alpha	Family
IPR029021	Prot-tyrosine_phosphatase-like	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050348	Protein-Tyr_Phosphatase	Family

Pfam: PF00102

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 3.1.3.48 — protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (BRENDA: 59 organisms, 501 substrates, 1326 inhibitors, 270 Km, 165 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

70 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 15. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
4-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE	0.0008–148	84
6,8-DIFLUORO-4-METHYLUMBELLIFERYL PHOSPHATE	0.0039–0.862	27
P-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE	0.0024–10	20
DADEPYLIPQQG	0.0003–0.1	12
PHOSPHOTYROSINE	0.012–30	11
LYSOZYME	0.0003–0.012	5
MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN	0.0001–0.022	5
ACETYL-DADEPY-NH2	0.0228–0.219	4
ACETYL-DADEPYL-NH2	1.1–97.5	4
4,6,8-TRIMETHYL-2-OXO-2H-CHROMEN-7-YL DIHYDROGEN	0.02–0.156	3
SASASPYSASA	0.53–2.3	3
1-NAPHTHYL PHOSPHATE	1.19–1.88	2
3,6-FLUORESCEIN DIPHOSPHATE	15–19	2
4-METHYLUMBELLIFERYL PHOSPHATE	0.953–2.41	2
BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN	0.0001–0.0003	2

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• O-phospho-L-tyrosyl-[protein] + H2O = L-tyrosyl-[protein] + phosphate (RHEA:10684)

UniProt features (93 total): strand 28, helix 23, glycosylation site 7, turn 7, sequence conflict 6, binding site 3, modified residue 3, compositionally biased region 2, active site 2, topological domain 2, domain 2, region of interest 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, splice variant 1, sequence variant 1, mutagenesis site 1, transmembrane region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
6UZT	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.8

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P18433-F1	82.51	0.70

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (2): 442 (phosphocysteine intermediate); 732 (phosphocysteine intermediate)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (3): 410; 442–448; 486

Post-translational modifications (3): 211, 213, 798

Glycosylation sites (7): 21, 36, 68, 80, 86, 104, 124

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (1):

Position	Phenotype
798	abolishes integrin-mediated interaction with bcar1 and bcar3 and reduces interaction between bcar1 and crk and, bcar1 an

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-375165	NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth
R-HSA-5673001	RAF/MAP kinase cascade

MSigDB gene sets: 450 (showing top): GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD8A_DC_UP, CMYB_01, GOBP_FOCAL_ADHESION_ASSEMBLY, BIOCARTA_SRCRPTP_PATHWAY, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, REACTOME_NCAM_SIGNALING_FOR_NEURITE_OUT_GROWTH, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_JUNCTION_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_COMPONENT_BIOGENESIS, AAAYRNCTG_UNKNOWN, GOBP_CELL_JUNCTION_ORGANIZATION, ONKEN_UVEAL_MELANOMA_UP, MORF_ATOX1, BLALOCK_ALZHEIMERS_DISEASE_UP, TGCTGAY_UNKNOWN, DACOSTA_UV_RESPONSE_VIA_ERCC3_COMMON_DN

GO Biological Process (5): signal transduction (GO:0007165), integrin-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0007229), regulation of focal adhesion assembly (GO:0051893), protein dephosphorylation (GO:0006470), dephosphorylation (GO:0016311)

GO Molecular Function (5): protein tyrosine phosphatase activity (GO:0004725), transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity (GO:0005001), phosphoprotein phosphatase activity (GO:0004721), protein binding (GO:0005515), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787)

GO Cellular Component (6): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), focal adhesion (GO:0005925), membrane (GO:0016020), signaling receptor complex (GO:0043235), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), anchoring junction (GO:0070161)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Axon guidance	1
MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	1
regulation of cell-matrix adhesion	1
focal adhesion assembly	1
regulation of cell-substrate junction assembly	1
dephosphorylation	1
protein modification process	1
phosphate-containing compound metabolic process	1
phosphoprotein phosphatase activity	1
protein tyrosine phosphatase activity	1
transmembrane receptor protein phosphatase activity	1
phosphatase activity	1
catalytic activity, acting on a protein	1
binding	1
catalytic activity	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
cell-substrate junction	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
protein-containing complex	1
extracellular vesicle	1
cell junction	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1628 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
PTPRA	PTS	Q03393	948
PTPRA	FYN	P06241	895
PTPRA	MAPK1	P28482	739
PTPRA	FN1	P02751	683
PTPRA	GRB2	P29354	650
PTPRA	MAPK14	Q16539	644
PTPRA	CSK	P41240	619
PTPRA	DUSP3	P51452	616
PTPRA	PTK2	Q05397	580
PTPRA	UBOX5	O94941	573
PTPRA	SRC	P12931	572
PTPRA	HCK	P08631	569
PTPRA	PTPN13	Q12923	556
PTPRA	CNTN6	Q9UQ52	556
PTPRA	PTPN14	Q15678	548

IntAct

84 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
PTPRA	GRB2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.940
GRB2	PTPRA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.940
GRB2	PTPRA	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.940
GRB2	PTPRA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.940
SRC	PTPRA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
SRC	PTPRA	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.730
PTPRA	SRC	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.730
SRC	PTPRA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.730
PTPRA	PTPRE	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
PTPRA	LGALS1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
PTPRA	EGFR	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.630
EGFR	PTPRA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.630
SRC	PTPRA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.590
PTPRA	SRC	psi-mi:“MI:0203”(dephosphorylation reaction)	0.590
FCN1	POTEF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SP4	PTPRA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
GRB2	ARHGEF35	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PTPRA	LGALS8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
LGALS3	PODXL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CYB561	PTPRA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530

BioGRID (208): PTPRA (Affinity Capture-MS), PTPRA (Affinity Capture-MS), PTPRA (Two-hybrid), PTPRA (Affinity Capture-MS), PTPRA (Affinity Capture-MS), PTPRA (Affinity Capture-MS), PTPRA (Affinity Capture-MS), PTPRA (Two-hybrid), PTPRA (Affinity Capture-Western), PTPRA (Affinity Capture-Western), ARL2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ATXN2 (Affinity Capture-MS), GRB2 (Affinity Capture-MS), KCNMA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NCBP1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0G2JXT6, A0A6I8TCE0, A2ALK8, A4IFG2, A9JRL3, B0X4T2, O42127, O82656, P11362, P16092, P18052, P18433, P18460, P18461, P21802, P21803, P21804, P22182, P22607, P26045, P28191, P29074, P35832, P36583, Q03364, Q04589, Q16832, Q21029, Q24488, Q4R6N0, Q504C1, Q5R4L1, Q61851, Q62371, Q62688, Q6DD21, Q8JG38, Q8N0W4, Q90330, Q90413

Diamond homologs: A0A6I8TCE0, A1L1L3, A2ALK8, A4IFW2, B0V2N1, B0X4T2, B1AUH1, B2GV87, B2RU80, B3DK56, B9EKR1, E9Q0N2, E9Q612, F1NWE3, G5EC24, G5EGJ9, H2KZM6, O02695, O08617, O13016, O35239, O55082, P06800, P16620, P17706, P18031, P18052, P18433, P20417, P23467, P23468, P23469, P23470, P23471, P26045, P28191, P29074, P29350, P29351, P29352

SIGNOR signaling

13 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
SRC	“up-regulates activity”	PTPRA	phosphorylation
PTPRA	down-regulates	KCNB1	dephosphorylation
PTPRA	up-regulates	FYN	dephosphorylation
PTPRA	“up-regulates activity”	SRC	dephosphorylation
PTPRA	“down-regulates activity”	PTPRA	dephosphorylation
PRKCD	“up-regulates activity”	PTPRA	phosphorylation
MARCHF9	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	PTPRA	ubiquitination
PTPRA	“down-regulates activity”	VPS33B	dephosphorylation
PTPRA	up-regulates	SRC	dephosphorylation
PTPRA	“up-regulates activity”	FYN	dephosphorylation
PTPRA	“down-regulates activity”	LYN	dephosphorylation

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 72 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation	5	13.2×	2e-03
Axon guidance	8	9.0×	8e-04
Nervous system development	8	8.6×	8e-04
Hemostasis	7	6.3×	3e-03
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system	6	6.1×	8e-03

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	5	20.3×	3e-03
cell-cell adhesion	6	10.0×	7e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

189 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	2
Likely pathogenic	3
Uncertain significance	142
Likely benign	9
Benign	5

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (5)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
4072036	NM_022575.4(VPS16):c.1955dup (p.Thr653fs)	Pathogenic
987481	NM_022575.4(VPS16):c.1903C>T (p.Arg635Ter)	Pathogenic
1804074	NM_022575.4(VPS16):c.1988_1989insG (p.Asn663fs)	Likely pathogenic
2430290	NM_022575.4(VPS16):c.2272-18C>A	Likely pathogenic
4072396	NM_022575.4(VPS16):c.2066dup (p.Gln690fs)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

4886 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
20:2873761:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
20:2921165:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
20:2923201:TTGCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
20:2923202:TGCAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
20:2923203:GCA:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
20:2923204:CAGGT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
20:2923205:A:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
20:2923206:G:GA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
20:2948021:GCTA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
20:2948025:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
20:2964849:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:2975113:A:T	donor_gain	1.0000
20:2988335:CA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
20:2988336:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:2988337:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:2988337:G:GT	acceptor_loss	1.0000
20:2988337:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:2988463:G:T	donor_gain	1.0000
20:2988473:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
20:2988475:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
20:3005127:A:G	donor_gain	1.0000
20:3005142:GCCTT:G	donor_gain	1.0000
20:3005147:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
20:3007339:CCTA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
20:3007341:TAGAT:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
20:3007342:A:AC	acceptor_loss	1.0000
20:3007342:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:3007343:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:3007343:G:GT	acceptor_loss	1.0000
20:3007343:GAT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

5294 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
20:2988413:T:C	L226P	1.000
20:2988469:T:C	F245L	1.000
20:2988471:C:A	F245L	1.000
20:2988471:C:G	F245L	1.000
20:3005112:C:A	N265K	1.000
20:3005112:C:G	N265K	1.000
20:3005124:T:A	N269K	1.000
20:3005124:T:G	N269K	1.000
20:3005125:C:G	R270G	1.000
20:3005126:G:C	R270P	1.000
20:3005128:T:C	Y271H	1.000
20:3005129:A:G	Y271C	1.000
20:3005136:C:A	N273K	1.000
20:3005136:C:G	N273K	1.000
20:3005138:T:A	I274N	1.000
20:3007359:T:A	V282D	1.000
20:3007405:T:A	N297K	1.000
20:3007405:T:G	N297K	1.000
20:3007406:G:C	A298P	1.000
20:3007407:C:A	A298D	1.000
20:3007409:T:C	S299P	1.000
20:3015877:C:A	A312D	1.000
20:3015884:A:C	Q314H	1.000
20:3015884:A:T	Q314H	1.000
20:3015885:G:A	G315R	1.000
20:3015885:G:C	G315R	1.000
20:3017816:G:A	G315E	1.000
20:3017819:C:A	P316Q	1.000
20:3017819:C:G	P316R	1.000
20:3017845:T:A	W325R	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000016395 (20:2967299 T>TCTA), RS1000028878 (20:3010436 G>A), RS1000042158 (20:3014268 A>G), RS1000064071 (20:3010262 C>T), RS1000064680 (20:2966957 T>C), RS1000083295 (20:2965499 G>A), RS1000086741 (20:2904643 G>A), RS1000087777 (20:2923832 G>T), RS1000097902 (20:2905674 T>G), RS1000122639 (20:2929898 G>C), RS1000128999 (20:2921796 C>G), RS1000144924 (20:3033873 G>A), RS1000160004 (20:2922383 A>C), RS1000187582 (20:3004728 A>G), RS1000193373 (20:2869116 G>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:176884 | disease phenotypes: MIM:619291, MIM:209850

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (2): dystonia 30 (MONDO:0025691), autism (MONDO:0005260)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

12 total (13 of 12 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000716	Depression
HP:0000734	Disinhibition
HP:0000739	Anxiety
HP:0001249	Intellectual disability
HP:0002063	Rigidity
HP:0002067	Bradykinesia
HP:0002307	Drooling
HP:0002322	Resting tremor
HP:0002548	Parkinsonism with favorable response to dopaminergic medication
HP:0003621	Juvenile onset
HP:0012452	Restless legs
HP:0000717	Autism

GWAS associations

7 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST008156_64	Hip circumference adjusted for BMI	4.000000e-06
GCST90002385_522	High light scatter reticulocyte count	1.000000e-11
GCST90002386_219	High light scatter reticulocyte percentage of red cells	1.000000e-10
GCST90002387_153	Immature fraction of reticulocytes	1.000000e-15
GCST90002393_678	Monocyte count	1.000000e-15
GCST90002398_51	Neutrophil count	1.000000e-12
GCST90002407_639	White blood cell count	1.000000e-11

EFO canonical traits (4, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0008039	BMI-adjusted hip circumference
EFO:0007986	reticulocyte count
EFO:0005091	monocyte count
EFO:0004833	neutrophil count

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D001321	Autistic Disorder	F03.625.164.113.500

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL3918 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: catalytic receptor — Receptor tyrosine phosphatase (RTP) family

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

1 measured of 1 human assays (1 total across all organisms); most potent 1 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value	Patent
6-hydroxy-3-iodo-1-methyl-2-[3-[[2-oxo-2-(4-thiophen-3-ylanilino)acetyl]amino]phenyl]indole-5-carboxylic acid	IC50	2900 nM	US-9522881: Hydroxyindole carboxylic acid based inhibitors for oncogenic Src homology-2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2)

ChEMBL bioactivities

27 potent at pChembl≥5 of 50 total, top 26 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
7.62	Ki	24	nM	CHEMBL326115
7.19	Ki	65	nM	CHEMBL116605
7.14	Ki	73	nM	CHEMBL117699
6.92	Ki	120	nM	CHEMBL116692
6.80	Ki	160	nM	CHEMBL68125
6.64	Ki	230	nM	CHEMBL117496
6.42	Ki	380	nM	CHEMBL55243
6.33	Ki	470	nM	CHEMBL325029
6.08	Ki	840	nM	CHEMBL326829
6.08	Ki	830	nM	CHEMBL116901
6.07	Ki	860	nM	CHEMBL116744
6.05	IC50	900	nM	CHEMBL379000
6.05	Ki	900	nM	CHEMBL55799
5.96	Ki	1100	nM	CHEMBL303333
5.92	Ki	1200	nM	CHEMBL65097
5.82	Ki	1500	nM	CHEMBL67740
5.58	Ki	2600	nM	CHEMBL326830
5.44	IC50	3600	nM	CHEMBL1254283
5.40	IC50	4000	nM	CHEMBL1253342
5.34	IC50	4600	nM	CHEMBL1253341
5.26	IC50	5500	nM	CHEMBL1253920
5.26	IC50	5500	nM	CHEMBL1254283
5.26	IC50	5500	nM	CHEMBL1253313
5.24	Ki	5800	nM	CHEMBL138106
5.09	IC50	8100	nM	CHEMBL1253313
5.09	IC50	8100	nM	CHEMBL1253920

PubChem BioAssay actives

27 with measured affinity, of 288 total; 23 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
(3S)-4-[[(2S)-1-amino-3-[4-[difluoro(phosphono)methyl]phenyl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-[[2-[4-[difluoro(phosphono)methyl]phenyl]acetyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid	209830: Inhibitory constant against T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase	ki	0.0240	uM
2-[4-[2-acetamido-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxycarbonylphenoxy)butylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-2-ethyl-N-oxaloanilino]benzoic acid	209825: Inhibitory constant of compound against T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase was determined	ki	0.0650	uM
2-[4-[[2-acetamido-3-[4-(2-carboxy-N-oxaloanilino)-3-ethylphenyl]propanoyl]amino]butoxy]-6-hydroxybenzoic acid	209830: Inhibitory constant against T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase	ki	0.0730	uM
2-[4-[2-acetamido-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-2-nitrophenoxy)butylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-2-ethyl-N-oxaloanilino]benzoic acid	209830: Inhibitory constant against T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase	ki	0.1200	uM
2-[2-[(E)-3-amino-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]-4-[2-(methanesulfonamido)-3-oxo-3-(pentylamino)propyl]-N-oxaloanilino]benzoic acid	209829: Inhibitory constant of compound against T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase was determined	ki	0.1600	uM
2-[4-[2-acetamido-3-[4-(5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-methoxycarbonylphenoxy)butylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-2-ethyl-N-oxaloanilino]benzoic acid	209830: Inhibitory constant against T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase	ki	0.2300	uM
2-[4-[2-acetamido-3-[[5-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-3-methylsulfanylpropyl]amino]-5-oxopentyl]amino]-3-oxopropyl]-2-ethyl-N-oxaloanilino]benzoic acid	209830: Inhibitory constant against T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase	ki	0.3800	uM
2-[4-[(2S)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxycarbonylphenoxy)butylamino]-3-oxo-2-(prop-2-enoxycarbonylamino)propyl]-N-oxaloanilino]benzoic acid	209830: Inhibitory constant against T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase	ki	0.4700	uM
2-[4-[2-acetamido-3-[4-[3-hydroxy-2-(methylcarbamoyl)phenoxy]butylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-2-ethyl-N-oxaloanilino]benzoic acid	209830: Inhibitory constant against T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase	ki	0.8300	uM
2-[4-[2-acetamido-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxycarbonyl-4-phenylphenoxy)butylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-2-ethyl-N-oxaloanilino]benzoic acid	209830: Inhibitory constant against T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase	ki	0.8400	uM
2-[4-[2-acetamido-3-[4-(2-methoxycarbonylphenoxy)butylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-2-ethyl-N-oxaloanilino]benzoic acid	209830: Inhibitory constant against T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase	ki	0.8600	uM
2-[4-[2-acetamido-3-oxo-3-(pentylamino)propyl]-2-ethyl-N-oxaloanilino]benzoic acid	209829: Inhibitory constant of compound against T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase was determined	ki	0.9000	uM
[4-(2-benzyl-3-methoxy-2-methoxycarbonyl-3-oxopropyl)phenyl]sulfamic acid	269827: Inhibition HPTPA	ic50	0.9000	uM
2-[[4-[2-acetamido-3-oxo-3-(pentylamino)propyl]naphthalen-1-yl]-oxaloamino]benzoic acid	209829: Inhibitory constant of compound against T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase was determined	ki	1.1000	uM
2-[4-[2-acetamido-3-oxo-3-(pentylamino)propyl]-N-oxalo-2-propan-2-ylanilino]benzoic acid	209829: Inhibitory constant of compound against T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase was determined	ki	1.2000	uM
2-[4-[2-acetamido-3-oxo-3-(pentylamino)propyl]-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-oxaloanilino]benzoic acid	209829: Inhibitory constant of compound against T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase was determined	ki	1.5000	uM
2-[4-[2-acetamido-3-[4-(4-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-methoxycarbonylphenoxy)butylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-2-ethyl-N-oxaloanilino]benzoic acid	209830: Inhibitory constant against T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase	ki	2.6000	uM
4-[(4-anilino-9,10-dioxo-5,8-dihydroanthracen-1-yl)amino]benzenesulfonic acid	513952: Inhibition of human cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase A assessed as change in enzyme activity at pH 7	ic50	3.6000	uM
8-phenyl-1-thia-4,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxylic acid	513952: Inhibition of human cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase A assessed as change in enzyme activity at pH 7	ic50	4.0000	uM
2-amino-3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid	513952: Inhibition of human cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase A assessed as change in enzyme activity at pH 7	ic50	4.6000	uM
5-[(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid	513950: Inhibition of human cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase A assessed as change in enzyme activity at pH 5	ic50	5.5000	uM
2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinolin-3-yl)acetic acid	513950: Inhibition of human cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase A assessed as change in enzyme activity at pH 5	ic50	5.5000	uM
6-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-2-(oxaloamino)-5,7-dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid	209824: Inhibitory effect against T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP) using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate at pH 7.0	ki	5.8000	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

43 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
bisphenol A	decreases expression, decreases methylation	2
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	2
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	2
Atrazine	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
geldanamycin	increases expression	1
methylmercuric chloride	increases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
alpha-pinene	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
trichostatin A	decreases expression	1
beta-lapachone	increases expression	1
alpha-cobratoxin	decreases expression, decreases reaction	1
nickel sulfate	decreases expression	1
methacrylaldehyde	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
2-(oxalylamino)benzoic acid	decreases activity	1
Vorinostat	decreases expression	1
Acrolein	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Air Pollutants	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Arsenates	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Vehicle Emissions	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation	1
Caffeine	affects phosphorylation	1
Cocaine	decreases expression	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression	1
Ivermectin	decreases expression	1
Mecamylamine	decreases expression, decreases reaction	1
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine	decreases expression	1
Nicotine	decreases expression, decreases reaction	1
Ozone	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1

ChEMBL screening assays

41 unique, capped per target: 41 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL1037598	Binding	Inhibition of PTPRA	Knowledge-based characterization of similarity relationships in the human protein-tyrosine phosphatase family for rational inhibitor design. — J Med Chem

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_E1N8	HyCyte U-937 KO-hPTPRA	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00211796	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Divalproex Sodium ER in Adult Autism
NCT00391261	PHASE4	COMPLETED	An Open-label Trial of Metformin for Weight Control of Pediatric Patients on Antipsychotic Medications.
NCT00409747	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Minocycline to Treat Childhood Regressive Autism
NCT00576732	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of the Effectiveness and Safety of Two Doses of Risperidone in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Autistic Disorder
NCT00844753	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Atomoxetine, Placebo and Parent Management Training in Autism
NCT01028820	PHASE4	COMPLETED	FMRI Brain Activation of Aripiprazole Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01098383	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Treatment With Acetyl-Choline Esterase Inhibitors in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01333865	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Memantine Hydrochloride (Namenda®) for Cognitive and Behavioral Impairment in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01337700	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Milnacipran in Autism and the Functional Locus Coeruleus and Noradrenergic Model of Autism
NCT01695200	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT02069977	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Aripiprazole
NCT02096952	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Methylphenidate ER Liquid Formulation in Adults With ASD and ADHD
NCT02199925	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	An Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of High-Dose Gammaplex in Children on the Autism Spectrum
NCT02235467	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Multisite Study: Parental Training Using Video Modelling to Develop Social Skills in Children With Autism
NCT02255565	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Dose Response Effects of Quillivant XR in Children With ADHD and Autism: A Pilot Study
NCT02940574	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Neural and Behavioral Effects of Oxytocin in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT03333629	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Promoting Positive Outcomes for Individuals With ASD: Linking Early Detection, Treatment, and Long-term Outcomes
NCT03337646	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of the Effect and Safety of Lisdexamfetamine in Children Aged 6-12 With ADHD and Autism
NCT03538431	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Improving Driving in Young People With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT03757585	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Natural Treatments for the Management of Emotional Dysregulation in Youth With Non-verbal Learning Disability (NVLD) and/or Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
NCT04903353	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pragmatic Trial Comparing Weight Gain in Children With Autism Taking Risperidone Versus Aripiprazole
NCT05063656	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Biomarker-Driven Pharmacological Treatment of Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder With Gabapentin
NCT05146245	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Antipsychotics in Children 2: Studying TDM in an RCT
NCT05916339	PHASE4	RECRUITING	AWARE: Management of ADHD in Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT05954052	PHASE4	TERMINATED	A Study of Glutathione in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT06853665	PHASE4	RECRUITING	The TEAM Study - Treatment Efficacy for Autism/Attention Using Mixed Amphetamine
NCT07054697	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pilot-RCT With Individualized Homeopathic Treatment in the Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT07161804	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pilot RCT Using Homeopathic Medicines in ASD
NCT07439042	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Buspirone for Anxiety in Autistic Youth
NCT00036231	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Synthetic Human Secretin in Children With Autism and Gastrointestinal Dysfunction
NCT00036244	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Synthetic Human Secretin in Children With Autism
NCT00065884	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Valproate Response in Aggressive Autistic Adolescents
NCT00065962	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Secretin for the Treatment of Autism
NCT00252603	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Galantamine Versus Placebo in Childhood Autism
NCT00346736	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Use of Acupuncture In Children With Autistic Spectrum Disorder
NCT00352248	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Randomized Controlled Trial of Acupuncture Versus Sham Acupuncture in Autistic Spectrum Disorder
NCT00352352	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Use of Acupuncture In Children With Autistic Spectrum Disorder
NCT00355329	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Randomized Control Trial of Using Tongue Acupuncture in Autistic Spectrum Disorder Using PET Scan for Clinical Correlation
NCT00498173	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Atomoxetine in Treating ADHD Symptoms in Children and Adolescents With Autism
NCT00541346	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Pilot Study of Daytrana TM in Children With Autism Co-Morbid for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms