PYROXD2
gene geneOn this page
Also known as FLJ23849
Summary
PYROXD2 (pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase domain 2, HGNC:23517) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 10q24.2, encoding Pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase domain-containing protein 2 (Q8N2H3). Probable oxidoreductase that may play a role as regulator of mitochondrial function.
Predicted to enable oxidoreductase activity. Involved in mitochondrion organization. Located in mitochondrial matrix.
Source: NCBI Gene 84795 — RefSeq curated summary.
At a glance
- Gene–disease (curated): mitochondrial disease (Limited, GenCC)
- GWAS associations: 27
- Clinical variants (ClinVar): 119 total
- MANE Select transcript:
NM_032709
Identifiers
Gene identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| HGNC ID | HGNC:23517 |
| Approved symbol | PYROXD2 |
| Name | pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase domain 2 |
| Location | 10q24.2 |
| Locus type | gene with protein product |
| Status | Approved |
| Aliases | FLJ23849 |
| Ensembl gene | ENSG00000119943 |
| Ensembl biotype | protein_coding |
| OMIM | 617889 |
| Entrez | 84795 |
Gene structure
Transcript identifiers
Ensembl transcripts: 10 — 8 protein_coding, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined
ENST00000370575, ENST00000462874, ENST00000464808, ENST00000483923, ENST00000494941, ENST00000906252, ENST00000906253, ENST00000906254, ENST00000965722, ENST00000965723
RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_032709
NM_032709
CCDS: CCDS7474
Canonical transcript exons
ENST00000370575 — 16 exons
| Exon | Start | End |
|---|---|---|
| ENSE00000933130 | 98388354 | 98388508 |
| ENSE00000933132 | 98391010 | 98391082 |
| ENSE00001019639 | 98410939 | 98410958 |
| ENSE00001453066 | 98415009 | 98415182 |
| ENSE00003493836 | 98395391 | 98395452 |
| ENSE00003527157 | 98392432 | 98392566 |
| ENSE00003549572 | 98383568 | 98383868 |
| ENSE00003565356 | 98392942 | 98393083 |
| ENSE00003571403 | 98384947 | 98385067 |
| ENSE00003621463 | 98387201 | 98387307 |
| ENSE00003639055 | 98395196 | 98395293 |
| ENSE00003653275 | 98407582 | 98407655 |
| ENSE00003662292 | 98390598 | 98390754 |
| ENSE00003663037 | 98397345 | 98397498 |
| ENSE00003671411 | 98400102 | 98400257 |
| ENSE00003690174 | 98407904 | 98407997 |
Expression profiles
Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 240 present calls, max score 95.19.
FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 6.9765 / max 93.5236, expressed in 1409 samples.
FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)
| Promoter ID | TPM avg | Samples expressed |
|---|---|---|
| 110964 | 5.5322 | 1356 |
| 110965 | 1.4444 | 915 |
Top tissues by expression
250 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):
| Tissue | Anatomy ID | Expression score | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|
| right uterine tube | UBERON:0001302 | 95.19 | gold quality |
| nasal cavity epithelium | UBERON:0005384 | 92.60 | gold quality |
| right adrenal gland cortex | UBERON:0035827 | 91.97 | gold quality |
| right adrenal gland | UBERON:0001233 | 91.84 | gold quality |
| kidney epithelium | UBERON:0004819 | 91.79 | silver quality |
| adrenal cortex | UBERON:0001235 | 90.93 | gold quality |
| left adrenal gland cortex | UBERON:0035825 | 90.92 | gold quality |
| left adrenal gland | UBERON:0001234 | 90.61 | gold quality |
| saliva-secreting gland | UBERON:0001044 | 90.54 | gold quality |
| minor salivary gland | UBERON:0001830 | 90.50 | gold quality |
| endocervix | UBERON:0000458 | 90.49 | gold quality |
| tibial nerve | UBERON:0001323 | 90.38 | gold quality |
| apex of heart | UBERON:0002098 | 90.07 | gold quality |
| left ovary | UBERON:0002119 | 89.89 | gold quality |
| granulocyte | CL:0000094 | 89.75 | gold quality |
| buccal mucosa cell | CL:0002336 | 89.70 | gold quality |
| left ventricle myocardium | UBERON:0006566 | 89.52 | gold quality |
| right lobe of thyroid gland | UBERON:0001119 | 89.49 | gold quality |
| right hemisphere of cerebellum | UBERON:0014890 | 89.47 | gold quality |
| right ovary | UBERON:0002118 | 89.30 | gold quality |
| parotid gland | UBERON:0001831 | 89.02 | gold quality |
| left lobe of thyroid gland | UBERON:0001120 | 89.01 | gold quality |
| cerebellar hemisphere | UBERON:0002245 | 88.66 | gold quality |
| spleen | UBERON:0002106 | 88.60 | gold quality |
| thyroid gland | UBERON:0002046 | 88.59 | gold quality |
| adrenal gland | UBERON:0002369 | 88.48 | gold quality |
| olfactory segment of nasal mucosa | UBERON:0005386 | 88.27 | gold quality |
| esophagogastric junction muscularis propria | UBERON:0035841 | 88.26 | gold quality |
| cerebellar cortex | UBERON:0002129 | 88.25 | gold quality |
| small intestine Peyer’s patch | UBERON:0003454 | 88.20 | gold quality |
Single-cell (SCXA)
Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.
| Experiment | Marker? | Max mean expression |
|---|---|---|
| E-GEOD-81608 | yes | 14.08 |
| E-ANND-3 | yes | 3.64 |
Regulation
Is transcription factor: no
miRNA regulators (miRDB)
16 targeting PYROXD2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):
| miRNA | Max score | Avg score | miRNA target_count |
|---|---|---|---|
| HSA-MIR-4778-3P | 99.93 | 70.40 | 1818 |
| HSA-MIR-6783-3P | 99.89 | 67.92 | 2059 |
| HSA-MIR-1343-3P | 99.89 | 66.78 | 1815 |
| HSA-MIR-379-3P | 99.69 | 69.60 | 1524 |
| HSA-MIR-411-3P | 99.69 | 69.63 | 1524 |
| HSA-MIR-3612 | 99.45 | 66.02 | 1333 |
| HSA-MIR-650 | 99.45 | 65.77 | 1309 |
| HSA-MIR-3614-5P | 99.30 | 65.25 | 837 |
| HSA-MIR-1843 | 98.97 | 66.07 | 838 |
| HSA-MIR-4802-5P | 98.97 | 66.26 | 833 |
| HSA-MIR-4742-3P | 98.73 | 69.82 | 1803 |
| HSA-MIR-3945 | 98.68 | 64.21 | 553 |
| HSA-MIR-4443 | 98.02 | 66.25 | 1928 |
| HSA-MIR-6742-3P | 97.95 | 64.50 | 1490 |
| HSA-MIR-526B-5P | 97.41 | 67.99 | 1074 |
| HSA-MIR-3974 | 96.56 | 66.22 | 928 |
Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)
- MZF1 gene expression was not significantly correlated with PYROXD2 protein expression in the samples of resected tumor tissues, which revealed that the PYROXD2 promoter transcription activity was determined by the aggregated effect of numerous transcription factors. This finding may be helpful in understanding the underlying mechanism which regulates the PYROXD2 expression. (PMID:29048625)
- data illustrated that PYROXD2 localizes to the mitochondrial inner membrane/matrix, and it plays important roles in regulating mitochondrial function. (PMID:31170524)
Cross-species orthologs
3 orthologs
| Organism | Symbol | Gene ID |
|---|---|---|
| mus_musculus | Pyroxd2 | ENSMUSG00000060224 |
| rattus_norvegicus | Pyroxd2 | ENSRNOG00000015807 |
| caenorhabditis_elegans | WBGENE00018146 |
Paralogs (2): RETSAT (ENSG00000042445), BLOC1S2 (ENSG00000196072)
Protein
Protein identifiers
Pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase domain-containing protein 2 — Q8N2H3 (reviewed: Q8N2H3)
All UniProt accessions (3): Q8N2H3, A0A8V8TN71, A0A8V8TPH0
UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →
Function. Probable oxidoreductase that may play a role as regulator of mitochondrial function.
Subunit / interactions. Interacts with COX5B; this interaction may contribute to localize PYROXD2 to the inner face of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Subcellular location. Mitochondrion matrix.
Similarity. Belongs to the carotenoid/retinoid oxidoreductase family.
RefSeq proteins (1): NP_116098* (*=MANE)
Domains & families (InterPro)
| ID | Name | Type |
|---|---|---|
| IPR002937 | Amino_oxidase | Domain |
| IPR036188 | FAD/NAD-bd_sf | Homologous_superfamily |
Pfam: PF01593, PF13450
UniProt features (5 total): sequence variant 3, chain 1, binding site 1
Structure
Experimental structures (PDB)
0 structures.
Predicted structure (AlphaFold)
| Model | pLDDT | Fraction very-high |
|---|---|---|
| AF-Q8N2H3-F1 | 91.56 | 0.82 |
Functional residue map
Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.
Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (1): 38–71
Function
Pathways and Gene Ontology
Reactome pathways
0 pathways
MSigDB gene sets: 52 (showing top):
ACEVEDO_NORMAL_TISSUE_ADJACENT_TO_LIVER_TUMOR_DN, LINDGREN_BLADDER_CANCER_CLUSTER_3_DN, HEIDENBLAD_AMPLICON_8Q24_DN, CREIGHTON_ENDOCRINE_THERAPY_RESISTANCE_1, ROZANOV_MMP14_TARGETS_UP, MODULE_206, SUZUKI_RESPONSE_TO_TSA_AND_DECITABINE_1A, TAKEDA_TARGETS_OF_NUP98_HOXA9_FUSION_16D_DN, GOCC_MITOCHONDRIAL_MATRIX, MIKKELSEN_ES_ICP_WITH_H3K4ME3, LIM_MAMMARY_STEM_CELL_DN, CSR_LATE_UP.V1_DN, STK33_SKM_DN, GREB1_TARGET_GENES, NFKBIA_TARGET_GENES
GO Biological Process (1): mitochondrion organization (GO:0007005)
GO Molecular Function (2): oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491), protein binding (GO:0005515)
GO Cellular Component (2): mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial matrix (GO:0005759)
GO top-level categories
Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:
| Category | Terms |
|---|---|
| organelle organization | 1 |
| catalytic activity | 1 |
| binding | 1 |
| cytoplasm | 1 |
| intracellular membrane-bounded organelle | 1 |
| mitochondrion | 1 |
| intracellular organelle lumen | 1 |
Protein interactions and networks
STRING
1383 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):
| Protein A | Protein B | Partner UniProt | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| PYROXD2 | NAT8 | Q9UHE5 | 624 |
| PYROXD2 | COX5B | P10606 | 504 |
| PYROXD2 | TPD52L2 | O43399 | 435 |
| PYROXD2 | LZIC | Q8WZA0 | 425 |
| PYROXD2 | LRCH3 | Q96II8 | 399 |
| PYROXD2 | THEM4 | Q5T1C6 | 382 |
| PYROXD2 | AGXT2 | Q9BYV1 | 381 |
| PYROXD2 | SPATA4 | Q8NEY3 | 381 |
| PYROXD2 | SIPA1L3 | O60292 | 373 |
| PYROXD2 | UTP14C | Q5TAP6 | 372 |
| PYROXD2 | ACADS | P16219 | 365 |
| PYROXD2 | SLC10A7 | Q0GE19 | 362 |
| PYROXD2 | AASDH | Q4L235 | 356 |
| PYROXD2 | GASK1B | Q6UWH4 | 352 |
| PYROXD2 | COQ3 | Q9NZJ6 | 349 |
| PYROXD2 | HMGCR | P04035 | 349 |
IntAct
11 interactions, top by confidence:
| A | B | Type | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| PYROXD2 | APPBP2 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| SLC31A1 | PRORP | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.530 |
| PYROXD2 | MYL4 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.370 |
| PYROXD2 | CSNK2B | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.370 |
| DENND11 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.350 | |
| NUDT19 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.350 | |
| GPR45 | VWA8 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.350 |
| CD80 | RIMOC1 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.350 |
BioGRID (9): PYROXD2 (Two-hybrid), PYROXD2 (Two-hybrid), PYROXD2 (Synthetic Lethality), PYROXD2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PYROXD2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PYROXD2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PYROXD2 (Affinity Capture-RNA), PYROXD2 (Two-hybrid), PYROXD2 (Two-hybrid)
ESM2 similar proteins: A0A7J6EK66, A0A803PDZ0, A1L0T0, A2ATU0, A2XFI3, A2Y5L9, A2YQ76, A6QQT9, A7YWE4, O22567, O61856, O78328, O82647, P20906, P28516, P33287, P39994, P51845, P51846, P51850, P51851, P66947, P9WG38, P9WG39, Q0D3D2, Q0DHF6, Q0JMH0, Q10MW3, Q38854, Q3JAD1, Q3MHH6, Q3U4I7, Q4KLP0, Q5RAP5, Q68FT3, Q6DDK5, Q6JQN1, Q6NV04, Q6YU51, Q8BU33
Diamond homologs: P06108, Q3MHH6, Q3U4I7, Q5RAP5, Q68FT3, Q8N2H3, P64752, P9WKP6, P9WKP7
SIGNOR signaling
0 interactions.
Disease & clinical
Clinical variants and AI predictions
ClinVar
119 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):
| Classification | Count (floor) |
|---|---|
| Pathogenic | 0 |
| Likely pathogenic | 0 |
| Uncertain significance | 96 |
| Likely benign | 6 |
| Benign | 0 |
Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)
SpliceAI
3507 predictions. Top by Δscore:
| Variant | Effect | Δscore |
|---|---|---|
| 10:98387197:ATAC:A | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387198:TA:T | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387199:A:AC | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387199:AC:A | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387199:ACC:A | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387200:C:CC | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387200:C:CT | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387200:CC:C | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387200:CCC:C | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387200:CCCCT:C | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387303:AAACA:A | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387304:AACA:A | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387306:CA:C | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387307:AC:A | acceptor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387308:C:CC | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387308:CT:C | acceptor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387309:T:C | acceptor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387313:G:C | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387313:G:GC | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387317:C:CT | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387317:C:T | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387318:A:T | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 10:98387323:C:CT | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 10:98390592:CCCTA:C | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 10:98390593:CCTA:C | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 10:98390594:CTA:C | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 10:98390595:TA:T | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 10:98390597:C:A | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 10:98390751:GCCA:G | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 10:98390752:CCA:C | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
AlphaMissense
3760 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:
| Variant | Protein change | am_pathogenicity |
|---|---|---|
| 10:98407621:G:C | S92R | 0.992 |
| 10:98407621:G:T | S92R | 0.992 |
| 10:98407623:T:G | S92R | 0.992 |
| 10:98384966:A:C | C552W | 0.991 |
| 10:98407936:C:T | G70E | 0.991 |
| 10:98407960:A:T | V62D | 0.991 |
| 10:98390751:G:T | A380D | 0.990 |
| 10:98391017:C:A | K376N | 0.990 |
| 10:98391017:C:G | K376N | 0.990 |
| 10:98384960:A:C | S554R | 0.989 |
| 10:98384960:A:T | S554R | 0.989 |
| 10:98384962:T:G | S554R | 0.989 |
| 10:98388482:G:A | S440F | 0.989 |
| 10:98383845:C:A | G567W | 0.988 |
| 10:98407651:A:C | F82L | 0.988 |
| 10:98407651:A:T | F82L | 0.988 |
| 10:98407653:A:G | F82L | 0.988 |
| 10:98407936:C:A | G70V | 0.988 |
| 10:98407997:C:G | A50P | 0.988 |
| 10:98385065:G:C | N519K | 0.987 |
| 10:98385065:G:T | N519K | 0.987 |
| 10:98388430:G:C | F457L | 0.987 |
| 10:98388430:G:T | F457L | 0.987 |
| 10:98388432:A:G | F457L | 0.987 |
| 10:98392992:C:G | A293P | 0.987 |
| 10:98383853:C:T | G564E | 0.986 |
| 10:98383854:C:G | G564R | 0.986 |
| 10:98383854:C:T | G564R | 0.986 |
| 10:98385059:G:C | F521L | 0.986 |
| 10:98385059:G:T | F521L | 0.986 |
dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000019291 (10:98408603 T>C), RS1000131177 (10:98414165 C>T), RS1000162143 (10:98413985 G>A), RS1000360835 (10:98408616 C>T), RS1000424691 (10:98394344 G>A), RS1000432222 (10:98400446 G>A,C), RS1000483808 (10:98401489 C>T), RS1000562093 (10:98392779 G>T), RS1000638309 (10:98407677 A>G), RS1000700258 (10:98395982 T>C), RS1000774572 (10:98394559 C>A), RS1000831684 (10:98404280 A>C,G), RS1000875856 (10:98390809 A>G), RS1000879119 (10:98403936 G>C), RS1001113244 (10:98385717 C>T)
Disease associations
OMIM: gene MIM:617889 | disease phenotypes: MIM:256000
GenCC curated gene-disease
| Disease | Classification | Inheritance |
|---|---|---|
| mitochondrial disease | Limited | Autosomal recessive |
Mondo (2): Leigh syndrome (MONDO:0009723), mitochondrial disease (MONDO:0044970)
Orphanet (1): Leigh syndrome (Orphanet:506)
HPO phenotypes
0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):
GWAS associations
27 associations (top):
| Study | Trait | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| GCST001220_1 | Metabolite levels | 8.000000e-15 |
| GCST001762_344 | Obesity-related traits | 4.000000e-07 |
| GCST001882_3 | Metabolite levels | 2.000000e-91 |
| GCST002364_22 | Urinary metabolites (H-NMR features) | 3.000000e-164 |
| GCST002364_23 | Urinary metabolites (H-NMR features) | 8.000000e-30 |
| GCST002364_24 | Urinary metabolites (H-NMR features) | 2.000000e-55 |
| GCST002364_25 | Urinary metabolites (H-NMR features) | 3.000000e-22 |
| GCST002364_26 | Urinary metabolites (H-NMR features) | 6.000000e-19 |
| GCST002364_27 | Urinary metabolites (H-NMR features) | 2.000000e-19 |
| GCST002364_28 | Urinary metabolites (H-NMR features) | 4.000000e-12 |
| GCST002364_29 | Urinary metabolites (H-NMR features) | 2.000000e-20 |
| GCST002364_30 | Urinary metabolites (H-NMR features) | 4.000000e-34 |
| GCST003119_17 | Urinary metabolites | 1.000000e-307 |
| GCST006249_50 | Serum metabolite levels | 2.000000e-281 |
| GCST006249_75 | Serum metabolite levels | 1.000000e-27 |
| GCST009470_2 | Plasma pyridoxal phosphate to pyridoxal ratio | 4.000000e-08 |
| GCST009733_215 | Urinary metabolite levels in chronic kidney disease | 2.000000e-309 |
| GCST009733_219 | Urinary metabolite levels in chronic kidney disease | 1.000000e-234 |
| GCST009733_62 | Urinary metabolite levels in chronic kidney disease | 2.000000e-209 |
| GCST009733_85 | Urinary metabolite levels in chronic kidney disease | 0.000000e+00 |
| GCST009733_86 | Urinary metabolite levels in chronic kidney disease | 0.000000e+00 |
| GCST009733_88 | Urinary metabolite levels in chronic kidney disease | 7.000000e-81 |
| GCST009735_10 | Urinary metabolite modules (eigenmetabolites) in chronic kidney disease | 0.000000e+00 |
| GCST012020_414 | Serum metabolite levels | 4.000000e-62 |
| GCST012020_415 | Serum metabolite levels | 1.000000e-15 |
| GCST012020_416 | Serum metabolite levels | 4.000000e-226 |
| GCST012020_417 | Serum metabolite levels | 3.000000e-89 |
EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)
| EFO ID | Trait name |
|---|---|
| EFO:0004725 | metabolite measurement |
| EFO:0005116 | urinary metabolite measurement |
| EFO:0004621 | vitamin B6 measurement |
MeSH disease descriptors (1)
| Descriptor | Name | Tree numbers |
|---|---|---|
| D007888 | Leigh Disease | C10.228.140.163.100.412; C16.320.565.189.412; C16.320.565.202.810.444; C18.452.132.100.412; C18.452.648.189.412; C18.452.648.202.810.444; C18.452.660.520 |
Drugs & pharmacology
Drug and pharmacology data
Is drug target: no
PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)
PharmGKB clinical annotations
1 annotations.
| Variant | Type | Level | Drugs | Phenotypes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1061115 | Efficacy | 3 | methylphenidate | Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity |
CTD chemical–gene interactions
31 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.
| Chemical | Actions (top 5) | PubMed papers |
|---|---|---|
| Vorinostat | affects cotreatment, decreases expression | 2 |
| Arsenic | affects methylation, increases abundance, increases expression | 2 |
| Nickel | decreases expression | 2 |
| aristolochic acid I | increases expression | 1 |
| bisphenol A | decreases methylation | 1 |
| sodium arsenate | increases abundance, increases expression | 1 |
| butylparaben | decreases expression | 1 |
| S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine | affects cotreatment, decreases expression | 1 |
| di-n-butylphosphoric acid | affects expression | 1 |
| entinostat | increases expression | 1 |
| 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide | affects cotreatment, decreases expression | 1 |
| belinostat | decreases expression | 1 |
| dorsomorphin | affects cotreatment, decreases expression | 1 |
| jinfukang | increases expression | 1 |
| Resveratrol | increases expression | 1 |
| Temozolomide | increases expression | 1 |
| Sunitinib | decreases expression | 1 |
| Acetaminophen | decreases expression | 1 |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | decreases methylation, increases methylation | 1 |
| Cadmium | increases abundance, increases expression | 1 |
| Calcitriol | increases expression | 1 |
| Diazinon | increases methylation | 1 |
| Doxorubicin | decreases expression | 1 |
| Lipopolysaccharides | affects cotreatment, decreases expression | 1 |
| Silicon Dioxide | decreases expression | 1 |
| Smoke | decreases expression | 1 |
| Tobacco Smoke Pollution | decreases expression | 1 |
| Valproic Acid | increases methylation, decreases expression | 1 |
| Aflatoxin B1 | decreases expression, increases methylation | 1 |
| Cadmium Chloride | increases abundance, increases expression | 1 |
Clinical trials (associated diseases)
112 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.
| Trial | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT03351998 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Impact of Statin Therapy on Muscle Mitochondrial Function and Aerobic Capacity |
| NCT00432744 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Phase III Trial of Coenzyme Q10 in Mitochondrial Disease |
| NCT05162768 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Elamipretide in Subjects With Primary Mitochondrial Disease From Nuclear DNA Mutations (nPMD) |
| NCT06451757 | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | KHENERFIN Study: A Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Sonlicromanol in Primary Mitochondrial Diseases |
| NCT02398201 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | A Study of Bezafibrate in Mitochondrial Myopathy |
| NCT02473445 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | A Long-term Extension of Study RP103-MITO-001 (NCT02023866) to Assess Cysteamine Bitartrate Delayed-release Capsules (RP103) in Children With Inherited Mitochondrial Disease |
| NCT02500628 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Heart Rate Variability in Response to Metformin Challenge |
| NCT02805790 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety, Tolerability, Efficacy of MTP-131 for Treatment of Mitochondrial Disease in Subjects From the MMPOWER Study |
| NCT02909400 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | The KHENERGY Study |
| NCT02976038 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Open-Label Extension Trial to Characterize the Long-term Safety and Tolerability of Elamipretide in Subjects With Genetically Confirmed Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy (PMM) |
| NCT03177798 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Mitochondria and Chronic Kidney Disease |
| NCT03866954 | PHASE2 | WITHDRAWN | Trial of Erythrocyte Encapsulated Thymidine Phosphorylase In Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy |
| NCT04165239 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | The KHENERGYZE Study |
| NCT04604548 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | The KHENEREXT Study |
| NCT04802707 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Deoxynucleosides Pyrimidines as Treatment for Mitochondrial Depletion Syndrome |
| NCT04846036 | PHASE2 | SUSPENDED | The KHENERGYC Study |
| NCT05650229 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Efficacy of KL1333 in Adult Patients With Primary Mitochondrial Disease |
| NCT05972954 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | OMT-28 in Patients With Primary Mitochondrial Disease (PMD) (PMD-OPTION) |
| NCT06017869 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Evaluate the Safety and Therapeutic Effects of a Single Intravenous Infusion (IV) of Autologous CD34+ Cells Enriched With Allogenic Placenta-derived Mitochondria in Patients With a Diagnosis of Pearson Syndrome (PS) |
| NCT07514338 | PHASE2 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Open Label Extension to Assess Long Term Safety and Efficacy of KL1333 in Patients With Primary Mitochondrial Disease |
| NCT01721733 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety and Efficacy Study of EPI-743 in Children With Leigh Syndrome |
| NCT02352896 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Long-Term Safety and Efficacy Evaluation of EPI-743 in Children With Leigh Syndrome |
| NCT03747328 | PHASE2 | WITHDRAWN | ABI-009 (Nab-sirolimus) in Patients With Genetically-confirmed Leigh or Leigh-like Syndrome |
| NCT06843811 | PHASE2 | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION | Sirolimus for Leigh Syndrome |
| NCT06990984 | PHASE2 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | A Dose-ranging Study of TTI-0102 in Adults and Children With Leigh Syndrome Spectrum (LSS) |
| NCT00060515 | PHASE1 | TERMINATED | RG2133 (2’,3’,5’-Tri-O-Acetyluridine) in Mitochondrial Disease |
| NCT02348125 | PHASE1 | UNKNOWN | Does Clinical Treatment of Mitochondrial Dysfunction Impact Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)? |
| NCT02544217 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | A Dose-escalating Clinical Trial With KH176 |
| NCT03888716 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | A Phase Ia/Ib, SAD and MAD Study of of KL1333 in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Primary Mitochondrial Disease |
| NCT04086329 | PHASE1 | RECRUITING | Validation of Oxygen Nanosensor in Mitochondrial Myopathy |
| NCT04643249 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Drug-drug Interaction Study of KL1333 in Healthy Subjects |
| NCT05241262 | PHASE1 | RECRUITING | Study of N-acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Patients With the m.3243A>G Mutation and Low Brain Glutathione Levels |
| NCT05569122 | PHASE1 | RECRUITING | Applying pGz in Mitochondrial Disease |
| NCT06819683 | PHASE1 | RECRUITING | Validation of Nanosensor Oxygen Measurement |
| NCT07258667 | PHASE1 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Pilot Study of the Efficacy of Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) in Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy |
| NCT04378075 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | TERMINATED | A Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Vatiquinone for Treating Mitochondrial Disease in Participants With Refractory Epilepsy |
| NCT01642056 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | EPI-743 for Metabolism or Mitochondrial Disorders |
| NCT03384420 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Therapeutic Effects of Transplantation of MNV-BM-BLD in Pediatric Patients With Pearson Syndrome |
| NCT06051448 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Promoting Resilience in Stress Management (PRISM) and Clinical-focused Narrative (CFN) Pilot in Adults With Primary Mitochondrial Disease (PMD). |
| NCT01252979 | EARLY_PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Ketones & Mitochondrial Heteroplasmy |
Related Atlas pages
- Associated diseases: mitochondrial disease
- Disease cohort memberships (association, not causation — diseases whose associated-gene cohort lists this gene; a subset are also under Associated diseases): Leigh syndrome, mitochondrial disease