RAC2

Summary

RAC2 (Rac family small GTPase 2, HGNC:9802) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 22q13.1, encoding Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (P15153). Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound state.

This gene encodes a member of the Ras superfamily of small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-metabolizing proteins. The encoded protein localizes to the plasma membrane, where it regulates diverse processes, such as secretion, phagocytosis, and cell polarization. Activity of this protein is also involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species. Mutations in this gene are associated with neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 6.

Source: NCBI Gene 5880 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): immunodeficiency 73b with defective neutrophil chemotaxis and lymphopenia (Definitive, GenCC) — +2 more curated relationships
• GWAS associations: 7
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 205 total — 3 pathogenic, 3 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 45
• Druggable target: yes — 1 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• MANE Select transcript: NM_002872

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:9802
Approved symbol	RAC2
Name	Rac family small GTPase 2
Location	22q13.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	EN-7
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000128340
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	602049
Entrez	5880

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 11 — 8 protein_coding, 2 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000249071, ENST00000401529, ENST00000405484, ENST00000406508, ENST00000441619, ENST00000469532, ENST00000481215, ENST00000699915, ENST00000870381, ENST00000870382, ENST00000870383

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_002872 NM_002872

CCDS: CCDS13945

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000249071 — 7 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000653854	37231932	37231994
ENSE00001045309	37244114	37244269
ENSE00001668004	37231231	37231390
ENSE00001875917	37225270	37226039
ENSE00003491576	37226671	37226803
ENSE00003588520	37232801	37232918
ENSE00003599746	37241587	37241658

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 242 present calls, max score 99.61.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 229.2395 / max 4036.4471, expressed in 1589 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (17 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
194049	128.7401	1564
194047	66.5169	1138
194048	28.5409	1110
194025	1.0501	449
194029	0.7764	388
194050	0.6996	373
194035	0.5189	69
194026	0.5162	279
194037	0.4919	241
194030	0.3383	168

Top tissues by expression

275 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	99.61	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	99.46	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	99.14	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	99.09	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	98.91	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	98.89	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	98.88	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	98.88	gold quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	98.84	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	98.81	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	98.70	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	98.69	gold quality
caecum	UBERON:0001153	98.15	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	97.76	gold quality
periodontal ligament	UBERON:0008266	96.55	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	95.44	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	94.58	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	94.25	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	93.93	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	93.93	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	93.87	gold quality
upper lobe of lung	UBERON:0008948	93.40	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	92.86	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	92.50	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	92.37	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	92.22	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	91.99	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	91.97	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	91.61	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	91.40	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 28 experiment(s), a significant marker in 25.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-7606	yes	4120.60
E-MTAB-8142	yes	686.16
E-MTAB-10662	yes	600.15
E-GEOD-75688	yes	509.45
E-GEOD-130473	yes	490.65
E-HCAD-1	yes	131.56
E-MTAB-6701	yes	126.59
E-MTAB-10553	yes	52.28
E-CURD-122	yes	49.49
E-MTAB-10287	yes	44.68
E-HCAD-6	yes	36.96
E-MTAB-6678	yes	35.42
E-HCAD-10	yes	34.53
E-MTAB-8410	yes	30.43
E-GEOD-135922	yes	25.26

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): AP1, JUN, SP1, SP3

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

40 targeting RAC2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4510	100.00	66.60	2050
HSA-MIR-6127	100.00	66.76	2188
HSA-MIR-6129	100.00	66.46	2080
HSA-MIR-6130	100.00	66.69	2012
HSA-MIR-6133	100.00	66.48	2064
HSA-MIR-1184	99.99	68.19	1458
HSA-MIR-4482-3P	99.98	72.50	3147
HSA-MIR-95-5P	99.89	72.17	3973
HSA-MIR-605-3P	99.88	69.22	1833
HSA-MIR-6756-5P	99.82	67.97	2466
HSA-MIR-4663	99.62	65.33	957
HSA-MIR-3128	99.50	67.85	1258
HSA-MIR-1207-5P	99.49	69.11	2983
HSA-MIR-657	99.48	66.02	848
HSA-MIR-6722-3P	99.45	67.62	1919
HSA-MIR-513A-3P	99.39	70.63	3620
HSA-MIR-513C-3P	99.39	70.63	3620
HSA-MIR-3922-3P	99.25	64.96	1136
HSA-MIR-3176	99.25	64.35	954
HSA-MIR-1264	99.25	66.81	1317
HSA-MIR-6809-5P	99.13	68.45	1223
HSA-MIR-4763-3P	99.10	67.83	2649
HSA-MIR-1909-3P	99.03	66.56	1662
HSA-MIR-4801	98.96	69.42	2096
HSA-MIR-3194-3P	98.83	66.22	1167
HSA-MIR-423-5P	98.69	67.48	1522
HSA-MIR-3184-5P	98.56	67.13	1491
HSA-MIR-4731-3P	98.56	68.60	1860
HSA-MIR-4720-3P	98.50	68.88	988
HSA-MIR-6838-3P	98.40	65.88	559

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Interaction between p21-activated protein kinase and Rac during differentiation of HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell (PMID:12027902)
• Rac2 is activated via a T cell receptor/DOCK2 signal transduction pathway that activates IL-2 transcription in Jurkat cells (PMID:12176041)
• dissociations of Rac1 and Rac2 from LyGDI enable the PI 3-kinase-dependent translocations of Rac GTPases to the plasma membrane (PMID:12676940)
• Rac2 does not have the same role as Rac1 in the human NADPH oxidase complex (PMID:12912997)
• in neutrophils, Rac2 and Cdc42 are involved in FcR- and CR3-induced activation and for properly functioning signal transduction involved in the generation of oxygen radicals. (PMID:12960248)
• Our results showed a low frequency of mutation and no hot spots of mutation in Rac2 gene in brain tumors, suggesting a decreased possibility of Rac2 in the brain tumorigenesis. (PMID:15812594)
• diminished rho family, small GTP-binding protein Rac2(Rac2) expression in cord blood neutrophils may contribute to the defects observed in cord blood neutrophil function (PMID:16582540)
• Rac1 and Rac2 have distinct roles in regulating cell morphology, migration and invasion, but are not essential for macrophage migration or chemotaxis. (PMID:16772332)
• Endogenous P-Rex1 translocates to areas of Rac2 and cytoskeletal activation at the leading edge in response to chemoattractant stimuli in human neutrophils and that this translocation can be negatively modulated by activation of PKA and by cell adhesion. (PMID:17227822)
• RACK1 amd Rac2 are components of complexes involved in NK cell homotypic adhesion. (PMID:17269730)
• These results provide evidence that the activation of Rac2 by angiotensin II is exerted through multiple signalling pathways, involving Ca(2)(+)/calcineurin and protein kinases. (PMID:17975262)
• In primary activated CD4(+) T cells, Rac1 and Rac2 were independently required for maximal TCR-induced apoptosis. (PMID:17982024)
• DOCK2 and DOCK9 specifically recognize Rac2 and Cdc42 through their switch 1 as well as beta2-beta3 regions and the mode of recognition via switch 1 appears to be conserved among diverse Rac-specific DHR-2 GEFs (PMID:18056264)
• RAC2 is rarely mutated in gliomas (PMID:18217210)
• PI3K and Src-ELMO-Dock2 pathways work in parallel to activate Rac2 and modulate chemotaxis in response to a CXCL8 gradient in neutrophils. (PMID:18662984)
• important in T cell immunological synapse assembly (PMID:18723130)
• Primary granule exocytosis in human neutrophils is regulated by Rac2-dependent actin remodeling. (PMID:18799653)
• OAG-induced NOX2 activation was mediated by PKC and PI3K through the regulation of Rac2 activity (PMID:19118104)
• Rac1 and Rac2 are both required for efficient chemotaxis. (PMID:19555660)
• Human neutrophils kill invading microbes while limiting oxidative damage to the adjacent surrounding healthy tissue through differential activation of Rac1 and Rac2 in response to different concentrations of chemoattractant. (PMID:19625648)
• Data show that activation of PLCbeta(2) by alpha(q) and beta1gamma2 differ from activation by Rac2 and from each other. (PMID:20007712)
• Rac1 and Rac2 GTPases are essential for normal bone marrow erythropoiesis, but they are dispensable for erythropoiesis in the spleen. (PMID:20065081)
• Mutations in RAC2 GTPase have been found to cause a human disease, a severe phagocytic immunodeficiency characterized by lifethreatening infections in infancy. Review. (PMID:21178276)
• LFA-1-induced stabilization of ARE-containing mRNAs in T cells is dependent on HuR, and occurs through the Vav-1, Rac1/2, MKK3 and p38MAPK signaling cascade (PMID:21206905)
• activated cells PLD2 affects Rac2 in an initial positive feedback, but as Rac2-GTP accumulates in the cell, this constitutes a “termination signal” leading to PLD2 inactivation. (PMID:21378159)
• data reinforce recent evidences that susceptibility alleles/haplotypes are shared among multiple autoimmune disorders and support a causal role for RAC2 variants in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. (PMID:21680873)
• This variant reduced binding of the NCF2 gene product p67(phox) to RAC2. This study found a novel genetic association of RAC2 with Crohn’s disease (CD) and replicated the previously reported association of NCF4 with ileal CD. (PMID:21900546)
• The mRNA and protein levels of Rac1 and Rac2 are elevated following exposure of endothelial progenitor cells to the chemokine SDF-1alpha. (PMID:21964561)
• CNF1 modified Rac2, which then interacted with the innate immune adaptors IMD and Rip1-Rip2 in flies and mammalian cells, respectively, to drive an immune response (PMID:22018470)
• Rac2 GTPase alters mitochondrial membrane potential and electron flow through the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III, generating high levels of reactive oxygen species in chronic-phase CML stem cells and primitive leukemia progenitor cells. (PMID:22411871)
• study identified several missense mutations for RAC1 and RAC2, with some of the mutant proteins, including RAC1(P29S), RAC1(C157Y), RAC2(P29L), and RAC2(P29Q), being found to be activated and transforming; activating mutations of RAC GTPases were thus found in a wide variety of cancers at a low frequency (PMID:23382236)
• findings indicate that a chemokine-controlled pathway, consisting of Galphai2, ELMO1/Dock180, Rac1 and Rac2, regulates the actin cytoskeleton during breast cancer metastasis (PMID:23591873)
• Mutations in hematopoiesis-specific Rho GTPases Rac2 and RhoH lead to a wide range of human blood disorders. (Review) (PMID:23850828)
• p47(phox) and Rac2 accumulate only transiently at the phagosome at the onset of NADPH activity and detach from the phagosome before the end of reactive oxygen species production. (PMID:23870057)
• These studies imply functional importance of iNOS and its interaction with Rac2 in pathogen killing by the neutrophils. (PMID:23875749)
• homozygous loss-of-function RAC2 mutation in 2 patients with early-onset and progressive hypogammaglobulinemia(novel homozygous nonsense mutation in codon 56 (W56X)of RAC2 gene) (PMID:25512081)
• our present analysis reinforces the involvement in ACT of the regulatory NADPH oxidase subunit RAC2 gene variant rs13058338 and, to a lesser extent of the CYBA gene variant rs4673. (PMID:25823784)
• RAC2 specifically interacted with a set of mitochondrial proteins. (PMID:26016997)
• RAC1/RAC2 and SFK are proximal and essential for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation in NK cell-mediated direct cytotoxicity against Cryptococcus neoformans. (PMID:26867574)
• Study showed that RhoA/Rac2 participate in hepatocellular tumorigenesis through their upregulation by AFAP1-AS1. (PMID:26892468)

Cross-species orthologs

6 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	rac2	ENSDARG00000038010
mus_musculus	Rac2	ENSMUSG00000033220
rattus_norvegicus	Rac2	ENSRNOG00000007350
drosophila_melanogaster	Rac1	FBGN0010333
drosophila_melanogaster	Rac2	FBGN0014011
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00000424

Paralogs (22): RHOBTB2 (ENSG00000008853), RHOA (ENSG00000067560), CDC42 (ENSG00000070831), RHOBTB1 (ENSG00000072422), RHOV (ENSG00000104140), RND2 (ENSG00000108830), RND3 (ENSG00000115963), RHOU (ENSG00000116574), RHOQ (ENSG00000119729), RHOJ (ENSG00000126785), RHOT1 (ENSG00000126858), RAC1 (ENSG00000136238), RHOF (ENSG00000139725), RHOT2 (ENSG00000140983), RHOB (ENSG00000143878), RHOC (ENSG00000155366), RHOBTB3 (ENSG00000164292), RHOH (ENSG00000168421), RAC3 (ENSG00000169750), RND1 (ENSG00000172602), RHOD (ENSG00000173156), RHOG (ENSG00000177105)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 — P15153 (reviewed: P15153)

Alternative names: GX, Small G protein, p21-Rac2

All UniProt accessions (5): P15153, B1AH77, B1AH78, B1AH79, B1AH80

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound state. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses, such as secretory processes, phagocytose of apoptotic cells and epithelial cell polarization. Regulatory subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase complex that mediates the transfer of electrons from cytosolic NADPH to O2 to produce the superoxide anion (O2(-)).

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with DOCK2, which may activate it. Interacts with S100A8 and calprotectin (S100A8/9). Found in a complex with SH3RF1, MAP3K7/TAK1, MAP2K7/MKK7, MAPK8IP1/JIP1, MAPK8/JNK1 and MAPK9/JNK2. Interacts with PAK1. Component of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase complex composed of an obligatory core heterodimer formed by the membrane proteins CYBA and CYBB and the cytosolic regulatory subunits NCF1/p47-phox, NCF2/p67-phox, NCF4/p40-phox and the small GTPase RAC1 or RAC2.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity. Hematopoietic specific.

Post-translational modifications. (Microbial infection) Glycosylated at Tyr-32 by Photorhabdus asymbiotica toxin PAU_02230. Mono-O-GlcNAcylation by PAU_02230 inhibits downstream signaling by an impaired interaction with diverse regulator and effector proteins of Rac and leads to actin disassembly.

Disease relevance. Immunodeficiency 73A with defective neutrophil chemotaxis and leukocytosis (IMD73A) [MIM:608203] An autosomal dominant immunologic disorder characterized by onset of recurrent infections in early infancy, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, invasive infections, and poor wound healing. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Immunodeficiency 73B with defective neutrophil chemotaxis and lymphopenia (IMD73B) [MIM:618986] An autosomal dominant immunologic disorder characterized by respiratory infections, cellulitis, severe invasive infections, B- and T-cell lymphopenia, and impaired neutrophil chemotaxis. Disease onset is in infancy or early childhood. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Immunodeficiency 73C with defective neutrophil chemotaxis and hypogammaglobulinemia (IMD73C) [MIM:618987] An autosomal recessive immunologic disorder characterized by recurrent respiratory infections, decreased B cells, hypogammaglobulinemia, and impaired neutrophil chemotaxis. Variable features are urticaria, recurrent erythematous plaques, food allergy, arthralgia, bronchiectasis, and lymphadenopathy. In addition, patients suffer from glomerulonephritis, coagulopathy, multiple hormone deficiencies, and abnormalities of neutrophil granules. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Activity regulation. Regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which promote the exchange of bound GDP for free GTP, GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) which increase the GTP hydrolysis activity, and GDP dissociation inhibitors which inhibit the dissociation of the nucleotide from the GTPase.

Similarity. Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_002863* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001806	Small_GTPase	Family
IPR003578	Small_GTPase_Rho	Family
IPR005225	Small_GTP-bd	Domain
IPR027417	P-loop_NTPase	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00071

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 3.6.5.2 — small monomeric GTPase (BRENDA: 49 organisms, 138 substrates, 55 inhibitors, 5 Km, 1 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

1 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 1. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
GTP	—	0

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate + H(+) (RHEA:19669)

UniProt features (37 total): helix 9, strand 7, sequence variant 6, turn 3, binding site 3, modified residue 3, chain 1, propeptide 1, glycosylation site 1, mutagenesis site 1, short sequence motif 1, lipid moiety-binding region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

4 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
2W2T	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.95
2W2V	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2
2W2X	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3
1DS6	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.35

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P15153-F1	93.56	0.87

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (3): 10–17; 57–61; 115–118

Post-translational modifications (4): 39, 147, 189, 189

Glycosylation sites (1): 32

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (1):

Position	Phenotype
189	abolishes in vitro prenylation.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

8 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-114604	GPVI-mediated activation cascade
R-HSA-1222556	ROS and RNS production in phagocytes
R-HSA-1257604	PIP3 activates AKT signaling
R-HSA-2219530	Constitutive Signaling by Aberrant PI3K in Cancer
R-HSA-4086400	PCP/CE pathway
R-HSA-5668599	RHO GTPases Activate NADPH Oxidases
R-HSA-6811558	PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling
R-HSA-9013404	RAC2 GTPase cycle

MSigDB gene sets: 624 (showing top): GOBP_MYELOID_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_RESPIRATORY_BURST, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_ACTIVATION, MODULE_52, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_LEUKOCYTE_PROLIFERATION, WALLACE_PROSTATE_CANCER_RACE_UP, BUYTAERT_PHOTODYNAMIC_THERAPY_STRESS_DN, REACTOME_INNATE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, MCLACHLAN_DENTAL_CARIES_UP, GOBP_MYELOID_CELL_HOMEOSTASIS, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_MORPHOGENESIS, GOBP_ESTABLISHMENT_OR_MAINTENANCE_OF_CELL_POLARITY, GOBP_MYELOID_LEUKOCYTE_MIGRATION, GOBP_CELL_CHEMOTAXIS, GOBP_MYELOID_CELL_DEVELOPMENT

GO Biological Process (29): chemotaxis (GO:0006935), actin filament organization (GO:0007015), establishment or maintenance of cell polarity (GO:0007163), signal transduction (GO:0007165), G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186), small GTPase-mediated signal transduction (GO:0007264), regulation of cell shape (GO:0008360), regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process (GO:0010310), positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly (GO:0010592), regulation of cell-substrate adhesion (GO:0010810), cell projection assembly (GO:0030031), cortical cytoskeleton organization (GO:0030865), regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization (GO:0032956), regulation of T cell proliferation (GO:0042129), superoxide anion generation (GO:0042554), erythrocyte enucleation (GO:0043131), regulation of mast cell degranulation (GO:0043304), bone resorption (GO:0045453), respiratory burst (GO:0045730), regulation of respiratory burst (GO:0060263), regulation of mast cell chemotaxis (GO:0060753), mast cell proliferation (GO:0070662), positive regulation of mast cell proliferation (GO:0070668), lymphocyte aggregation (GO:0071593), positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis (GO:0090023), regulation of neutrophil migration (GO:1902622), obsolete positive regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion (GO:1903955), cell population proliferation (GO:0008283), actin cytoskeleton organization (GO:0030036)

GO Molecular Function (8): GTPase activity (GO:0003924), G protein activity (GO:0003925), GTP binding (GO:0005525), protein kinase regulator activity (GO:0019887), protein kinase binding (GO:0019901), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), protein binding (GO:0005515), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787)

GO Cellular Component (16): nuclear envelope (GO:0005635), mitochondrial outer membrane (GO:0005741), endoplasmic reticulum membrane (GO:0005789), cytosol (GO:0005829), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), focal adhesion (GO:0005925), lamellipodium (GO:0030027), phagocytic vesicle membrane (GO:0030670), cytoplasmic vesicle (GO:0031410), cell projection (GO:0042995), NADPH oxidase complex (GO:0043020), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), actin filament (GO:0005884), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-8 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation	1
Innate Immune System	1
Intracellular signaling by second messengers	1
PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cancer	1
Beta-catenin independent WNT signaling	1
RHO GTPase Effectors	1
Negative regulation of the PI3K/AKT network	1
RHO GTPase cycle	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	4
actin cytoskeleton organization	2
cellular process	2
cytoplasm	2
response to chemical	1
taxis	1
supramolecular fiber organization	1
cell communication	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
G protein-coupled receptor activity	1
signal transduction	1
intracellular signaling cassette	1
regulation of cell morphogenesis	1
regulation of biological quality	1
hydrogen peroxide metabolic process	1
regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	1
regulation of lamellipodium assembly	1
lamellipodium assembly	1
positive regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly	1
positive regulation of lamellipodium organization	1
regulation of cell adhesion	1
cell-substrate adhesion	1
cellular component assembly	1
cell projection organization	1
cytoskeleton organization	1
regulation of actin filament-based process	1
regulation of cytoskeleton organization	1
T cell proliferation	1
regulation of lymphocyte proliferation	1
regulation of T cell activation	1
superoxide metabolic process	1
enucleate erythrocyte maturation	1
enucleation	1
regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity	1
regulation of leukocyte degranulation	1
mast cell degranulation	1
tissue homeostasis	1
bone remodeling	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

5716 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
RAC2	NCF2	P19878	998
RAC2	CYBB	P04839	997
RAC2	NCF1	P14598	997
RAC2	NCF4	Q15080	997
RAC2	CYBA	P13498	996
RAC2	NOXO1	Q8NFA2	969
RAC2	NOXA1	Q86UR1	941
RAC2	ARHGDIA	P52565	939
RAC2	NOX1	Q9Y5S8	872
RAC2	RABIF	P47224	866
RAC2	MT-CYB	P00156	837
RAC2	WAS	P42768	827
RAC2	DOCK2	Q92608	789
RAC2	DOCK1	Q14185	784
RAC2	RAB3IP	Q96QF0	773

IntAct

66 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
BNIP3	BNIP3L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.970
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.710
HNRNPCL1	HNRNPC	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.670
PLD2	RAC2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.650
PLD2	RAC2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.650
RAP1GDS1	DIRAS1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
CFTR	HAX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.610
NCF2	RAC2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.590
DOCK2		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.560
HDAC7	RAC2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
RAC2	HDAC7	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
RAC2	ARFIP2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
RAC1	RAC2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
RAC2	RAC1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.560
RAC2	RAP1GDS1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RAC2	RAC3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
DCTN6	DCTN3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ERBB2	HAX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
	AP3D1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.460
	MYL12B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.460
	RAC2	psi-mi:“MI:0883”(gtpase reaction)	0.440
RAC2	ARHGDIB	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
RAC2	XIAP	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
TNFAIP8L2	RAC2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400

BioGRID (696): RAC2 (Affinity Capture-MS), RAC2 (Two-hybrid), RAC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), DOCK1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ELMO2 (Affinity Capture-MS), RAP1GDS1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CUL1 (Two-hybrid), RAC2 (Affinity Capture-MS), RAC2 (Reconstituted Complex), RAC2 (Affinity Capture-MS), RAC2 (Affinity Capture-MS), RAC2 (Far Western), RAC2 (Two-hybrid), ARFIP2 (Two-hybrid), RAC2 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A286QZ36, C4YDI6, O88931, P08134, P0CY33, P15153, P19073, P24406, P34144, P34145, P34146, P40792, P40793, P48148, P48554, P60763, P60764, P60766, P60952, P60953, P61585, P61586, P61589, P62998, P62999, P63000, P63001, Q007T2, Q03206, Q05062, Q05144, Q16YG0, Q17031, Q1RMJ6, Q22038, Q29HY3, Q2KJ93, Q4R4R6, Q5RCK9, Q5REY6

Diamond homologs: A0A286QZ36, A5D7J5, C4YDI6, O04369, O76321, O82480, O82481, O88931, O94103, O96390, P01122, P08134, P0CY33, P15153, P17081, P19073, P24406, P34144, P34145, P34146, P34147, P34148, P34149, P34150, P40792, P40793, P48148, P48554, P60763, P60764, P60766, P60952, P60953, P61585, P61586, P61589, P62998, P62999, P63000, P63001

SIGNOR signaling

4 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
RAP1GDS1	up-regulates	RAC2	binding
SH3RF1	up-regulates	RAC2	binding
RAC2	up-regulates	PAK1	binding
SRGAP3	down-regulates	RAC2

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 56 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
RAC2 GTPase cycle	5	17.1×	1e-03
RAC3 GTPase cycle	5	16.1×	1e-03
RAC1 GTPase cycle	8	13.2×	3e-05

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
actin filament organization	5	13.5×	2e-03
actin cytoskeleton organization	7	12.6×	3e-04

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

205 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	3
Likely pathogenic	3
Uncertain significance	71
Likely benign	106
Benign	8

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (6)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
7575	NM_002872.5(RAC2):c.169G>A (p.Asp57Asn)	Pathogenic
977225	NM_002872.5(RAC2):c.275A>C (p.Asn92Thr)	Pathogenic
977226	NM_002872.5(RAC2):c.167G>A (p.Trp56Ter)	Pathogenic
2052978	NM_002872.5(RAC2):c.181C>A (p.Gln61Lys)	Likely pathogenic
4533860	NM_002872.5(RAC2):c.86C>A (p.Pro29His)	Likely pathogenic
977224	NM_002872.5(RAC2):c.101C>A (p.Pro34His)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

1356 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
22:37226665:TCTTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
22:37226666:CTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
22:37226667:TTAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
22:37226668:TAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
22:37226669:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
22:37226669:ACC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
22:37226670:C:CA	donor_loss	1.0000
22:37226670:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
22:37226670:CCC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
22:37231230:CCAAT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
22:37231233:ATCT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
22:37231234:T:C	donor_gain	1.0000
22:37231926:GCTCA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
22:37231927:CTCAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
22:37231928:TCAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
22:37231929:CACCT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
22:37231930:A:C	donor_loss	1.0000
22:37231931:C:CT	donor_loss	1.0000
22:37232841:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
22:37241580:AACTC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
22:37241581:ACTCA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
22:37241582:CTCAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
22:37241584:CACAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
22:37241585:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
22:37241585:A:C	donor_loss	1.0000
22:37241586:C:CA	donor_loss	1.0000
22:37241586:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
22:37241586:CA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
22:37241586:CACG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
22:37241604:T:A	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1237 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
22:37231338:C:T	G114D	1.000
22:37231388:C:A	W97C	1.000
22:37231388:C:G	W97C	1.000
22:37231390:A:G	W97R	1.000
22:37231390:A:T	W97R	1.000
22:37231977:G:C	C81W	1.000
22:37231978:C:T	C81Y	1.000
22:37232812:A:G	Y72H	1.000
22:37232817:A:T	L70H	1.000
22:37232826:A:G	L67P	1.000
22:37232826:A:T	L67H	1.000
22:37232847:C:T	G60E	1.000
22:37232848:C:A	G60W	1.000
22:37232848:C:G	G60R	1.000
22:37232848:C:T	G60R	1.000
22:37232850:G:T	A59D	1.000
22:37232855:G:C	D57E	1.000
22:37232855:G:T	D57E	1.000
22:37232856:T:A	D57V	1.000
22:37232856:T:C	D57G	1.000
22:37232856:T:G	D57A	1.000
22:37232857:C:A	D57Y	1.000
22:37232857:C:G	D57H	1.000
22:37232857:C:T	D57N	1.000
22:37232860:A:G	W56R	1.000
22:37232860:A:T	W56R	1.000
22:37232862:A:G	L55P	1.000
22:37232913:T:A	D38V	1.000
22:37232915:A:C	F37L	1.000
22:37232915:A:T	F37L	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000051099 (22:37225757 C>T), RS1000101561 (22:37225392 G>A,C), RS1000316571 (22:37231725 G>T), RS1000330235 (22:37237731 T>C), RS1000408201 (22:37242775 T>A,C), RS1000417562 (22:37237397 C>T), RS1000665491 (22:37232009 A>G), RS1000684287 (22:37233165 G>A), RS1000915901 (22:37238882 A>C), RS1001058860 (22:37227762 G>A), RS1001541991 (22:37232705 A>C,G), RS1001662031 (22:37225797 G>A,C), RS1001761285 (22:37232353 T>C,G), RS1001814447 (22:37243293 C>T), RS1001866719 (22:37243102 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:602049 | disease phenotypes: MIM:608203, MIM:618986, MIM:618987

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
immunodeficiency 73b with defective neutrophil chemotaxis and lymphopenia	Definitive	Autosomal dominant
neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome	Strong	Autosomal dominant
immunodeficiency 73c with defective neutrophil chemotaxis and hypogammaglobulinemia	Strong	Autosomal recessive

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (3)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
immunodeficiency 73c with defective neutrophil chemotaxis and hypogammaglobulinemia	Moderate	AR
immunodeficiency 73b with defective neutrophil chemotaxis and lymphopenia	Strong	AD
neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome	Moderate	AD

Mondo (4): neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome (MONDO:0011988), immunodeficiency 73b with defective neutrophil chemotaxis and lymphopenia (MONDO:0033554), immunodeficiency 73c with defective neutrophil chemotaxis and hypogammaglobulinemia (MONDO:0033555), prostate cancer (MONDO:0008315)

Orphanet (2): Infantile LAD-like disease due to RAC2 deficiency (Orphanet:183707), Familial prostate cancer (Orphanet:1331)

HPO phenotypes

45 total (30 of 45 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000006	Autosomal dominant inheritance
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000403	Recurrent otitis media
HP:0001025	Urticaria
HP:0001058	Poor wound healing
HP:0001433	Hepatosplenomegaly
HP:0001531	Failure to thrive in infancy
HP:0001875	Decreased total neutrophil count
HP:0001876	Pancytopenia
HP:0001882	Decreased total leukocyte count
HP:0001888	Decreased total lymphocyte count
HP:0001972	Macrocytic anemia
HP:0001974	Increased total leukocyte count
HP:0002110	Bronchiectasis
HP:0002205	Recurrent respiratory infections
HP:0002206	Pulmonary fibrosis
HP:0002721	Immunodeficiency
HP:0002783	Recurrent lower respiratory tract infections
HP:0002840	Lymphadenitis
HP:0002850	Decreased circulating total IgM
HP:0003203	Decreased neutrophil oxidative burst
HP:0004315	Decreased circulating IgG concentration
HP:0004469	Chronic bronchitis
HP:0005224	Rectal abscess
HP:0005400	Reduction of neutrophil motility
HP:0005403	Decreased total T cell count
HP:0006510	Chronic pulmonary obstruction
HP:0006532	Recurrent pneumonia
HP:0008940	Generalized lymphadenopathy
HP:0010976	Decreased total B cell count

GWAS associations

7 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000785_24	Longevity	1.000000e-06
GCST001984_3	Graves’ disease	5.000000e-20
GCST002408_16	Response to methotrexate in juvenile idiopathic arthritis	9.000000e-06
GCST005536_51	Type 1 diabetes	2.000000e-08
GCST010064_4	Celiac disease	3.000000e-08
GCST90002395_619	Mean platelet volume	3.000000e-11
GCST90002401_274	Platelet distribution width	5.000000e-21

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0007984	platelet component distribution width

MeSH disease descriptors (2)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D011471	Prostatic Neoplasms	C04.588.945.440.770; C12.100.500.260.750; C12.100.500.565.625; C12.200.294.260.750; C12.200.294.565.625; C12.200.758.409.750; C12.900.619.750
C564275	Neutrophil Immunodeficiency Syndrome (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (2): CHEMBL5482993 (PROTEIN FAMILY), CHEMBL5581 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

1 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 68 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL5290216	MBQ-167	1	68

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB clinical annotations

2 annotations.

Variant	Type	Level	Drugs	Phenotypes
rs13058338	Toxicity	3	doxorubicin;idarubicin	Neoplasms
rs13058338	Efficacy	3	idarubicin	Leukemia;Myeloid;Acute

PharmGKB variants

1 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs13058338	RAC2	3	2.50	2	doxorubicin;idarubicin;idarubicin

ChEMBL bioactivities

4 potent at pChembl≥5 of 4 total, top 4 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
7.22	Kd	60	nM	CHEMBL1186585
7.21	Kd	61.83	nM	CHEMBL5653589
7.21	ED50	61.83	nM	CHEMBL5653589
6.99	IC50	103	nM	MBQ-167

PubChem BioAssay actives

3 with measured affinity, of 5 total; 3 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
2-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-5-[5-[7-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]sulfanylpentoxy]pyran-4-one	1974804: Binding affinity to Rac2 (unknown origin) assessed as dissociation constant	kd	0.0600	uM
4-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-6-pyridin-3-ylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide	2149184: Binding affinity to human RAC2 incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assay	kd	0.0618	uM
9-ethyl-3-(5-phenyltriazol-1-yl)carbazole	1974815: Inhibition of Rac1/Rac2/Rac3 P21-binding domain in human MDA-MB-231 cells incubated for 24 hrs by pulldown assay	ic50	0.1030	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

84 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression	8
Aflatoxin B1	increases expression, increases methylation	3
Particulate Matter	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	3
trichostatin A	increases expression	2
entinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Decitabine	affects expression	2
Arsenic Trioxide	decreases expression	2
Panobinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases methylation, increases expression, increases methylation	2
Cisplatin	affects expression, decreases expression	2
Inositol Phosphates	affects cotreatment, increases chemical synthesis, increases reaction, increases response to substance, affects binding (+1 more)	2
Nickel	increases expression	2
Smoke	increases expression, decreases expression	2
Tretinoin	increases expression	2
Guanosine 5’-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)	affects cotreatment, increases chemical synthesis, increases reaction, decreases response to substance, increases activity	2
sotorasib	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
ginger extract	affects cotreatment, affects expression, increases abundance	1
methyleugenol	increases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
alpha-pinene	increases oxidation, increases abundance, affects cotreatment	1
bisphenol A	affects expression, increases abundance, affects cotreatment	1
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate	affects expression	1
beta-lapachone	increases expression	1
arsenite	affects binding, increases reaction	1
butyraldehyde	increases expression	1
ochratoxin A	affects binding	1
potassium chromate(VI)	decreases expression	1
triadimefon	increases expression	1
methacrylaldehyde	affects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance	1
epigallocatechin gallate	increases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

4 unique, capped per target: 4 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL5327317	Binding	Inhibition of Rac1/Rac2/Rac3 P21-binding domain in human MDA-MB-231 cells incubated for 24 hrs by pulldown assay	Advances in the development of Rho GTPase inhibitors. — Bioorg Med Chem

Cellosaurus cell lines

4 cell lines: 4 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_B7Z4	Abcam Raji RAC2 KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_B9ZV	Abcam THP-1 RAC2 KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_C7BJ	Abcam PC-3 RAC2 KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_E0MH	Ubigene HeLa RAC2 KO	Cancer cell line	Female

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00029224	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment With Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Breast Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, and Prostate Cancer With Cancer Related Bone Lesions
NCT00035997	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Trial on the Effect of I.V. Zoledronic Acid 4 mg on Bone Density in Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastasis
NCT00063609	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Loss in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy
NCT00103623	PHASE4	SUSPENDED	The Plenaxis® Experience Study
NCT00106392	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Safety and Efficacy Study of Prograf in the Prevention of Erectile Dysfunction After Radical Prostatectomy
NCT00185029	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	MR-Lymphography and Lymph Node Staging in Prostate Cancer
NCT00199485	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Angelica Sinensis for the Treatment of Hot Flashes in Men Undergoing LHRH Therapy for Prostate Cancer
NCT00219219	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Zoledronic Acid in the Prevention of Skeletal-related Events in Hormone Refractory and Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastases
NCT00219271	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect Of Zoledronic Acid On Circulating And Bone Marrow-Residing Prostate Cancer Cells In Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
NCT00237146	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate Zoledronic Acid on Quality of Life and Skeletal-related Events as Adjuvant Treatment in Patients With Hormone-naïve Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastasis Who Have Undergone Orchiectomy
NCT00242554	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Phase IV Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastases
NCT00280098	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Docetaxel in the Treatment of Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer
NCT00293696	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Casodex/Zoladex Biomarkers in Localised Prostate Cancer
NCT00334139	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Metabolism in Patients With Bone Metastasis and Prostate or Breast Cancer
NCT00375765	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects On Dihydrotestosterone Regulated Gene Expression In Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Or Prostate Cancer
NCT00391690	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Bone Markers as Diagnostic Tools for Early Detection of Bone Metastases in Patients With High Risk Prostate Cancer
NCT00422708	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Local Anesthesia for Prostate Biopsy
NCT00526331	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Arterial Pressure Based Cardiac Output for Goal-Directed Perioperative Therapy
NCT00590213	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Compare the Value of Prophylactic Versus Therapeutic Breast Radiotherapy in CASODEX
NCT00629330	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Dissemination of Prostate Cancer Screening to PCP’s in African American Communities
NCT00771966	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Radical Prostatectomy and Perioperative Fluid Therapy
NCT00805701	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study Assessing The Efficacy And Safety Of Avodart (Dutasteride) At Improving Urinary Symptoms In Men With Prostate Cancer Who Are Undergoing Seed Implantation
NCT00859027	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect Of Risedronate On Bone Mass In Older Men Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy For Prostate Cancer
NCT00906269	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Can Hyperbaric Oxygen Improve Erectile Function Following Surgery for Prostate Cancer
NCT00953277	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Nerve Reconstruction Using AVANCE in Subjects Who Undergo Robotic Assisted Prostatectomy for Treatment of Prostate Cancer
NCT00982800	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Does Postoperative Gabapentin Reduce Pain, Opioid Consumption and Anxiety and Have a Positive Effect on Health Related Quality of Life After Radical Prostatectomy?
NCT01083199	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Global Performance Evaluation of the AMS CONTINUUM™ Device
NCT01136226	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluate Recovery of Testosterone for Patients Using Eligard
NCT01161563	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Randomized Crossover Trial to Assess the Tolerability of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Analogue Administration
NCT01230905	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Monitor the Effects of Androgen Suppression Treatment on the Heart
NCT01296672	PHASE4	COMPLETED	3 Month Finasteride Challenge Test Can Significantly Improve the Performance of Screening for Prostate Cancer
NCT01365143	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Robotic Versus Open Radical Prostatectomy
NCT01379742	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Comparison of Between ThinSeed™ and OncoSeed™ for Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy
NCT01486563	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Hydroxyethyl Starch and Renal Function After Radical Prostatectomy
NCT01511874	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of ELIGARD 22.5mg With Prostate Cancer
NCT01512472	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Firmagon (Degarelix) Intermittent Therapy
NCT01547416	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Combined General/Epidural Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia on Diaphragmatic Function
NCT01571544	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Use of Thermal Suits as Preventing Hypothermia During Surgery
NCT01581749	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Evaluation of Truebeam for Low-Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer
NCT01649635	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Cabazitaxel Combined With Prednisone and Prophylaxis of Neutropenia Complications in the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer