RAPGEF5

gene
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Also known as KIAA0277GFRMR-GEF

Summary

RAPGEF5 (Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5, HGNC:16862) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 7p15.3, encoding Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5 (Q92565). Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAP1A, RAP2A and MRAS/M-Ras-GTP.

Members of the RAS (see HRAS; MIM 190020) subfamily of GTPases function in signal transduction as GTP/GDP-regulated switches that cycle between inactive GDP- and active GTP-bound states. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), such as RAPGEF5, serve as RAS activators by promoting acquisition of GTP to maintain the active GTP-bound state and are the key link between cell surface receptors and RAS activation (Rebhun et al., 2000 [PubMed 10934204]).

Source: NCBI Gene 9771 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 12
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 110 total — 1 likely-pathogenic
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_012294

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:16862
Approved symbolRAPGEF5
NameRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5
Location7p15.3
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesKIAA0277, GFR, MR-GEF
Ensembl geneENSG00000136237
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM609527
Entrez9771

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 12 — 6 protein_coding, 4 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000344041, ENST00000401957, ENST00000405243, ENST00000420196, ENST00000451559, ENST00000458533, ENST00000468825, ENST00000471484, ENST00000475788, ENST00000488366, ENST00000497668, ENST00000665637

RefSeq mRNA: 5 — MANE Select: NM_012294 NM_001367600, NM_001367601, NM_001367602, NM_001367603, NM_012294

CCDS: CCDS55093, CCDS94064

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000665637 — 26 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000009239602215681022156888
ENSE000009239612215445522154604
ENSE000009239632214689722147019
ENSE000009239652214002522140115
ENSE000009239662213693322136983
ENSE000009239672213603822136125
ENSE000010291062215785522157885
ENSE000013788962214504422145222
ENSE000014906042230833922308507
ENSE000015485152215040722150504
ENSE000034800152223084622230919
ENSE000034976482219336722193455
ENSE000034987532216239722162541
ENSE000035113612231798722318037
ENSE000035212542230996922310090
ENSE000035287922229117522291241
ENSE000035452372231537022315476
ENSE000035629892221986622219991
ENSE000036111772226696422267012
ENSE000036194762213103722131101
ENSE000036299412219391522194033
ENSE000036720222212560422125658
ENSE000036759632216051822160615
ENSE000037862732216707022167148
ENSE000038515842235683022357154
ENSE000038562512211823622122521

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 275 present calls, max score 99.57.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 15.4198 / max 759.8381, expressed in 837 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (18 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
830613.4579634
830403.1552142
830412.0154178
830431.9293162
830501.1508272
830600.8382224
830420.6869145
830480.6307231
830620.4613235
830390.320371

Top tissues by expression

291 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
inferior vagus X ganglionUBERON:000536399.57gold quality
ponsUBERON:000098899.30gold quality
inferior olivary complexUBERON:000212799.22gold quality
medulla oblongataUBERON:000189699.21gold quality
corpus callosumUBERON:000233699.19gold quality
superior vestibular nucleusUBERON:000722798.99gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulataUBERON:000196698.97gold quality
subthalamic nucleusUBERON:000190698.60gold quality
postcentral gyrusUBERON:000258198.49gold quality
parietal lobeUBERON:000187298.39gold quality
lateral globus pallidusUBERON:000247698.39gold quality
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerveUBERON:000287098.17gold quality
substantia nigra pars compactaUBERON:000196598.07gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cordUBERON:000646998.07gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23UBERON:001355498.01gold quality
spinal cordUBERON:000224097.98gold quality
ventral tegmental areaUBERON:000269197.98gold quality
middle frontal gyrusUBERON:000270297.79gold quality
orbitofrontal cortexUBERON:000416797.32gold quality
globus pallidusUBERON:000187597.31gold quality
superior frontal gyrusUBERON:000266197.26gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampusUBERON:000388197.10gold quality
medial globus pallidusUBERON:000247796.93gold quality
occipital lobeUBERON:000202196.92gold quality
dorsal plus ventral thalamusUBERON:000189796.87gold quality
cranial nerve IIUBERON:000094196.70gold quality
entorhinal cortexUBERON:000272896.70gold quality
middle temporal gyrusUBERON:000277196.38gold quality
primary visual cortexUBERON:000243696.34gold quality
midbrainUBERON:000189196.02gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 7 experiment(s), a significant marker in 5.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-GEOD-180759yes1413.68
E-CURD-119yes14.81
E-ANND-3yes13.83
E-GEOD-84465yes9.70
E-CURD-112yes7.97
E-CURD-10no147.91
E-MTAB-6678no2.41

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

186 targeting RAPGEF5, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-5011-5P100.0083.465820
HSA-MIR-190A-3P100.0080.355520
HSA-MIR-656-3P100.0072.152788
HSA-MIR-7110-3P100.0073.182486
HSA-MIR-4692100.0067.322066
HSA-MIR-4668-3P100.0068.742635
HSA-MIR-451499.9967.101870
HSA-LET-7F-2-3P99.9870.982588
HSA-MIR-1185-1-3P99.9871.042593
HSA-MIR-1185-2-3P99.9871.042593
HSA-MIR-4789-5P99.9870.762721
HSA-MIR-314899.9775.066478
HSA-MIR-548AN99.9770.912817
HSA-MIR-302C-5P99.9772.563642
HSA-MIR-512-3P99.9767.351049
HSA-MIR-3065-5P99.9771.563281
HSA-MIR-302E99.9670.742669
HSA-MIR-3605-5P99.9667.12932
HSA-MIR-548AJ-3P99.9673.385345
HSA-MIR-548X-3P99.9673.385345
HSA-MIR-96-5P99.9572.802140
HSA-MIR-141-3P99.9472.792421
HSA-MIR-200A-3P99.9472.682420
HSA-MIR-651-3P99.9473.485177
HSA-MIR-548J-3P99.9472.614881
HSA-MIR-381-3P99.9371.872854
HSA-MIR-552-5P99.9368.561583
HSA-MIR-218-5P99.9372.222103
HSA-MIR-548AE-3P99.9372.664867
HSA-MIR-548AH-3P99.9372.544872

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 3)

  • Circ-RAPGEF5 promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression by stabilizing SAE1 to facilitate SUMOylation. (PMID:37705041)
  • CircRAPGEF5 sponges miR-582-3p and targets KIF3A to regulate bladder cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. (PMID:38489970)
  • Downregulation of circ-RAPGEF5 inhibits colorectal cancer progression by reducing the expression of polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (GALNT3). (PMID:38775215)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriorapgef5bENSDARG00000074307
mus_musculusRapgef5ENSMUSG00000041992
rattus_norvegicusRapgef5ENSRNOG00000005271

Paralogs (24): RASGRF1 (ENSG00000058335), RASGRP2 (ENSG00000068831), RAPGEF3 (ENSG00000079337), RAPGEF4 (ENSG00000091428), SOS2 (ENSG00000100485), RAPGEF1 (ENSG00000107263), RAPGEFL1 (ENSG00000108352), RAPGEF2 (ENSG00000109756), RASGRF2 (ENSG00000113319), SOS1 (ENSG00000115904), RALGPS2 (ENSG00000116191), RALGPS1 (ENSG00000136828), RASGEF1B (ENSG00000138670), RGL1 (ENSG00000143344), RASGEF1C (ENSG00000146090), RASGRP3 (ENSG00000152689), RAPGEF6 (ENSG00000158987), RGL4 (ENSG00000159496), RALGDS (ENSG00000160271), RASGRP4 (ENSG00000171777), RASGRP1 (ENSG00000172575), RASGEF1A (ENSG00000198915), RGL3 (ENSG00000205517), RGL2 (ENSG00000237441)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5Q92565 (reviewed: Q92565)

Alternative names: Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rap1, M-Ras-regulated Rap GEF, Related to Epac

All UniProt accessions (8): A0A0S2Z561, A0A590UJR0, A8MQ07, C9JBS6, C9JHM4, E9PGY3, Q92565, F8WD32

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAP1A, RAP2A and MRAS/M-Ras-GTP. Its association with MRAS inhibits Rap1 activation.

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

Tissue specificity. Widely expressed with highest levels in brain.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q92565-11yes
Q92565-22

RefSeq proteins (5): NP_001354529, NP_001354530, NP_001354531, NP_001354532, NP_036426* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR000651Ras-like_Gua-exchang_fac_NDomain
IPR001895RASGEF_cat_domDomain
IPR008937Ras-like_GEFFamily
IPR019804Ras_G-nucl-exch_fac_CSConserved_site
IPR023578Ras_GEF_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR029071Ubiquitin-like_domsfHomologous_superfamily
IPR036964RASGEF_cat_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00617, PF00618

UniProt features (14 total): strand 7, domain 2, helix 2, chain 1, splice variant 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
1WGYSOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q92565-F177.620.54

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 215 (showing top): TGACCTY_ERR1_Q2, MARTORIATI_MDM4_TARGETS_NEUROEPITHELIUM_DN, JIANG_TIP30_TARGETS_UP, KOYAMA_SEMA3B_TARGETS_UP, NF1_Q6_01, GOBP_RAS_PROTEIN_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, MODULE_157, AACTTT_UNKNOWN, PETROVA_ENDOTHELIUM_LYMPHATIC_VS_BLOOD_UP, CUI_TCF21_TARGETS_2_DN, BOQUEST_STEM_CELL_DN, GOBP_SMALL_GTPASE_MEDIATED_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, TGACCTTG_SF1_Q6, RODRIGUES_THYROID_CARCINOMA_POORLY_DIFFERENTIATED_DN, GOCC_NUCLEAR_BODY

GO Biological Process (4): small GTPase-mediated signal transduction (GO:0007264), Ras protein signal transduction (GO:0007265), nervous system development (GO:0007399), intracellular signal transduction (GO:0035556)

GO Molecular Function (3): guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity (GO:0005085), GTP-dependent protein binding (GO:0030742), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (4): nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), nuclear body (GO:0016604)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
intracellular signaling cassette1
small GTPase-mediated signal transduction1
system development1
intracellular anatomical structure1
signal transduction1
GTP binding1
GDP binding1
GTPase regulator activity1
protein binding1
binding1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
nuclear lumen1
cellular anatomical structure1
membrane1
cell periphery1
nucleoplasm1
intracellular membraneless organelle1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

945 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
RAPGEF5SLC35C1Q96A29838
RAPGEF5MRASO14807780
RAPGEF5RAP1AP10113730
RAPGEF5RAP2AP10114555
RAPGEF5SELPP16109544
RAPGEF5ESR2Q92731508
RAPGEF5SELEP16111469
RAPGEF5FAM227BQ96M60449
RAPGEF5RAP1BP09526440
RAPGEF5CLCN6P51797436
RAPGEF5TMEM196Q5HYL7436
RAPGEF5HRASP01112418
RAPGEF5CTNNB1P35222415
RAPGEF5DIPK2BQ9H7Y0412
RAPGEF5HDHD2Q9H0R4388

IntAct

7 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
RAPGEF5ANK3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.500
RAPGEF5PDIA4psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
VANGL1RAPGEF5psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
RAPGEF5PLAC9psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
RAPGEF5TMEM253psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
RAPGEF5DDHD2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (59): ANK3 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANK1 (Affinity Capture-MS), MAPK8IP2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANK2 (Affinity Capture-MS), DDHD2 (Affinity Capture-MS), TUBB1 (Affinity Capture-MS), HSP90AA4P (Affinity Capture-MS), CCDC88A (Affinity Capture-MS), UBB (Affinity Capture-MS), HERC1 (Affinity Capture-MS), PPFIBP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), RICTOR (Affinity Capture-MS), PLEC (Affinity Capture-MS), ZNHIT2 (Affinity Capture-MS), WNK1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0G2JTR4, A0MQH0, A2RSQ0, A6QNS3, B2RTY4, E7EZG2, E7F3F0, E9PTA2, F4I507, O43795, O54865, P09851, P16068, P20595, P20936, P24786, P46735, P50904, P83900, P85298, Q02153, Q02440, Q05096, Q09LZ8, Q12979, Q13459, Q13507, Q16288, Q25BN1, Q49A26, Q4ZHR9, Q5R6F2, Q5SSL4, Q5ZLX4, Q63358, Q6TUI4, Q6ZUT9, Q8C170, Q8NHH1, Q91X46

Diamond homologs: A0JM95, A4IFE4, F1M386, F1MSG6, F1PBJ0, O95398, P28818, P83900, Q02342, Q0VAM2, Q28EC1, Q5RC04, Q6DBW1, Q6DHR3, Q8C0Q9, Q8CHG7, Q8IS19, Q8JZL7, Q8MVR1, Q8N431, Q8N9B8, Q8VCC8, Q8WZA2, Q92565, Q95KH6, Q9D300, Q9EQZ6, Q9UHV5, Q9Y4G8, Q9Z1C7, Q9Z1C8, A2AR50, A2CEA7, B0M0P8, B0UXH6, O14827, O77086, P04821, P27671, P70392

SIGNOR signaling

4 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
RAPGEF5up-regulatesHRAS“guanine nucleotide exchange factor”
RAPGEF5up-regulatesKRAS“guanine nucleotide exchange factor”
RAPGEF5up-regulatesNRAS“guanine nucleotide exchange factor”
RAPGEF5“up-regulates activity”RAP1A“guanine nucleotide exchange factor”

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

110 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic1
Uncertain significance71
Likely benign5
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant IDHGVSClassification
1693113NM_012294.5(RAPGEF5):c.2431C>T (p.His811Tyr)Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

5544 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
7:22136135:C:CTacceptor_gain1.0000
7:22136136:A:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
7:22136139:CAGAT:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
7:22136143:T:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
7:22136143:T:TCacceptor_gain1.0000
7:22136931:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
7:22136932:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
7:22145042:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
7:22145043:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
7:22145043:CTGAG:Cdonor_gain1.0000
7:22150401:CCTTA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
7:22150402:CTTA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
7:22150403:TTAC:Tdonor_loss1.0000
7:22150404:TA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
7:22150405:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
7:22150405:A:Cdonor_loss1.0000
7:22150406:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
7:22150406:C:CGdonor_loss1.0000
7:22150500:CTTTT:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
7:22150501:TTTT:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
7:22150505:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
7:22150507:T:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
7:22150507:T:TCacceptor_gain1.0000
7:22150510:T:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
7:22150510:T:TCacceptor_gain1.0000
7:22150511:T:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
7:22150511:T:TCacceptor_gain1.0000
7:22154448:AACTT:Adonor_loss1.0000
7:22154449:ACTTA:Adonor_loss1.0000
7:22154450:CTTAC:Cdonor_loss1.0000

AlphaMissense

5826 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
7:22125636:C:GR532P1.000
7:22131046:A:CF521L1.000
7:22131046:A:TF521L1.000
7:22131048:A:GF521L1.000
7:22131049:A:CN520K1.000
7:22131049:A:TN520K1.000
7:22131053:A:TV519D1.000
7:22131056:A:GL518P1.000
7:22131081:C:GG510R1.000
7:22131081:C:TG510R1.000
7:22131091:A:CF506L1.000
7:22131091:A:TF506L1.000
7:22131092:A:GF506S1.000
7:22131093:A:GF506L1.000
7:22136039:T:AK502N1.000
7:22136039:T:GK502N1.000
7:22136040:T:AK502I1.000
7:22136096:T:AR483S1.000
7:22136096:T:GR483S1.000
7:22136097:C:AR483I1.000
7:22136097:C:GR483T1.000
7:22136098:T:CR483G1.000
7:22136110:G:CH479D1.000
7:22136111:A:CN478K1.000
7:22136111:A:TN478K1.000
7:22140065:A:GL443P1.000
7:22140069:C:GG442R1.000
7:22125648:G:TA528E0.999
7:22125649:C:GA528P0.999
7:22131038:A:GL524P0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000014356 (7:22171224 C>T), RS1000026032 (7:22244931 T>C), RS1000033557 (7:22152740 A>T), RS1000064180 (7:22225769 A>G), RS1000085357 (7:22175082 A>G,T), RS1000102113 (7:22314869 G>C), RS1000135691 (7:22231823 G>A), RS1000136560 (7:22134518 G>T), RS1000139745 (7:22350493 C>G,T), RS1000147800 (7:22355599 G>A,T), RS1000154285 (7:22315206 A>C), RS1000158864 (7:22296310 C>T), RS1000178551 (7:22212459 G>A), RS1000199812 (7:22269076 C>G), RS1000204268 (7:22278240 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:609527 | disease phenotypes: MIM:115200

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): dilated cardiomyopathy 1A (MONDO:0007269)

Orphanet (1): Familial dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction defect due to LMNA mutation (Orphanet:300751)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

12 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST000100_3Thyroid stimulating hormone levels8.000000e-06
GCST001066_8Dialysis-related mortality4.000000e-06
GCST003081_10Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis (age 10 years and older)4.000000e-06
GCST003542_181Night sleep phenotypes3.000000e-06
GCST004750_17Squamous cell lung carcinoma5.000000e-06
GCST006427_47Depression in smokers1.000000e-07
GCST006627_100Diastolic blood pressure9.000000e-14
GCST009306_2Spatial processing1.000000e-06
GCST010304_57Cutaneous malignant melanoma2.000000e-08
GCST010307_5Urinary albumin excretion1.000000e-10
GCST011349_6Gamma glutamyl transferase levels4.000000e-09
GCST90014325_33Asthma2.000000e-09

EFO canonical traits (4, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0006336diastolic blood pressure
EFO:0008354cognitive function measurement
EFO:0004285albuminuria
EFO:0004532serum gamma-glutamyl transferase measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB clinical annotations

1 annotations.

VariantTypeLevelDrugsPhenotypes
rs16873129Efficacy3antidepressantsMajor Depressive Disorder

PharmGKB variants

2 variants.

VariantGenesLevelScore#Clin annotsDrugs
rs6461639RAPGEF50.000
rs16873129RAPGEF530.001antidepressants

CTD chemical–gene interactions

44 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects expression, affects methylation, decreases expression4
Valproic Acidaffects expression, increases expression4
Cyclosporinedecreases expression, increases expression, increases methylation3
sodium arseniteaffects acetylation, affects methylation2
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxindecreases expression2
Aflatoxin B1decreases methylation2
aristolochic acid Idecreases expression1
sotorasibaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
bisphenol Aaffects cotreatment, decreases methylation1
trichostatin Adecreases expression1
butyraldehydedecreases expression1
benzo(e)pyreneincreases methylation1
aflatoxin B2increases methylation1
CGP 52608increases reaction, affects binding1
monomethylarsonous acidaffects acetylation, affects methylation1
ICG 001decreases expression1
abrinedecreases expression1
asparanin Adecreases expression1
bisphenol Sdecreases methylation1
NSC 689534affects binding, decreases expression1
trametinibaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
NVP-BKM120affects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Arsenic Trioxidedecreases expression1
Fulvestrantaffects cotreatment, decreases methylation1
Vorinostatincreases expression1
Leflunomideincreases expression1
Acetaminophenincreases expression1
Air Pollutantsincreases abundance, increases expression1
Carbamazepineaffects expression1
Copperaffects binding, decreases expression1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_E2IHHAP1 RAPGEF5 (-)Cancer cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

1 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

TrialPhaseStatusTitle
NCT05394506Not specifiedRECRUITINGModifying Factors in Striated Muscle Laminopathies