RASA4

Summary

RASA4 (RAS p21 protein activator 4, HGNC:23181) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 7q22.1, encoding Ras GTPase-activating protein 4 (O43374). Ca(2+)-dependent Ras GTPase-activating protein, that switches off the Ras-MAPK pathway following a stimulus that elevates intracellular calcium. It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 27.8% of cell lines).

This gene encodes a member of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating proteins that suppresses the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in response to Ca(2+). Stimuli that increase intracellular Ca(2+) levels result in the translocation of this protein to the plasma membrane, where it activates Ras GTPase activity. Consequently, Ras is converted from the active GTP-bound state to the inactive GDP-bound state and no longer activates downstream pathways that regulate gene expression, cell growth, and differentiation. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 10156 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 7 total
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 27.8% of screened cell lines
• MANE Select transcript: NM_006989

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:23181
Approved symbol	RASA4
Name	RAS p21 protein activator 4
Location	7q22.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	KIAA0538, CAPRI, GAPL
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000105808
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	607943
Entrez	10156

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 25 — 17 protein_coding, 6 retained_intron, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000262940, ENST00000449970, ENST00000461209, ENST00000462172, ENST00000519539, ENST00000519878, ENST00000520042, ENST00000520577, ENST00000521076, ENST00000521397, ENST00000521822, ENST00000521892, ENST00000522223, ENST00000522443, ENST00000522801, ENST00000523568, ENST00000903861, ENST00000903862, ENST00000903864, ENST00000903865, ENST00000916277, ENST00000960941, ENST00000960942, ENST00000960943, ENST00000960944

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_006989 NM_001079877, NM_006989

CCDS: CCDS47674, CCDS5725

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000262940 — 21 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001940252	102579646	102582892
ENSE00003462000	102593707	102593844
ENSE00003472352	102584218	102584338
ENSE00003473120	102592285	102592454
ENSE00003500506	102587635	102587770
ENSE00003517971	102596012	102596129
ENSE00003522646	102590159	102590296
ENSE00003527553	102595634	102595784
ENSE00003541845	102600257	102600388
ENSE00003564446	102605858	102605987
ENSE00003609935	102592994	102593138
ENSE00003629408	102609341	102609454
ENSE00003633920	102608761	102608822
ENSE00003640475	102611086	102611142
ENSE00003644844	102599860	102599954
ENSE00003648115	102595305	102595369
ENSE00003649430	102583004	102583068
ENSE00003674737	102594447	102594559
ENSE00003684400	102594050	102594242
ENSE00003791683	102602324	102602405
ENSE00003901398	102616625	102616756

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 137 present calls, max score 98.61.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.1199 / max 9.7597, expressed in 55 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
85359	0.1199	55

Top tissues by expression

137 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	98.61	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	98.53	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	98.11	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	98.04	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	96.43	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	95.78	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	95.28	gold quality
myometrium	UBERON:0001296	94.87	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	94.75	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	94.59	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	94.24	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	94.12	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	94.02	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	94.02	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	93.89	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	93.85	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	93.60	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	93.48	gold quality
adipose tissue	UBERON:0001013	93.29	gold quality
uterine cervix	UBERON:0000002	93.24	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	93.19	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	93.07	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	92.80	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	92.80	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	92.51	gold quality
temporal lobe	UBERON:0001871	92.51	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	92.48	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	92.48	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	92.44	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	92.20	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 7 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-5061	yes	14.60
E-GEOD-81547	yes	10.53
E-ANND-3	yes	8.12
E-MTAB-7303	no	582.48
E-GEOD-100618	no	91.87
E-MTAB-10137	no	7.16
E-GEOD-125970	no	3.57

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

110 targeting RASA4, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4776-3P	100.00	68.73	1340
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-4481	100.00	66.42	1669
HSA-MIR-4262	100.00	73.26	3931
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759
HSA-MIR-4500	99.99	72.72	2367
HSA-MIR-8068	99.98	73.85	2376
HSA-MIR-373-5P	99.98	75.36	4753
HSA-MIR-616-5P	99.98	75.58	4775
HSA-MIR-520D-5P	99.98	73.34	4883
HSA-MIR-524-5P	99.98	73.43	4882
HSA-LET-7A-5P	99.98	72.29	1790
HSA-LET-7B-5P	99.98	72.31	1790
HSA-LET-7C-5P	99.98	72.29	1790
HSA-LET-7E-5P	99.98	72.29	1790
HSA-LET-7F-5P	99.98	72.56	1784
HSA-LET-7G-5P	99.98	72.37	1784
HSA-LET-7I-5P	99.98	72.37	1788
HSA-MIR-98-5P	99.98	72.33	1787
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-LET-7D-5P	99.96	71.76	1632
HSA-MIR-4458	99.96	71.64	1650
HSA-MIR-552-5P	99.93	68.56	1583
HSA-MIR-6721-5P	99.93	68.92	2981
HSA-MIR-4648	99.91	67.00	710
HSA-MIR-4753-3P	99.90	71.03	3786
HSA-MIR-7162-3P	99.89	68.16	1682
HSA-MIR-1343-3P	99.89	66.78	1815
HSA-MIR-6783-3P	99.89	67.92	2059
HSA-MIR-7845-5P	99.88	64.88	771

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 27.8% of screened cell lines.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 7)

• CAPRI (Ca2+-promoted Ras inactivator) a Ca2+-dependent Ras GTPase-activating protein (Ras GAP). Switches off the Ras-MAPK pathway following G protein-coupled receptor stimulated intracellular Ca2+ elevation that recruits CAPRI to the plasma membrane. (PMID:11448776)
• CAPRI seems to low-pass filter the Ca2+ signal, converting different intensities of stimulation into different durations of Ras activity. (PMID:16009725)
• Ca2+-dependent monomer and dimer formation switches CAPRI Protein between Ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP) and RapGAP activities (PMID:21460216)
• RASA4 isoform 2 promoter methylation correlated with clinical parameters predicting poor prognosis (older age, elevated fetal hemoglobin), with higher risk of relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and with PTPN11 mutation. (PMID:25147919)
• Treponema denticola-Induced RASA4 Upregulation Mediates Cytoskeletal Dysfunction and MMP-2 Activity in Periodontal Fibroblasts. (PMID:34094999)
• Ras inhibitor CAPRI enables neutrophil-like cells to chemotax through a higher-concentration range of gradients. (PMID:34675073)
• RASA4 inhibits the HIFalpha signaling pathway to suppress proliferation of cervical cancer cells. (PMID:34752201)

Cross-species orthologs

7 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	rasa4	ENSDARG00000029372
mus_musculus	Rasa4	ENSMUSG00000004952
rattus_norvegicus	Rasa4	ENSRNOG00000001431
drosophila_melanogaster	RasGAP1	FBGN0004390
drosophila_melanogaster	raskol	FBGN0261570
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001515
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001516

Paralogs (10): RASAL2 (ENSG00000075391), RASAL3 (ENSG00000105122), RASAL1 (ENSG00000111344), DAB2IP (ENSG00000136848), RASA1 (ENSG00000145715), RASA2 (ENSG00000155903), RASA4B (ENSG00000170667), RASA3 (ENSG00000185989), NF1 (ENSG00000196712), SYNGAP1 (ENSG00000197283)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Ras GTPase-activating protein 4 — O43374 (reviewed: O43374)

Alternative names: Calcium-promoted Ras inactivator, Ras p21 protein activator 4, RasGAP-activating-like protein 2

All UniProt accessions (7): O43374, E5RGQ8, E5RID2, E5RK78, E7ERK1, H0YB35, H0YBU2

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Ca(2+)-dependent Ras GTPase-activating protein, that switches off the Ras-MAPK pathway following a stimulus that elevates intracellular calcium. Functions as an adaptor for Cdc42 and Rac1 during FcR-mediated phagocytosis.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Cytosol. Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Widely expressed.

Cofactor. Binds 3 Ca(2+) ions per C2 domain.

Domain organisation. The PH domain does not bind phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate or phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. This lack of binding activity is due to Leu-592, compared to Arg found in other family members.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
O43374-1	1	yes
O43374-2	2

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001073346, NP_008920* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000008	C2_dom	Domain
IPR001562	Znf_Btk_motif	Conserved_site
IPR001849	PH_domain	Domain
IPR001936	RasGAP_dom	Domain
IPR008936	Rho_GTPase_activation_prot	Homologous_superfamily
IPR011993	PH-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR023152	RasGAP_CS	Conserved_site
IPR035892	C2_domain_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR037777	RASA4_PH	Domain
IPR039360	Ras_GTPase	Family

Pfam: PF00168, PF00169, PF00616, PF00779

UniProt features (43 total): binding site 26, sequence conflict 6, domain 4, sequence variant 2, chain 1, site 1, splice variant 1, zinc finger region 1, region of interest 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-O43374-F1	86.33	0.56

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 343 (arginine finger; crucial for gtp hydrolysis by stabilizing the transition state)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (26): 74; 74; 76; 76; 76; 79; 82; 82; 149; 149; 155; 202 …

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-5658442	Regulation of RAS by GAPs

MSigDB gene sets: 186 (showing top): WALLACE_PROSTATE_CANCER_RACE_UP, RORA1_01, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_HYDROLASE_ACTIVITY, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_GTPASE_ACTIVITY, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_SMALL_GTPASE_MEDIATED_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_SMALL_GTPASE_MEDIATED_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_METAL_ION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_INTRACELLULAR_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_48HR_DN, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_HYDROLASE_ACTIVITY, SHEDDEN_LUNG_CANCER_GOOD_SURVIVAL_A4, BLALOCK_ALZHEIMERS_DISEASE_UP, GOBP_RAS_PROTEIN_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_MOLECULAR_FUNCTION, LIAO_METASTASIS

GO Biological Process (6): negative regulation of GTPase activity (GO:0034260), intracellular signal transduction (GO:0035556), negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction (GO:0046580), cellular response to calcium ion (GO:0071277), regulation of intracellular signal transduction (GO:1902531), regulation of GTPase activity (GO:0043087)

GO Molecular Function (4): GTPase activator activity (GO:0005096), phospholipid binding (GO:0005543), zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (4): cytosol (GO:0005829), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
RAF/MAP kinase cascade	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
GTPase activity	3
cellular anatomical structure	3
intracellular anatomical structure	2
regulation of GTPase activity	1
negative regulation of biological process	1
negative regulation of hydrolase activity	1
signal transduction	1
Ras protein signal transduction	1
regulation of Ras protein signal transduction	1
negative regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction	1
response to calcium ion	1
cellular response to metal ion	1
regulation of signal transduction	1
intracellular signal transduction	1
regulation of hydrolase activity	1
enzyme activator activity	1
GTPase regulator activity	1
lipid binding	1
transition metal ion binding	1
cation binding	1
cytoplasm	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

574 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
RASA4	RASGRP1	O95267	825
RASA4	RABIF	P47224	625
RASA4	SCAF11	Q99590	624
RASA4	RASGRP4	Q8TDF6	581
RASA4	PLEK2	Q9NYT0	557
RASA4	PLEK	P08567	554
RASA4	CASP14	P31944	550
RASA4	TRPC3	Q13507	531
RASA4	CCDC70	Q6NSX1	524
RASA4	RND1	Q92730	523
RASA4	SRC	P12931	515
RASA4	CDC42	P21181	489
RASA4	TBL1X	O60907	478
RASA4	PUS10	Q3MIT2	443
RASA4	PLCG2	P16885	428

IntAct

10 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
PCNA	RASA4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
Prdm16	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
BMI1	HMGB1P1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ACKR3	PDE2A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TUBB	VWA8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RASA4	JPT2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
RASA4	APMAP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
RASA4	ERBB3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
RASA4	OVGP1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (5): RASA4 (Affinity Capture-MS), RASA4 (Reconstituted Complex), RASA4 (Affinity Capture-MS), RASA4 (Affinity Capture-MS), RASA4 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0B4J1F4, A0A0G2JXN2, A2AWP8, A2RRH5, C9J798, O43374, O70277, O95294, P04629, P59926, Q0GA42, Q13368, Q14318, Q16512, Q29RM4, Q2HY40, Q2T9P3, Q2TBA3, Q5BIM1, Q5M7W1, Q5R5M3, Q5R811, Q5T7P8, Q5XIS9, Q62746, Q6PFQ7, Q6PFY8, Q7TNM2, Q7TP90, Q7Z4K8, Q8BG60, Q8BHT7, Q8BQC3, Q8C6N3, Q8CIW5, Q8IZ69, Q8NCT1, Q920N2, Q92546, Q925B4

Diamond homologs: A0AVI2, A0JJX5, A3KGK3, B2RUP2, C9J798, O43374, O95294, P48231, Q2WGJ9, Q54E35, Q5SPC5, Q8L706, Q8L7A4, Q8W4D4, Q9ERC5, Q9ESF1, Q9FVJ3, Q9HC10, Q9R189, Q9UT00, A0A075F932, A0FGR9, K8FE10, O00445, O35681, O43581, O94812, P04409, P05128, P10829, P13677, P21521, P21579, P21707, P24505, P24506, P24507, P29101, P34693, P40748

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

7 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	4
Likely benign	1
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

3356 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
7:102582748:G:C	donor_gain	1.0000
7:102582774:CGT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
7:102582893:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:102583067:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:102583068:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:102584211:GACTC:G	donor_loss	1.0000
7:102584212:ACTCA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
7:102584214:TCA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
7:102584215:CA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
7:102584216:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
7:102584216:A:C	donor_loss	1.0000
7:102584216:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
7:102584217:C:A	donor_loss	1.0000
7:102584217:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
7:102584217:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
7:102584217:CCA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
7:102584334:CTGAC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:102584335:TGAC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:102584336:GAC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:102584337:AC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:102584338:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:102584339:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:102584346:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:102587769:CA:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:102587771:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:102592280:CCCA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
7:102592281:CCA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
7:102592283:A:T	donor_loss	1.0000
7:102592284:CC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
7:102592453:CT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

5224 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
7:102609420:A:G	W53R	0.999
7:102609420:A:T	W53R	0.999
7:102587665:A:G	W692R	0.998
7:102587665:A:T	W692R	0.998
7:102587749:A:G	W664R	0.998
7:102587749:A:T	W664R	0.998
7:102600361:A:G	W180R	0.998
7:102600361:A:T	W180R	0.998
7:102609418:C:A	W53C	0.998
7:102609418:C:G	W53C	0.998
7:102593707:C:A	K505N	0.997
7:102593707:C:G	K505N	0.997
7:102593789:G:T	A478D	0.997
7:102600359:C:A	W180C	0.997
7:102600359:C:G	W180C	0.997
7:102602361:A:T	V158D	0.997
7:102608805:C:T	G85E	0.997
7:102609362:A:T	V72D	0.997
7:102609419:C:G	W53S	0.997
7:102611120:A:G	C30R	0.997
7:102616650:C:A	G14W	0.997
7:102593767:G:C	F485L	0.996
7:102593767:G:T	F485L	0.996
7:102593769:A:G	F485L	0.996
7:102593777:G:T	P482H	0.996
7:102593818:G:C	S468R	0.996
7:102593818:G:T	S468R	0.996
7:102593820:T:G	S468R	0.996
7:102611123:A:C	Y29D	0.996
7:102616650:C:G	G14R	0.996

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1003473758 (7:102612371 G>T), RS1004679248 (7:102603865 C>A), RS1005660489 (7:102612329 G>GC), RS1006043556 (7:102596457 T>A,G), RS1012904728 (7:102613734 G>A), RS1014670600 (7:102603879 C>A), RS1028830161 (7:102595278 T>A,G), RS1035236572 (7:102612500 G>C), RS1041002414 (7:102608085 C>T), RS1049617355 (7:102611015 A>C,G), RS1060228 (7:102584251 T>C), RS111387683 (7:102589132 C>T), RS111563401 (7:102618273 C>T), RS112003076 (7:102603241 G>A,T), RS112083455 (7:102601172 C>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:607943 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST003837_4	Chronotype	8.000000e-15
GCST003838_4	Morning vs. evening chronotype	7.000000e-07
GCST010118_153	Type 2 diabetes	3.000000e-11

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

26 total (human), top 26 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	increases methylation, decreases expression	4
sodium arsenite	increases abundance, increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	3
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
afuresertib	increases expression	1
sotorasib	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
2-(1H-indazol-4-yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-ylthieno(3,2-d)pyrimidine	increases expression, increases response to substance	1
asparanin A	increases expression	1
trametinib	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
NVP-BKM120	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Arsenic Trioxide	decreases expression	1
Acetaminophen	increases expression	1
Glyphosate	increases expression	1
Arsenic	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases expression	1
Cisplatin	decreases expression	1
Drugs, Chinese Herbal	increases expression	1
Estradiol	decreases expression	1
Ethyl Methanesulfonate	decreases expression	1
Methyl Methanesulfonate	decreases expression	1
Niclosamide	increases expression	1
Phenylmercuric Acetate	decreases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Okadaic Acid	decreases expression	1
Lactic Acid	affects expression	1
S-Nitrosoglutathione	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.