RFK

Summary

RFK (riboflavin kinase, HGNC:30324) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 9q21.13, encoding Riboflavin kinase (Q969G6). Catalyzes the phosphorylation of riboflavin (vitamin B2) to form flavin-mononucleotide (FMN), hence rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of FAD. It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 34.1% of cell lines).

Riboflavin kinase (RFK; EC 2.7.1.26) is an essential enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of riboflavin (vitamin B2) to form flavin mononucleotide (FMN), an obligatory step in vitamin B2 utilization and flavin cofactor synthesis (Karthikeyan et al., 2003 [PubMed 12623014]).

Source: NCBI Gene 55312 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 17 total
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 34.1% of screened cell lines
• MANE Select transcript: NM_018339

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:30324
Approved symbol	RFK
Name	riboflavin kinase
Location	9q21.13
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ11149, RIFK
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000135002
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	613010
Entrez	55312

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 6 — 4 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 2 protein_coding

ENST00000376736, ENST00000472900, ENST00000476087, ENST00000479197, ENST00000483155, ENST00000490113

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_018339 NM_018339

CCDS: CCDS35044

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000376736 — 4 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001471508	76385526	76387529
ENSE00001471519	76394090	76394426
ENSE00003509999	76388554	76388656
ENSE00003648958	76392418	76392569

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 292 present calls, max score 98.40.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 20.5020 / max 238.6054, expressed in 1804 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
101037	17.2970	1799
101038	3.1653	1428
101031	0.0268	6
101032	0.0129	2

Top tissues by expression

295 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	98.40	gold quality
substantia nigra pars compacta	UBERON:0001965	98.37	gold quality
superior vestibular nucleus	UBERON:0007227	97.88	gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulata	UBERON:0001966	97.74	gold quality
pons	UBERON:0000988	97.57	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	97.53	gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampus	UBERON:0003881	96.88	gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	UBERON:0002736	96.84	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	96.73	gold quality
lateral globus pallidus	UBERON:0002476	96.38	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	96.36	gold quality
colonic mucosa	UBERON:0000317	95.94	gold quality
ventral tegmental area	UBERON:0002691	95.92	gold quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	95.90	gold quality
jejunum	UBERON:0002115	95.78	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	95.62	gold quality
entorhinal cortex	UBERON:0002728	95.52	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	95.48	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	95.46	gold quality
postcentral gyrus	UBERON:0002581	95.42	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	95.41	gold quality
medulla oblongata	UBERON:0001896	95.36	gold quality
parietal lobe	UBERON:0001872	95.34	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	95.17	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	95.12	gold quality
pericardium	UBERON:0002407	94.95	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	94.80	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	94.74	gold quality
orbitofrontal cortex	UBERON:0004167	94.63	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	94.58	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-6701	yes	81.88
E-ANND-3	yes	5.14

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

120 targeting RFK, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-340-5P	100.00	72.50	4437
HSA-MIR-4668-3P	100.00	68.74	2635
HSA-MIR-5692B	100.00	71.32	2622
HSA-MIR-5692C	100.00	71.32	2622
HSA-MIR-188-3P	100.00	68.76	1240
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-1277-5P	100.00	73.95	5056
HSA-LET-7A-3P	100.00	74.03	3932
HSA-LET-7B-3P	100.00	74.08	3913
HSA-LET-7F-1-3P	100.00	74.02	3928
HSA-MIR-98-3P	100.00	74.08	3907
HSA-MIR-196A-1-3P	99.99	72.15	2772
HSA-MIR-511-3P	99.99	68.85	1467
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-3662	99.99	73.82	5684
HSA-MIR-513B-5P	99.99	69.96	2150
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759
HSA-MIR-4789-5P	99.98	70.76	2721
HSA-MIR-8068	99.98	73.85	2376
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-3148	99.97	75.06	6478
HSA-MIR-3065-5P	99.97	71.56	3281
HSA-MIR-570-3P	99.96	72.41	4910
HSA-MIR-4666A-3P	99.96	71.71	3434
HSA-MIR-3658	99.96	73.87	4379
HSA-MIR-495-3P	99.96	72.81	4197
HSA-MIR-5688	99.96	73.23	4504
HSA-MIR-548AJ-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-548X-3P	99.96	73.38	5345

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 34.1% of screened cell lines.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 5)

• the structure of riboflavin kinase cocrystallized with both MgADP and FMN is reported; drastic conformational changes associated with flavin binding are observed primarily at the so-called Flap I and Flap II loop regions (PMID:14580199)
• results suggest that TNF, through the activation of RFK, enhances the incorporation of FAD in NADPH oxidase enzymes, a critical step for the assembly and activation of NADPH oxidase (PMID:19641494)
• levels of riboflavin kinase expression correlate well with Gleason score, known as a good indicator of patient prognosis (PMID:21308351)
• DR4 and DR5 have a capability to activate Nox1 by recruiting RFK, resulting in ROS-mediated apoptotic cell death in tumor cells. (PMID:22158615)
• Results from a study on gene expression variability markers in early-stage human embryos shows that RFK is a putative expression variability marker for the 3-day, 8-cell embryo stage. (PMID:26288249)

Cross-species orthologs

7 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	rfk	ENSDARG00000060522
mus_musculus	Rfk	ENSMUSG00000024712
rattus_norvegicus	AABR07053065.1	ENSRNOG00000004381
rattus_norvegicus	Rfk	ENSRNOG00000022273
rattus_norvegicus	Rfk-ps1	ENSRNOG00000066048
drosophila_melanogaster	Rfk	FBGN0014930
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00011224

Protein

Protein identifiers

Riboflavin kinase — Q969G6 (reviewed: Q969G6)

Alternative names: ATP:riboflavin 5’-phosphotransferase, Flavokinase

All UniProt accessions (2): Q969G6, H7C4G0

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Catalyzes the phosphorylation of riboflavin (vitamin B2) to form flavin-mononucleotide (FMN), hence rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of FAD. Essential for TNF-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Through its interaction with both TNFRSF1A and CYBA, physically and functionally couples TNFRSF1A to NADPH oxidase. TNF-activation of RFK may enhance the incorporation of FAD in NADPH oxidase, a critical step for the assembly and activation of NADPH oxidase.

Subunit / interactions. Monomer. Directly interacts with TNFRSF1A death domain. TNFRSF1A-binding may be supported by TRADD. In the absence of TNFRSF1A, interacts with TRADD. Independently of TNFRSF1A, interacts with the NADPH oxidase subunit CYBA.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity. Detected in brain, placenta and urinary bladder.

Cofactor. Zinc or magnesium.

Pathway. Cofactor biosynthesis; FMN biosynthesis; FMN from riboflavin (ATP route): step 1/1.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_060809* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR015865	Riboflavin_kinase_bac/euk	Domain
IPR023465	Riboflavin_kinase_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR023468	Riboflavin_kinase	Family

Pfam: PF01687

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 2.7.1.26 — riboflavin kinase (BRENDA: 15 organisms, 72 substrates, 59 inhibitors, 73 Km, 52 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

3 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 3. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
RIBOFLAVIN	—	35
ATP	—	32
ROSEOFLAVIN	0.03	1

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• riboflavin + ATP = FMN + ADP + H(+) (RHEA:14357)

UniProt features (29 total): binding site 12, strand 7, helix 6, chain 1, active site 1, mutagenesis site 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

4 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
1NB0	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.7
1NB9	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.7
1P4M	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.8
1Q9S	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.42

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q969G6-F1	90.73	0.78

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 79 (nucleophile)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (12): 91; 104; 107; 109; 15; 21; 27; 27; 29; 29; 82; 84

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (1):

Position	Phenotype
79	loss of riboflavin kinase activity. no effect on tnfrsf1a- and cyba-binding.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-196843	Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) metabolism

MSigDB gene sets: 196 (showing top): GSE18804_SPLEEN_MACROPHAGE_VS_COLON_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_DN, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_OXIDOREDUCTASE_ACTIVITY, GOBP_ORGANOPHOSPHATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_16HR_UP, GOBP_NUCLEOSIDE_PHOSPHATE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ORGANOPHOSPHATE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_NUCLEOBASE_CONTAINING_SMALL_MOLECULE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_SMALL_MOLECULE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CATALYTIC_ACTIVITY, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_MOLECULAR_FUNCTION, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_VITAMIN_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (7): riboflavin metabolic process (GO:0006771), apoptotic process (GO:0006915), riboflavin biosynthetic process (GO:0009231), FMN biosynthetic process (GO:0009398), positive regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity (GO:0033864), flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process (GO:0072388), reactive oxygen species metabolic process (GO:0072593)

GO Molecular Function (7): ATP binding (GO:0005524), riboflavin kinase activity (GO:0008531), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), protein binding (GO:0005515), kinase activity (GO:0016301), transferase activity (GO:0016740)

GO Cellular Component (3): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), mitochondrion (GO:0005739), cytosol (GO:0005829)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process	3
cellular anatomical structure	2
cytoplasm	2
flavin-containing compound metabolic process	1
programmed cell death	1
apoptotic signaling pathway	1
execution phase of apoptosis	1
riboflavin metabolic process	1
water-soluble vitamin biosynthetic process	1
ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process	1
ribonucleotide biosynthetic process	1
FMN metabolic process	1
NAD(P)H oxidase H2O2-forming activity	1
positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity	1
nucleotide biosynthetic process	1
flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process	1
metabolic process	1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding	1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding	1
kinase activity	1
phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor	1
cation binding	1
nucleoside phosphate binding	1
heterocyclic compound binding	1
binding	1
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups	1
catalytic activity	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1681 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
RFK	TNFRSF1A	P19438	969
RFK	FLAD1	Q8NFF5	919
RFK	NOX1	Q9Y5S8	868
RFK	TRADD	Q15628	855
RFK	CYBA	P13498	849
RFK	FDXR	P22570	747
RFK	NOXO1	Q8NFA2	702
RFK	PIP4K2B	P78356	647
RFK	THBS1	P07996	578
RFK	SLC25A32	Q9H2D1	575
RFK	SLC52A1	Q9NWF4	557
RFK	CYBB	P04839	540
RFK	NOXA1	Q86UR1	517
RFK	RIPK1	Q13546	515
RFK	MT-CYB	P00156	513

IntAct

16 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TNFRSF1A	TRADD	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.960
TNFRSF1A	RFK	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
RFK	CNTLN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
RFK	CYBA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.460
TNFRSF1A	RFK	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.410
RFK	IL1RN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
TNFRSF1A	CYBB	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CYBA	TNFRSF1A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MRPL49	UBA6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RFK	CNTLN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
RFK		psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
RAB1A	RFK	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
DNAJB9	RFK	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (32): GRHPR (Co-fractionation), MEMO1 (Co-fractionation), RFK (Co-fractionation), RFK (Co-fractionation), RFK (Co-fractionation), RFK (Co-fractionation), RFK (Two-hybrid), RFK (Affinity Capture-Western), TNFRSF1A (Affinity Capture-Western), TRADD (Affinity Capture-Western), CYBA (Affinity Capture-Western), RFK (Two-hybrid), RFK (Two-hybrid), RFK (Two-hybrid), RFK (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2AKQ0, A2VE55, A5GFZ5, C9WPN6, F1QGW6, F6RQL9, O60762, O70152, O77676, P00516, P0C605, P20461, P32189, P35250, P37273, P41091, P53033, P81795, Q05B83, Q0IID9, Q13126, Q13976, Q14409, Q15B89, Q1JQ93, Q2KHU8, Q2KJ61, Q2TBV5, Q2VIR3, Q3MHF7, Q5HZM6, Q5MB13, Q5R797, Q5RDC9, Q5RIC0, Q5ZHS1, Q5ZMS3, Q63060, Q641W4, Q64516

Diamond homologs: A1C603, A1DG00, A2QFH1, A3M0C9, A4QQ05, A5DAH9, A5E1A0, O74866, O76206, P0C5D9, Q03778, Q0CHR1, Q2UMM4, Q4WHD2, Q59263, Q5AW61, Q6CG11, Q6CT57, Q6FM49, Q6M923, Q75DY2, Q84MD8, Q8CFV9, Q969G6, P94465, P73651, P22990, Q8Y7F2, P0AG40, P0AG41, P0AG42, P0AG43, P44957, P47391, P54575, P57250, P75587, Q8K9Z1, Q8Y914, A4IT50

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

17 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	15
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

444 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
9:76387525:TGACT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:76387526:GACT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:76387528:CT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:76387529:TC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
9:76387530:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:76387531:T:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
9:76387547:CAGG:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:76388549:CTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
9:76388551:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
9:76388552:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
9:76388552:ACCT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
9:76388553:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
9:76388553:CCTA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
9:76388553:CCTAA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
9:76388652:GTTTC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:76388653:TTTC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:76388654:TTC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:76388654:TTCC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
9:76388655:TC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:76388656:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:76388657:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:76388658:T:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
9:76388659:A:AC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:76388659:A:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:76388664:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:76388665:A:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:76392412:GCTTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
9:76392414:TTAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
9:76392415:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
9:76392416:ACCAT:A	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1030 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
9:76392455:C:T	G66E	0.999
9:76392460:G:C	S64R	0.999
9:76392460:G:T	S64R	0.999
9:76392462:T:G	S64R	0.999
9:76388580:C:G	R104T	0.998
9:76387491:C:G	A126P	0.997
9:76387502:T:G	D122A	0.997
9:76387523:A:G	L115P	0.997
9:76392506:C:T	G49D	0.997
9:76394129:C:G	G15R	0.997
9:76387502:T:A	D122V	0.996
9:76387503:C:G	D122H	0.996
9:76388564:A:C	F109L	0.996
9:76388564:A:T	F109L	0.996
9:76388566:A:G	F109L	0.996
9:76388579:T:A	R104S	0.996
9:76388579:T:G	R104S	0.996
9:76388654:T:A	E79D	0.996
9:76388654:T:G	E79D	0.996
9:76392501:C:G	A51P	0.996
9:76392565:A:C	N29K	0.996
9:76392565:A:T	N29K	0.996
9:76394117:C:A	G19C	0.996
9:76394117:C:G	G19R	0.996
9:76394120:G:T	R18S	0.996
9:76394128:C:T	G15D	0.996
9:76387515:C:G	A118P	0.995
9:76388650:G:C	H81D	0.995
9:76388655:T:A	E79V	0.995
9:76388656:C:T	E79K	0.995

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000001092 (9:76396338 C>T), RS1000560741 (9:76389207 C>A,T), RS1001016414 (9:76385528 T>C), RS1001489730 (9:76394375 G>A,C), RS1001501089 (9:76394476 G>A), RS1001679438 (9:76395095 T>G), RS1001815320 (9:76395329 C>A,G,T), RS1001836486 (9:76388721 C>T), RS1001984216 (9:76389905 G>C), RS1002292456 (9:76389697 G>A), RS1002557766 (9:76394428 C>A), RS1002661496 (9:76387515 C>A,G,T), RS1002955626 (9:76387193 T>A,C), RS1003648511 (9:76387539 G>C), RS1003828688 (9:76393515 T>A,C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:613010 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000267_7	Multiple sclerosis (age of onset)	5.000000e-06
GCST009391_1430	Metabolite levels	2.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004847	age at onset
EFO:0010408	triacylglycerol 50:1 measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB clinical annotations

1 annotations.

Variant	Type	Level	Drugs	Phenotypes
rs11144870	Efficacy	3	citalopram;escitalopram	Depressive Disorder

PharmGKB variants

1 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs11144870	RFK	3	0.00	1	citalopram;escitalopram

CTD chemical–gene interactions

46 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	increases methylation, affects expression, increases expression	5
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Acetaminophen	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, decreases response to substance	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Tamoxifen	affects expression, affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide	increases expression	2
Raloxifene Hydrochloride	affects expression, affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
methylmercuric chloride	increases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
bisphenol A	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
zinc chromate	increases abundance, increases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
chromium hexavalent ion	increases abundance, increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	1
bisphenol S	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(2-methylnonan-2-yl)phenyl)cyclohexan-1-ol	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Carbamazepine	affects expression	1
Cisplatin	decreases response to substance	1
Demecolcine	increases expression	1
Dexamethasone	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Diamide	decreases response to substance	1
Diazinon	increases methylation	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Ethyl Methanesulfonate	increases expression	1
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide	increases abundance	1
Flavin Mononucleotide	increases abundance	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.