RGS10

Summary

RGS10 (regulator of G protein signaling 10, HGNC:9992) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 10q26.11, encoding Regulator of G-protein signaling 10 (O43665). Regulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades, including signaling downstream of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor CHRM2.

Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) family members are regulatory molecules that act as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) for G alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. RGS proteins are able to deactivate G protein subunits of the Gi alpha, Go alpha and Gq alpha subtypes. They drive G proteins into their inactive GDP-bound forms. Regulator of G protein signaling 10 belongs to this family. All RGS proteins share a conserved 120-amino acid sequence termed the RGS domain. This protein associates specifically with the activated forms of the two related G-protein subunits, G-alphai3 and G-alphaz but fails to interact with the structurally and functionally distinct G-alpha subunits. Regulator of G protein signaling 10 protein is localized in the nucleus. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 6001 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): immunodeficiency disease (Limited, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 21 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001005339

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:9992
Approved symbol	RGS10
Name	regulator of G protein signaling 10
Location	10q26.11
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000148908
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	602856
Entrez	6001

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 10 — 8 protein_coding, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000369101, ENST00000369103, ENST00000392865, ENST00000469575, ENST00000473563, ENST00000903912, ENST00000903913, ENST00000939616, ENST00000949340, ENST00000949341

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_001005339 NM_001005339, NM_002925

CCDS: CCDS31294, CCDS41572

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000369103 — 5 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000988020	119526032	119526118
ENSE00000988021	119515509	119515652
ENSE00001095534	119527306	119527424
ENSE00001429158	119542590	119542719
ENSE00003843858	119499817	119500259

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 276 present calls, max score 99.09.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 46.3867 / max 814.2416, expressed in 1810 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
111692	37.1160	1805
111691	8.9730	1540
111688	0.2045	97
111689	0.0931	55

Top tissues by expression

292 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	99.09	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	98.98	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	98.85	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	98.12	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	97.36	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	97.02	gold quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	96.62	gold quality
periodontal ligament	UBERON:0008266	96.43	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	96.34	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	95.96	gold quality
sigmoid colon	UBERON:0001159	95.81	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	95.44	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	95.33	gold quality
caecum	UBERON:0001153	94.79	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	94.61	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	94.52	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	94.52	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	94.47	gold quality
layer of synovial tissue	UBERON:0007616	94.02	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	93.97	gold quality
synovial joint	UBERON:0002217	93.97	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	93.96	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	93.79	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	93.76	gold quality
large intestine	UBERON:0000059	93.68	gold quality
colon	UBERON:0001155	93.63	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	93.61	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	93.44	gold quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	93.24	gold quality
intestine	UBERON:0000160	93.22	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 31 experiment(s), a significant marker in 28.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-149689	yes	8363.04
E-MTAB-10432	yes	5441.40
E-MTAB-8207	yes	3993.43
E-MTAB-8322	yes	2592.74
E-HCAD-56	yes	623.91
E-MTAB-9388	yes	147.14
E-HCAD-4	yes	119.82
E-MTAB-6701	yes	71.11
E-HCAD-1	yes	59.73
E-HCAD-10	yes	58.68
E-HCAD-11	yes	45.81
E-CURD-46	yes	40.76
E-MTAB-10553	yes	37.43
E-CURD-122	yes	34.19
E-CURD-112	yes	32.68

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): DNMT1, HDAC1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

17 targeting RGS10, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4795-3P	100.00	74.62	4024
HSA-MIR-126-5P	100.00	72.71	3180
HSA-MIR-493-5P	99.96	72.47	2382
HSA-MIR-1468-3P	99.96	72.74	3797
HSA-MIR-5582-3P	99.86	72.48	4221
HSA-MIR-187-5P	99.74	70.26	1404
HSA-MIR-199A-5P	99.51	69.71	1107
HSA-MIR-199B-5P	99.51	69.74	1098
HSA-MIR-330-3P	99.41	69.95	2521
HSA-MIR-103A-1-5P	99.39	67.78	1545
HSA-MIR-103A-2-5P	99.39	67.72	1577
HSA-MIR-3908	98.75	67.31	1160
HSA-MIR-6864-5P	98.38	66.59	1079
HSA-MIR-1910-5P	97.42	66.36	844
HSA-MIR-3121-5P	97.30	66.62	1146
HSA-MIR-6774-3P	89.14	65.20	68
HSA-MIR-941	79.36	58.80	51

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 17)

• diffraction data were collected to 2.5 A resolution at 100 K using synchrotron radiation at Pohang beamline 4A (PMID:16511171)
• Results demonstrate the specificity of RGS10A as a key component in the RANKL-evoked signaling pathway for osteoclast differentiation. (PMID:17881498)
• RGS10 and RGS4 proteins are both detected in postmortem prefrontal cortex. (PMID:20816714)
• Results establish RGS10 and RGS17 as novel regulators of cell survival and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells and suggest that their reduced expression may be diagnostic of chemoresistance. (PMID:21044322)
• RGS10 is a key molecule that contributes to the inhibition of Galpha-dependent signaling during chemokine-activated alpha4beta1- and alphaLbeta2-dependent T cell adhesion. (PMID:21705617)
• Data show that that SPL/RGS/SHP1 complexes are present in resting platelets where constitutive phosphorylation of SPL(Y398) creates an atypical binding site for SHP-1. (PMID:22210881)
• The results suggest unaltered membrane RGS4 and cytosolic RGS10 proteins levels in schizophrenia and major depression. (PMID:23093381)
• Inhibition of HDAC1 and DNMT1 modulate RGS10 expression and decrease ovarian cancer chemoresistance. (PMID:24475290)
• RGS10 plays a role in chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Loss of RGS10 enhances survival among these cells. (PMID:26293348)
• RGS10 could serve in a novel, and previously unknown, role by accelerating the hydrolysis of GTP from Rheb in ovarian cancer cells. (PMID:26319900)
• RGS10 inhibits COX-2 expression. (PMID:30049816)
• Regulator of G protein signaling 10: Structure, expression and functions in cellular physiology and diseases. (PMID:32882407)
• A broad analysis in clinical and in vitro models on regulator of G-protein signalling 10 regulation that is associated with ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance. (PMID:33354811)
• Short stature and combined immunodeficiency associated with mutations in RGS10. (PMID:34315806)
• Experimental colitis promotes sustained, sex-dependent, T-cell-associated neuroinflammation and parkinsonian neuropathology. (PMID:34412704)
• RGS10 suppression by DNA methylation is associated with low survival rates in colorectal carcinoma. (PMID:35810565)
• Epigenetic insights into Familial Mediterranean Fever: Increased RGS10 expression and histone modifications accompanies inflammation in familial Mediterranean fever disease. (PMID:38331118)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Rgs10	ENSMUSG00000030844
rattus_norvegicus	Rgs10	ENSRNOG00000042592
drosophila_melanogaster	loco	FBGN0020278

Paralogs (23): RGS11 (ENSG00000076344), RGS1 (ENSG00000090104), RGS17 (ENSG00000091844), AXIN1 (ENSG00000103126), RGS9 (ENSG00000108370), RGS2 (ENSG00000116741), RGS4 (ENSG00000117152), RGSL1 (ENSG00000121446), RGS13 (ENSG00000127074), RGS22 (ENSG00000132554), RGS8 (ENSG00000135824), RGS3 (ENSG00000138835), RGS5 (ENSG00000143248), RGS16 (ENSG00000143333), RGS20 (ENSG00000147509), RGS18 (ENSG00000150681), RGS12 (ENSG00000159788), AXIN2 (ENSG00000168646), RGS14 (ENSG00000169220), RGS19 (ENSG00000171700), RGS6 (ENSG00000182732), RGS7 (ENSG00000182901), RGS21 (ENSG00000253148)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Regulator of G-protein signaling 10 — O43665 (reviewed: O43665)

All UniProt accessions (1): O43665

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Regulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades, including signaling downstream of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor CHRM2. Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Modulates the activity of potassium channels that are activated in response to CHRM2 signaling. Activity on GNAZ is inhibited by palmitoylation of the G-protein.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with GNAZ, GNAI1 and GNAI3. Associates specifically with the activated, GTP-bound forms of GNAZ and GNAI3.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Cytosol. Nucleus Nucleus.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
O43665-3	3	yes
O43665-1	1
O43665-2	2

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001005339, NP_002916 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR016137	RGS	Domain
IPR024066	RGS_subdom1/3	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036305	RGS_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR037879	RGS10_RGS	Domain
IPR044926	RGS_subdomain_2	Homologous_superfamily
IPR046995	RGS10/12/14-like	Family

Pfam: PF00615

UniProt features (26 total): helix 10, turn 3, modified residue 3, splice variant 2, region of interest 2, chain 1, domain 1, sequence variant 1, mutagenesis site 1, compositionally biased region 1, lipid moiety-binding region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

3 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
2IHB	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.71
2DLR	SOLUTION NMR
2I59	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-O43665-F1	82.20	0.60

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (4): 24, 41, 176, 74

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (1):

Position	Phenotype
176	abolishes phosphorylation site and leads to strongly reduced overall phosphorylation.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-418594	G alpha (i) signalling events

MSigDB gene sets: 390 (showing top): GSE18804_SPLEEN_MACROPHAGE_VS_COLON_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_UP, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_NITROGEN_COMPOUND, BENPORATH_ES_WITH_H3K27ME3, MODULE_45, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_GTPASE_ACTIVITY, IVANOVA_HEMATOPOIESIS_LATE_PROGENITOR, MODULE_16, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_OXYGEN_CONTAINING_COMPOUND, GOBP_CELL_CELL_SIGNALING, MODULE_118, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CATALYTIC_ACTIVITY, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_HYDROLASE_ACTIVITY, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_MOLECULAR_FUNCTION, SASAI_RESISTANCE_TO_NEOPLASTIC_TRANSFROMATION, WOO_LIVER_CANCER_RECURRENCE_UP

GO Biological Process (5): G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186), G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007213), regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0008277), negative regulation of signal transduction (GO:0009968), positive regulation of GTPase activity (GO:0043547)

GO Molecular Function (4): G-protein alpha-subunit binding (GO:0001965), GTPase activity (GO:0003924), GTPase activator activity (GO:0005096), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (7): nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), cytosol (GO:0005829), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), nuclear body (GO:0016604), synapse (GO:0045202), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
GPCR downstream signalling	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	3
signal transduction	2
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	2
regulation of signal transduction	2
GTPase activity	2
G protein-coupled receptor activity	1
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity	1
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	1
negative regulation of cell communication	1
negative regulation of signaling	1
negative regulation of response to stimulus	1
regulation of GTPase activity	1
positive regulation of hydrolase activity	1
protein binding	1
ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity	1
enzyme activator activity	1
GTPase regulator activity	1
binding	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
nuclear lumen	1
cytoplasm	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
nucleoplasm	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
cell junction	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1106 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
RGS10	GNB5	O14775	878
RGS10	SUCLG2	Q96I99	847
RGS10	GNAQ	P50148	783
RGS10	ARHGEF11	O15085	778
RGS10	ARHGEF1	Q92888	775
RGS10	RGSL1	A5PLK6	759
RGS10	GRK2	P25098	755
RGS10	GNAO1	P09471	736
RGS10	RGS7BP	Q6MZT1	726
RGS10	MCF2	P10911	705
RGS10	GNA13	Q14344	692
RGS10	PLEK	P08567	685
RGS10	AKAP10	O43572	659
RGS10	PLEK2	Q9NYT0	650
RGS10	ARHGEF25	Q86VW2	634

IntAct

13 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
RGS10	PLEKHF2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
IL1R2	EXOC5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
Gnao1	RGS10	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
BBS1	SHTN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DNAJB6	SCAMP1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
EIF6	RGS10	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
ARF6	RGS10	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
	RGS10	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
SAP18	RGS10	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
RGS10	SAP18	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
RGS10	PLEKHF2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (17): RGS10 (Affinity Capture-MS), RGS10 (Affinity Capture-MS), SAP18 (Affinity Capture-MS), RGS10 (Affinity Capture-MS), PLEKHF2 (Two-hybrid), RGS10 (Affinity Capture-Western), RGS10 (Affinity Capture-Western), GNAI3 (Biochemical Activity), RGS10 (Affinity Capture-MS), RGS10 (Affinity Capture-MS), RGS10 (Affinity Capture-MS), RGS10 (Reconstituted Complex), RGS10 (Affinity Capture-MS), RGS10 (Affinity Capture-MS), APP (Reconstituted Complex)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1A643, O08849, O08850, O14921, O15539, O35119, O43665, O46470, O54829, P34295, P41220, P49758, P49800, P49802, P49803, P49806, P49808, P49809, P79100, P97844, Q08116, Q09777, Q0P5H5, Q10955, Q2KHW7, Q2M5E4, Q3S853, Q3T0T8, Q4L0E8, Q5M8L6, Q62240, Q6DGI0, Q6RG78, Q864Z2, Q8K443, Q8VYB9, Q99PG4, Q9CQE5, Q9FLY5, Q9JHX0

Diamond homologs: A1A643, F1S668, O08773, O08774, O08849, O08850, O08899, O14921, O14924, O15169, O15492, O15539, O35625, O42400, O43566, O43665, O46469, O46470, O46471, O54828, O54829, O70239, O70240, O70521, O75916, O76081, O88566, O94810, P34295, P41220, P49758, P49795, P49796, P49797, P49798, P49799, P49800, P49802, P49803, P49804

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
PRKACA	“down-regulates activity”	RGS10	phosphorylation

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

21 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	15
Likely benign	0
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1301 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
10:119500255:AAGAT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:119515650:CAT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:119527334:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
10:119542584:GCTTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
10:119542585:CTTAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
10:119542586:TTAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
10:119542587:TAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
10:119542588:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
10:119542588:A:AT	donor_loss	1.0000
10:119542589:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
10:119542589:C:CG	donor_loss	1.0000
10:119542589:CCTGA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
10:119500256:AGAT:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
10:119500257:GAT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
10:119500257:GATC:G	acceptor_loss	0.9900
10:119500258:AT:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
10:119500259:TCTAA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
10:119500260:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
10:119500260:CT:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
10:119500261:T:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
10:119515503:GGTTA:G	donor_loss	0.9900
10:119515504:GTTA:G	donor_loss	0.9900
10:119515505:TTA:T	donor_loss	0.9900
10:119515506:TAC:T	donor_loss	0.9900
10:119515507:AC:A	donor_loss	0.9900
10:119515508:C:CA	donor_loss	0.9900
10:119515649:GCAT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
10:119515650:CATC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
10:119515651:AT:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
10:119515653:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

1223 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
10:119500249:A:G	L137P	1.000
10:119515617:A:C	F97L	1.000
10:119515617:A:T	F97L	1.000
10:119515619:A:G	F97L	1.000
10:119526098:G:C	F63L	1.000
10:119526098:G:T	F63L	1.000
10:119526100:A:G	F63L	1.000
10:119526113:A:C	F58L	1.000
10:119526113:A:T	F58L	1.000
10:119526115:A:G	F58L	1.000
10:119500221:G:C	F146L	0.999
10:119500221:G:T	F146L	0.999
10:119500222:A:G	F146S	0.999
10:119500223:A:G	F146L	0.999
10:119500225:C:G	R145P	0.999
10:119500226:G:T	R145S	0.999
10:119500233:G:C	S142R	0.999
10:119500233:G:T	S142R	0.999
10:119500235:T:G	S142R	0.999
10:119500236:G:C	D141E	0.999
10:119500236:G:T	D141E	0.999
10:119500237:T:A	D141V	0.999
10:119500237:T:C	D141G	0.999
10:119500237:T:G	D141A	0.999
10:119500238:C:G	D141H	0.999
10:119500246:A:C	M138R	0.999
10:119500246:A:G	M138T	0.999
10:119515528:A:G	F127S	0.999
10:119515587:G:C	N107K	0.999
10:119515587:G:T	N107K	0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000089163 (10:119524350 A>G), RS1000101707 (10:119538730 C>T), RS1000163449 (10:119525625 C>T), RS1000208429 (10:119513787 G>A,C,T), RS1000239533 (10:119513517 A>C), RS1000343882 (10:119514103 C>A,G), RS1000356002 (10:119507527 G>A), RS1000386111 (10:119544429 C>CTGT), RS1000640963 (10:119520270 A>G), RS1000701749 (10:119538161 G>T), RS1000765273 (10:119506757 G>A), RS1000803151 (10:119501438 G>A), RS1000831414 (10:119507848 C>G), RS1000870452 (10:119502483 G>A), RS1000932665 (10:119506357 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:602856 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
immunodeficiency disease	Limited	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (1): immunodeficiency disease (MONDO:0021094)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST003835_1	Depressive symptoms (stressful life events interaction)	4.000000e-08
GCST004227_13	Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome	5.000000e-06
GCST010397_83	Gut microbiota (bacterial taxa, rank normal transformation method)	8.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0007006	depressive symptom measurement
EFO:0007781	stressful life event measurement
EFO:0007874	gut microbiome measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: other protein — R12 family

CTD chemical–gene interactions

44 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects expression, increases methylation, affects cotreatment, increases expression	8
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases expression, affects methylation	6
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects expression, increases reaction, increases expression	5
Cyclosporine	decreases expression, increases expression	4
Cisplatin	increases response to substance, affects expression, affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	3
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	increases expression	3
Smoke	decreases expression, increases abundance	2
Tretinoin	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Genistein	increases expression	2
FR900359	decreases phosphorylation	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
bisphenol A	affects cotreatment, increases methylation	1
methylselenic acid	increases expression	1
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate	affects expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
ICG 001	decreases expression	1
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
jinfukang	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Docetaxel	increases response to substance	1
Decitabine	affects expression	1
Sunitinib	decreases expression	1
Fulvestrant	affects cotreatment, increases methylation	1
Vorinostat	increases expression	1
Leflunomide	increases expression	1
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Carbamazepine	affects expression	1
Catechin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Diazinon	increases methylation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

247 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00001542	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Fluconazole Prophylaxis of Thrush in AIDS
NCT00144157	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open Label Study of NVP+CBV Treatment in Women Who Have Received sdNVP for the pMTCT of HIV
NCT00162643	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	PI Vs. NNRTI Based Therapy for HIV Advanced Disease
NCT00273988	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pharmacokinetic Study of Interaction Between Nevirapine and Methadone in HIV-1 Infected, Opioid-dependent Adults
NCT00981318	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Pilot Assessment of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Maraviroc
NCT01086878	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety of Cotrimoxazole in HIV- and HAART-exposed Infants
NCT01090102	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Mesalamine to Reduce T Cell Activation in HIV Infection
NCT01147042	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Biochemical Response to Interferon-Gamma in Subjects With Specific Gene Mutation in Chronic Granulomatous Disease
NCT01230580	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy Versus Ongoing Triple-therapy in the Long Term Management of HIV Infection (PIVOT)
NCT01465958	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Subcutaneous GAMUNEX-C in Pediatric Subjects With Primary Immunodeficiency
NCT02274662	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Expanded Access Protocol Thymus Transplantation
NCT02348177	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pharmacokinetics of Lopinavir/Ritonavir Superboosting in Infants and Young Children Co-infected With HIV and TB
NCT02396979	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Intervention of HIV, Drug Use and the Criminal Justice System in Malaysia
NCT02490956	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Diagnostic Immunization With Rabies Vaccine in Patients With PID
NCT02503293	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study to Compare Quality of Life and Satisfaction in Primary Immunodeficient Patients Treated With Subcutaneous Injections of Gammanorm® 165 mg/mL Administered With Two Different Delivery Devices: Injections Using Pump or Rapid Push
NCT02881437	PHASE4	COMPLETED	IgG Level in Primary Immunodeficiency Switching From Standard SCIG to Every Other Week HyQvia
NCT03033745	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety and Tolerability of Higher Infusion Parameters of IgPro20 (Hizentra) in Subjects With Primary Immunodeficiency (PID)
NCT03677557	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Safety, Tolerability, Patient Satisfaction and Cost of 16.5% Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin (Cutaquig®) Treatment
NCT04192487	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Crofelemer on the Gut Microbiome in Healthy Volunteers and in HIV+ Patients With Non-Infectious Diarrhea
NCT04566692	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study to Evaluate IGSC 20% Biweekly Dosing in Treatment-Experienced Participants and Loading/Maintenance Dosing in Treatment-Naïve Participants With Primary Immunodeficiency
NCT05493969	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Efficacy and Tolerability of DTG Plus 3TC in HIV Infected Adults With Virologically Suppression and TDF Toxicity
NCT06576024	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Immunogenicity and Safety of Inactivated Hepatitis A Vaccine in HIV-infected People
NCT06634641	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Clozapine-related Immunodeficiency in Parkinsons Disease
NCT07076446	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	An Open-label, Multicenter Study to Assess the Pharmacokinetics (PK), Safety, and Tolerability of Subcutaneous IgPro20 in Immunoglobulin (IG) Treatment-naïve Participants With Primary Immunodeficiency (PID)
NCT00000118	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Ganciclovir Implant Study for Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
NCT00000134	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Studies of the Ocular Complications of AIDS (SOCA)–Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Retreatment Trial (CRRT)
NCT00000590	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Anti-HIV Immunoglobulin (HIVIG) in Prevention of Maternal-Fetal HIV Transmission (Pediatric ACTG Protocol 185)
NCT00001267	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Randomized Pilot Study for the Treatment of AIDS or AIDS Related Complex With an Alternating or Simultaneous Combination Regimen of AZT and 2’,3’-Dideoxyinosine
NCT00001646	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Voriconazole vs. Amphotericin B in the Treatment of Invasive Aspergillosis
NCT00144183	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Study of Single Dose Nevirapine (NVP) Combined With Combivir® for the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (pMTCT) - Treatment Options Preservation Study (TOPS)
NCT00243568	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Vicriviroc, a CCR5 Inhibitor, Added to an Optimized Antiretroviral Therapy for Previously Treated HIV (VICTOR-E2) (Study P04285
NCT00278954	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Gammaplex in Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases.
NCT00474370	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Vicriviroc in HIV-Treatment Experienced Subjects (Study P04889AM8)(COMPLETED)
NCT00478231	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Multicenter, Safety Study Of Maraviroc
NCT00523211	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Vicriviroc in HIV-Treatment Experienced Subjects (Study P04405AM5)
NCT00698334	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Thrice Weekly Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS) in HIV-associated Tuberculosis
NCT00966160	PHASE3	COMPLETED	CD4 Cell Recovery in HIV-1 Patients Comparing 2 Treatment Regimes
NCT01363011	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Cobicistat-containing Highly Active Antiretroviral Regimens in HIV-1 Infected Patients With Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment
NCT01440569	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of Cobicistat-boosted Darunavir in HIV Infected Adults
NCT01475838	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate Switching From Regimens Consisting of a Ritonavir-boosted Protease Inhibitor Plus Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Fixed-Dose Combination to the Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF Single-Tablet Regimen in Virologically Suppressed, HIV-1 Infected Patients