RGS20

gene
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Also known as RGSZ1ZGAP1

Summary

RGS20 (regulator of G protein signaling 20, HGNC:14600) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 8q11.23, encoding Regulator of G-protein signaling 20 (O76081). Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form.

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins, which are regulatory and structural components of G protein-coupled receptor complexes. RGS proteins inhibit signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound forms. This protein selectively binds to G(z)-alpha and G(alpha)-i2 subunits, and regulates their signaling activities. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 8601 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 4
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 77 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_003702

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:14600
Approved symbolRGS20
Nameregulator of G protein signaling 20
Location8q11.23
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesRGSZ1, ZGAP1
Ensembl geneENSG00000147509
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM607193
Entrez8601

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 10 — 4 protein_coding, 4 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000276500, ENST00000297313, ENST00000344277, ENST00000517405, ENST00000517659, ENST00000518286, ENST00000522225, ENST00000523064, ENST00000523280, ENST00000523414

RefSeq mRNA: 5 — MANE Select: NM_003702 NM_001286673, NM_001286674, NM_001286675, NM_003702, NM_170587

CCDS: CCDS6155, CCDS6156, CCDS69482

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000276500 — 5 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000021036435388087253881084
ENSE000035069555393957653939724
ENSE000035421995395407653954310
ENSE000035594715395827053959303
ENSE000036073995394666553946748

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 190 present calls, max score 94.00.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 4.8063 / max 80.8415, expressed in 1185 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (10 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
888561.2764730
888511.2567625
888570.7043480
888540.5107308
888550.4967278
888530.164668
888520.155363
888500.108647
888490.107149
888480.02585

Top tissues by expression

287 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
caudate nucleusUBERON:000187394.00gold quality
nucleus accumbensUBERON:000188293.79gold quality
putamenUBERON:000187493.40gold quality
ventricular zoneUBERON:000305390.98gold quality
amygdalaUBERON:000187689.81gold quality
ganglionic eminenceUBERON:000402388.57gold quality
cingulate cortexUBERON:000302786.72gold quality
anterior cingulate cortexUBERON:000983586.69gold quality
right frontal lobeUBERON:000281086.67gold quality
temporal lobeUBERON:000187186.17gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9UBERON:001354085.99gold quality
telencephalonUBERON:000189385.42gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortexUBERON:000983485.22gold quality
lateral globus pallidusUBERON:000247683.60gold quality
Ammon’s hornUBERON:000195483.07gold quality
neocortexUBERON:000195082.89gold quality
cerebral cortexUBERON:000095682.88gold quality
prefrontal cortexUBERON:000045182.77gold quality
frontal cortexUBERON:000187082.29gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047382.24gold quality
middle temporal gyrusUBERON:000277182.13gold quality
forebrainUBERON:000189081.61gold quality
entorhinal cortexUBERON:000272881.30gold quality
primary visual cortexUBERON:000243680.71gold quality
brainUBERON:000095579.87gold quality
central nervous systemUBERON:000101779.61gold quality
stromal cell of endometriumCL:000225579.12gold quality
superior frontal gyrusUBERON:000266178.58gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellumUBERON:001489077.94gold quality
postcentral gyrusUBERON:000258176.81gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-HCAD-13yes8.45
E-ANND-3no4.38

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): RELA, TP63

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

44 targeting RGS20, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4795-3P100.0074.624024
HSA-MIR-1277-5P100.0073.955056
HSA-MIR-186-5P99.9970.833707
HSA-MIR-548AW99.9972.573559
HSA-MIR-3065-5P99.9771.563281
HSA-MIR-1468-3P99.9672.743797
HSA-MIR-218-5P99.9372.222103
HSA-MIR-130599.9171.433443
HSA-MIR-627-3P99.9071.423316
HSA-MIR-63699.8069.581500
HSA-MIR-204-5P99.7971.622439
HSA-MIR-211-5P99.7971.652440
HSA-MIR-4694-3P99.7969.532640
HSA-MIR-548AJ-5P99.7871.123085
HSA-MIR-548F-5P99.7871.023093
HSA-MIR-548G-5P99.7871.123085
HSA-MIR-548X-5P99.7871.123085
HSA-MIR-2681-5P99.7567.641655
HSA-MIR-453099.6966.471509
HSA-MIR-10393-5P99.6568.011368
HSA-MIR-7159-5P99.5372.122472
HSA-MIR-766-3P99.4765.241811
HSA-MIR-365A-3P99.4370.02836
HSA-MIR-365B-3P99.4370.02836
HSA-MIR-4762-3P99.4369.722363
HSA-MIR-4666A-5P99.4169.721887
HSA-MIR-508-5P99.4164.251248
HSA-MIR-569799.3967.741249
HSA-MIR-464199.2866.64744
HSA-MIR-429399.2265.461263

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 8)

  • provide new evidence that RGSZ1 interacts not only with Galpha(z,) but also with Galpha(i), as supported by in vitro binding assays and functional studies (PMID:12379657)
  • 1H, 13C and 15N resonance assignments of human RGSZ1. (PMID:14872136)
  • The major function of PKCI-1 is to modulate mu opioid receptor signaling pathway along with RGSZ1, rather than directly mediating the Galphaz RGSZ1 interaction. (PMID:17126529)
  • These results suggest that the expression of RGS20 may promote metastasis of tumor cells. (PMID:27495875)
  • Findings suggest that high regulator of G protein signaling 20 (RGS20) expression is associated with unfavorable survival in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). (PMID:28237701)
  • Data suggest that Gpr176 (G-protein coupled receptor 176) is an SCN-(suprachiasmatic nucleus-)enriched orphan GPCR (G-protein-coupled receptor) that sets the pace of circadian behavior; a unique cAMP-repressing G-protein subclass Gz is required for the activity of Gpr176. [REVIEW] (PMID:28502923)
  • NEAT1 silencing also inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Collectively, we revealed that the NEAT1/miR365/RGS20 axis may be a novel mechanism or therapeutic strategy for OSCC treatment. (PMID:29484420)
  • RGS20 acted as an oncogene in bladder cancer. (PMID:31212130)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriorgs20ENSDARG00000038859
mus_musculusRgs20ENSMUSG00000002459
rattus_norvegicusRgs20ENSRNOG00000008100

Paralogs (23): RGS11 (ENSG00000076344), RGS1 (ENSG00000090104), RGS17 (ENSG00000091844), AXIN1 (ENSG00000103126), RGS9 (ENSG00000108370), RGS2 (ENSG00000116741), RGS4 (ENSG00000117152), RGSL1 (ENSG00000121446), RGS13 (ENSG00000127074), RGS22 (ENSG00000132554), RGS8 (ENSG00000135824), RGS3 (ENSG00000138835), RGS5 (ENSG00000143248), RGS16 (ENSG00000143333), RGS10 (ENSG00000148908), RGS18 (ENSG00000150681), RGS12 (ENSG00000159788), AXIN2 (ENSG00000168646), RGS14 (ENSG00000169220), RGS19 (ENSG00000171700), RGS6 (ENSG00000182732), RGS7 (ENSG00000182901), RGS21 (ENSG00000253148)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Regulator of G-protein signaling 20O76081 (reviewed: O76081)

Alternative names: Gz-selective GTPase-activating protein, Regulator of G-protein signaling Z1, Regulator of Gz-selective protein signaling 1

All UniProt accessions (5): O76081, B3KSW4, E5RGA3, E5RH54, H9NIM5

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Binds selectively to G(z)-alpha and G(alpha)-i2 subunits, accelerates their GTPase activity and regulates their signaling activities. The G(z)-alpha activity is inhibited by the phosphorylation and palmitoylation of the G-protein. Negatively regulates mu-opioid receptor-mediated activation of the G-proteins.

Subunit / interactions. Forms a complex with G(alpha)z/i2 subunits and mu-opioid receptors; the formation of this complex results in mu-opioid receptor desensitization. Interacts with OPRM1.

Subcellular location. Membrane. Nucleus. Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity. Isoform 5 is expressed in brain at high levels in the caudate nucleus and temporal lobe.

Post-translational modifications. Fatty acylated. Heavily palmitoylated in the cysteine string motif. N- and O-glycosylated in synapsomal membranes. Serine phosphorylated in synapsomal membranes. Sumoylated with SUMO1 and SUMO2 in synaptosomes. The sumoylated forms act as a scaffold for sequestering mu-opioid receptor-activated G(alpha) subunits.

Isoforms (6)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
O76081-16yes
O76081-21
O76081-32
O76081-43
O76081-54
O76081-65

RefSeq proteins (5): NP_001273602, NP_001273603, NP_001273604, NP_003693, NP_733466 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR016137RGSDomain
IPR036305RGS_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR044926RGS_subdomain_2Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00615

UniProt features (11 total): splice variant 7, chain 1, domain 1, region of interest 1, compositionally biased region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-O76081-F162.780.36

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-418594G alpha (i) signalling events
R-HSA-418597G alpha (z) signalling events

MSigDB gene sets: 144 (showing top): BENPORATH_ES_WITH_H3K27ME3, REACTOME_G_ALPHA_Z_SIGNALLING_EVENTS, STARK_PREFRONTAL_CORTEX_22Q11_DELETION_DN, GOCC_TRANS_GOLGI_NETWORK, ONKEN_UVEAL_MELANOMA_UP, MILI_PSEUDOPODIA_HAPTOTAXIS_UP, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_14HR_DN, MODULE_99, DACOSTA_UV_RESPONSE_VIA_ERCC3_COMMON_DN, CHARAFE_BREAST_CANCER_LUMINAL_VS_BASAL_DN, SPIELMAN_LYMPHOBLAST_EUROPEAN_VS_ASIAN_UP, MILI_PSEUDOPODIA_CHEMOTAXIS_UP, RICKMAN_HEAD_AND_NECK_CANCER_C, chr8q11, GOCC_CYTOPLASMIC_SIDE_OF_MEMBRANE

GO Biological Process (3): G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186), regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0008277), negative regulation of signal transduction (GO:0009968)

GO Molecular Function (3): GTPase activity (GO:0003924), GTPase activator activity (GO:0005096), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (5): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), trans-Golgi network (GO:0005802), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

CategoryPathways
GPCR downstream signalling2

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
signal transduction2
regulation of signal transduction2
cellular anatomical structure2
G protein-coupled receptor activity1
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway1
negative regulation of cell communication1
negative regulation of signaling1
negative regulation of response to stimulus1
ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity1
GTPase activity1
enzyme activator activity1
GTPase regulator activity1
binding1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
intracellular anatomical structure1
Golgi apparatus subcompartment1
membrane1
cell periphery1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1430 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
RGS20GNB5O14775878
RGS20SUCLG2Q96I99853
RGS20GNAQP50148789
RGS20ARHGEF1Q92888788
RGS20ARHGEF11O15085785
RGS20RGSL1A5PLK6771
RGS20GRK2P25098769
RGS20HINT1P49773751
RGS20RGS7BPQ6MZT1725
RGS20SUCLG1P53597721
RGS20GNAZP19086710
RGS20GNA13Q14344707
RGS20MCF2P10911706
RGS20PLEKP08567688
RGS20AKAP10O43572662

IntAct

102 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
GLRX3RGS20psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.810
RGS20GLRX3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.810
RGS20GLRX3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.810
IFT43TULP3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.790
RGS20OTX1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.740
LCE1BRGS20psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.740
OTX1RGS20psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.740
RGS20LCE1Bpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.740
RGS20HOXA1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.670
CATSPER1RGS20psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.670
RGS20CATSPER1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.670
HOXA1RGS20psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.670
HRGPLSCR1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.590
RGS20MTNR1Apsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.580
RGS20MTNR1Apsi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.580
RGS20MTNR1Apsi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.580
MTNR1ARGS20psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.580

BioGRID (172): RGS20 (Two-hybrid), RGS20 (Two-hybrid), RGS20 (Two-hybrid), RGS20 (Two-hybrid), RGS20 (Two-hybrid), RGS20 (Two-hybrid), RGS20 (Two-hybrid), RGS20 (Two-hybrid), RGS20 (Two-hybrid), CREB5 (Two-hybrid), GLRX3 (Two-hybrid), MAPKBP1 (Two-hybrid), PVRL3 (Two-hybrid), CRCT1 (Two-hybrid), KRTAP4-2 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A087WVF3, A0A087WXS9, A0A087X179, A0A087X1G2, A6NDS4, A6NER0, A6QPT6, B9A6J9, M3WHG5, O14771, O15482, O15553, O19110, O76081, P0C7X1, P0C7X3, P0C7X4, P35125, P48778, P48967, P79209, Q13670, Q15697, Q2TBC4, Q3T191, Q3UZD7, Q4R2Z8, Q5DRQ5, Q5SSQ6, Q5XFX8, Q69ZB3, Q6DHY5, Q6IPX1, Q6ZMN8, Q8BLR5, Q8BWA8, Q8IYF1, Q8IZP1, Q8JZW5, Q8N7G0

Diamond homologs: A1A643, F1S668, O08773, O08774, O08849, O08850, O08899, O14921, O14924, O15169, O15492, O15539, O35625, O42400, O43566, O43665, O46469, O46470, O46471, O54828, O54829, O70239, O70240, O70521, O75916, O76081, O88566, O94810, P34295, P41220, P49758, P49795, P49796, P49797, P49798, P49799, P49800, P49802, P49803, P49804

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 43 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
Keratinization610.1×4e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

77 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance63
Likely benign4
Benign2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1735 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
8:53954062:T:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
8:53954063:G:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
8:53954070:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
8:53954070:AC:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
8:53954071:C:CAacceptor_gain1.0000
8:53954071:C:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
8:53954074:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
8:53954075:G:GAacceptor_gain1.0000
8:53954075:GCCCT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
8:53954233:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
8:53954307:GGAG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
8:53954308:GAGG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
8:53954311:GTAT:Gdonor_loss1.0000
8:53954312:T:Gdonor_loss1.0000
8:53852061:CAAG:Cdonor_loss0.9900
8:53852064:GGTAA:Gdonor_loss0.9900
8:53852065:GTA:Gdonor_loss0.9900
8:53852066:T:Adonor_loss0.9900
8:53898856:A:Tdonor_gain0.9900
8:53939575:GCA:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
8:53939722:GTG:Gdonor_gain0.9900
8:53946663:A:AGacceptor_gain0.9900
8:53946664:G:GGacceptor_gain0.9900
8:53954075:GC:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
8:53954075:GCC:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
8:53954075:GCCC:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
8:53958265:GACA:Gacceptor_loss0.9900
8:53958266:ACAG:Aacceptor_loss0.9900
8:53958267:CA:Cacceptor_loss0.9900
8:53958268:AGGTG:Aacceptor_loss0.9900

AlphaMissense

1593 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
8:53954167:T:CF279L0.999
8:53954169:C:AF279L0.999
8:53954169:C:GF279L0.999
8:53954171:T:CL280P0.999
8:53954182:T:CF284L0.999
8:53954184:C:AF284L0.999
8:53954184:C:GF284L0.999
8:53954204:T:CF291S0.999
8:53954225:T:CL298P0.999
8:53958273:A:CS328R0.999
8:53958275:C:AS328R0.999
8:53958275:C:GS328R0.999
8:53958367:T:CL359P0.999
8:53958370:T:CM360T0.999
8:53958379:A:CD363A0.999
8:53958379:A:GD363G0.999
8:53958379:A:TD363V0.999
8:53958384:T:GY365D0.999
8:53954107:T:AW259R0.998
8:53954107:T:CW259R0.998
8:53954159:T:CF276S0.998
8:53954168:T:CF279S0.998
8:53954185:A:CS285R0.998
8:53954187:T:AS285R0.998
8:53954187:T:GS285R0.998
8:53954196:T:AN288K0.998
8:53954196:T:GN288K0.998
8:53954203:T:CF291L0.998
8:53954205:C:AF291L0.998
8:53954205:C:GF291L0.998

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000000556 (8:53873016 G>A), RS1000003414 (8:53915883 A>G), RS1000006365 (8:53853341 A>G), RS1000017943 (8:53895792 C>T), RS1000059388 (8:53921933 T>C), RS1000189413 (8:53931991 A>T), RS1000214834 (8:53897759 T>A), RS1000273034 (8:53879049 C>T), RS1000360466 (8:53928158 A>G), RS1000362856 (8:53928575 A>G), RS1000429118 (8:53877318 G>A,C), RS1000452123 (8:53934531 A>G), RS1000476541 (8:53928524 TAAA>T), RS1000494352 (8:53896088 C>T), RS1000545855 (8:53896357 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:607193 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

4 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST003255_6Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio6.000000e-07
GCST005557_7Serum uric acid levels9.000000e-06
GCST005714_4Cerebrospinal fluid beta-site APP cleaving enzyme levels8.000000e-06
GCST010249_3Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease4.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0007778urinary albumin to creatinine ratio
EFO:0004761uric acid measurement
EFO:0009179beta-secretase 1 measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: other protein — RZ family

CTD chemical–gene interactions

56 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation, increases expression6
Aflatoxin B1increases expression, affects expression4
Cadmiumincreases expression, decreases reaction, increases abundance, increases palmitoylation3
Particulate Matterincreases abundance, increases expression, affects cotreatment3
arseniteincreases methylation, affects binding, increases reaction2
entinostatdecreases expression, affects cotreatment2
Phenylmercuric Acetateaffects cotreatment, increases expression2
Silicon Dioxideincreases expression2
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxinincreases expression2
Tobacco Smoke Pollutionincreases expression2
Tretinoindecreases expression2
Valproic Aciddecreases expression, decreases methylation2
Cyclosporineincreases expression2
Cadmium Chloridedecreases reaction, increases abundance, increases palmitoylation, increases expression2
bisphenol Adecreases methylation1
sodium arseniteincreases expression1
2-bromopalmitatedecreases reaction, increases abundance, increases palmitoylation1
cupric chlorideincreases expression1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteineaffects response to substance, increases expression1
isobutyl alcoholaffects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression1
2,2’,4,4’,5-brominated diphenyl etherincreases expression1
beta-hydroxy simvastatin aciddecreases expression1
abrineincreases expression1
dorsomorphinaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression1
(+)-JQ1 compounddecreases expression1
PCI 5002affects cotreatment, increases expression1
Resveratrolaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Temozolomidedecreases expression1
Decitabineaffects expression1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

  • Disease cohort memberships (association, not causation — diseases whose associated-gene cohort lists this gene; a subset are also under Associated diseases): chronic obstructive pulmonary disease