RLN1

Summary

RLN1 (relaxin 1, HGNC:10026) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 9p24.1, encoding Prorelaxin H1 (P04808). Relaxin is an ovarian hormone that acts with estrogen to produce dilatation of the birth canal in many mammals.

Relaxins are known endocrine and autocrine/paracrine hormones, belonging to the insulin gene superfamily. In humans there are three non-allelic relaxin genes, RLN1, RLN2 and RLN3, where RLN1 and RLN2 share high sequence homology. The protein encoded by this gene is synthesized as a single-chain polypeptide but the active form consists of an A chain and a B chain linked by disulfide bonds. Relaxin is produced by the ovary, and targets the mammalian reproductive system to ripen the cervix, elongate the pubic symphysis and inhibit uterine contraction. It may have additional roles in enhancing sperm motility, regulating blood pressure, controlling heart rate and releasing oxytocin and vasopressin.

Source: NCBI Gene 6013 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 53 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_006911

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:10026
Approved symbol	RLN1
Name	relaxin 1
Location	9p24.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	H1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000107018
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	179730
Entrez	6013

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 2 — 1 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000223862, ENST00000487557

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_006911 NM_006911

CCDS: CCDS6462

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000223862 — 2 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001368648	5339536	5339876
ENSE00003613370	5334930	5335597

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 132 present calls, max score 88.12.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.0099 / max 3.5370, expressed in 2 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
99816	0.0099	2

Top tissues by expression

273 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	88.12	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	86.20	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	84.62	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	79.76	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	68.34	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	62.24	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	60.13	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	56.91	silver quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	56.51	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	55.29	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	54.85	gold quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	54.26	silver quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	53.68	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	53.08	silver quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	52.70	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	51.28	silver quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	51.14	silver quality
caecum	UBERON:0001153	51.05	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	50.42	gold quality
frontal pole	UBERON:0002795	50.41	gold quality
middle frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002702	50.30	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	50.22	gold quality
paraflocculus	UBERON:0005351	50.18	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10	UBERON:0013541	50.18	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	49.92	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	49.66	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	49.45	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	49.43	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	49.30	gold quality
blood vessel layer	UBERON:0004797	49.29	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	1.21

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): NR3C1, PGR

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

31 targeting RLN1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3924	100.00	72.09	2394
HSA-MIR-8485	100.00	77.57	4731
HSA-MIR-485-3P	99.98	70.68	1585
HSA-MIR-539-3P	99.98	70.74	1616
HSA-MIR-520D-5P	99.98	73.34	4883
HSA-MIR-524-5P	99.98	73.43	4882
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-590-3P	99.96	74.34	6478
HSA-MIR-329-3P	99.91	66.56	1234
HSA-MIR-362-3P	99.91	66.38	1267
HSA-MIR-3941	99.86	70.54	2735
HSA-MIR-576-5P	99.84	70.46	2582
HSA-MIR-7157-5P	99.66	69.33	1829
HSA-MIR-452-5P	99.65	69.63	1762
HSA-MIR-4676-3P	99.65	69.31	1733
HSA-MIR-892C-3P	99.65	69.38	1745
HSA-MIR-4310	99.59	68.84	2527
HSA-MIR-4276	99.56	67.66	2514
HSA-MIR-154-3P	99.50	70.05	831
HSA-MIR-487A-3P	99.50	69.95	840
HSA-MIR-329-5P	99.27	68.11	1597
HSA-MIR-4291	99.20	68.88	2969
HSA-MIR-3688-5P	99.12	69.67	1091
HSA-MIR-4796-3P	99.08	68.38	1681
HSA-MIR-4711-5P	98.89	68.00	965
HSA-MIR-603	98.58	68.28	1603
HSA-MIR-6818-5P	97.50	67.10	1167
HSA-MIR-4727-3P	96.75	64.97	415
HSA-MIR-10525-3P	96.32	68.04	699
HSA-MIR-576-3P	96.14	65.63	773

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 39)

• demonstrated that prorelaxin has the ability to facilitate cell migration processes exclusive of its ability to stimulate cell proliferation (PMID:12865351)
• Data describe the conformation of the relaxin-binding site of the leucine-rich G-protein-coupled receptor 7. (PMID:15695505)
• results suggest that relaxin may contribute to follicle development through the mechanism of angiogenesis in the ovary (PMID:15956699)
• rhRLX increases cardiac output and reduces arterial load irrespective of gender (PMID:15956701)
• In naturally occurring cycles, increased serum relaxin is associated with augmented renal hemodynamics (PMID:15956702)
• roles of the relaxin system in three potential causes of preterm birth are discussed (PMID:15956731)
• human relaxin may accelerate the early stages of orthodontic tooth movement in rats (PMID:15956736)
• relaxin-like hormones appear to be present early during C-cell hyperplasia and potentially functional relaxin/INSL3 ligand-receptor systems are present in human medullary thyroid carcinoma tissues and cell lines (PMID:15956746)
• rhRLX increases cardiac output and reduces arterial load in hypertensive rats without reducing blood pressure. Time of response is dependent on model of hypertension. Rats with angiotensin II hypertension responded more rapidly to rhRLX than SHR. (PMID:16172427)
• Relaxin stimulates leukocyte adhesion and migration through a relaxin receptor LGR7-dependent mechanism (PMID:16303766)
• Relaxin signaling plays a role in prostate cancer progression. (PMID:17363522)
• Relaxin signalling in THP-1 cells uses a novel phosphotyrosine-dependent pathway. (PMID:17509748)
• Relaxin 1 is a candidate gene controlling lung function development in mice. (PMID:17804602)
• Relaxin was positively related to insulin sensitivity and negatively to beta-cell function. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the correlation between relaxin and HOMA2 remained significant after adjustment for age, BMI. (PMID:18035445)
• long-term exposure to relaxin confers growth inhibitory and anti-invasive properties in oestrogen-independent tumours in vivo, which may in part be mediated through a down-regulation of S100A4 (PMID:18718015)
• RXFP1-inactive relaxin activates human glucocorticoid receptor. (PMID:19101597)
• The hydrogen-bond network and electrostatic interactions between charged groups in INSL5 by NMR-monitored temperature and pH titrations was characterized. (PMID:19178384)
• The antitumor effect of Rlx was mediated through degradation of tumor stroma, which provided increased access of infiltrating antitumor immune cells to their target tumor cells. (PMID:19329780)
• decidual RLN expression is independent of lipopolysaccharide but may induce a local sterile inflammatory process which potentially contributes to extracellular matrix degradation and weakening of the fetal membranes (PMID:19467703)
• There were no correlation between relaxin concentrations and the cervical length, indicating that relaxin is probably not the cause of preterm shortening of the cervix (PMID:19481729)
• Women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss demonstrate attenuated levels of serum relaxin across all pregnancy trimesters. (PMID:19695764)
• Relaxin is a potent stimulator of osteoclastogenesis from hematopoietic precursors and regulates the activity of mature osteoclasts. (PMID:19833242)
• In conclusion, we have identified S100A4 as a major mediator of the actions of relaxin in thyroid carcinoma cell motility and in vivo thyroid tumor angiogenesis. (PMID:20332215)
• Endometrial expression of relaxin and its receptor in endometriosis. (PMID:20655530)
• heterozygous loss at the RLN1 locus is not a genetic factor mediating high population-wide risk for testicular germ cell tumour, but do not exclude a contribution of this aberration in some cases of cancer (PMID:21696394)
• [review] This study not only clarifies the role of relaxin in sperm, but could also open avenues of research into its use in fertility treatment. (PMID:22180889)
• relaxin may promote the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by regulating the expression of MMP-9 and facilitating ECM degradation. (PMID:23661525)
• Notch signaling can down-regulate TGF-beta1/Smad3-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transition and that RLX could exert its well known anti-fibrotic action through the up-regulation of this pathway. (PMID:23704950)
• Recombinant human relaxin (RLX) may provide a novel therapy to manage atrial fibrillation in humans by reversing fibrosis and hypertrophy and by modulating cardiac ionic currents. (PMID:23748429)
• Relaxin actions in pregnancy include increasing cervical pro-MMP-1 and pro-MMP-3 and decreasing TIMP-1, changes which soften the cervix. (PMID:24640561)
• For the first time, we bring together the systemic (ovarian) and autocrine/paracrine (intrauterine) sources of RLN, in an attempt to understand how RLN contributes to premature birth in women. (PMID:24640563)
• Rln enhanced synergistically BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. (PMID:24643989)
• Although serum relaxin level is not a causative factor for benign hypermobility syndrome, the significant increases in patients with hyperkyphosis and pes planus suggest the hypothesis that relaxin has a limited and indefinite role in patients with BJHS. (PMID:25322737)
• Serum concentrations of relaxin showed a positive association to duration of gestation among women with miscarriage but no association to duration of gestation among women with spontaneous onset of labour. (PMID:26272327)
• a novel fusion transcript comprising the RLN1 and RLN2 genes, was identified. (PMID:26499396)
• In a population of acute HF patients, admission relaxin serum levels were associated with clinical and echocardiographic markers of pulmonary hypertension, RV dysfunction, and overload, suggesting a role for circulating relaxin as a biomarker in this setting. (PMID:27488261)
• down-regulated in cord blood by prenatal smoking (PMID:28130959)
• The digestive tract has been shown to express relaxin receptors; the hormone appears to exert site-specific effects acting at the neural or at the smooth muscle level, mainly by a nitric oxide-mediated mechanism. (Review) (PMID:28606038)
• Results indicate that serum relaxin may be a clinically useful indicator for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. (PMID:29060928)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Rln1	ENSMUSG00000039097
rattus_norvegicus	Rln1	ENSRNOG00000060867

Paralogs (3): RLN2 (ENSG00000107014), INSL6 (ENSG00000120210), INSL4 (ENSG00000120211)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Prorelaxin H1 — P04808 (reviewed: P04808)

All UniProt accessions (1): P04808

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Relaxin is an ovarian hormone that acts with estrogen to produce dilatation of the birth canal in many mammals. May be involved in remodeling of connective tissues during pregnancy, promoting growth of pubic ligaments and ripening of the cervix.

Subunit / interactions. Heterodimer of a B chain and an A chain linked by two disulfide bonds.

Subcellular location. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Prostate. Not expressed in placenta, decidua or ovary.

Similarity. Belongs to the insulin family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P04808-1	1	yes
P04808-2	2

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_008842* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR016179	Insulin-like	Domain
IPR022352	Ins/IGF/rlx	Family
IPR022353	Insulin_CS	Conserved_site
IPR022421	Relaxin	Family
IPR036438	Insulin-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR051042	Repro_Hormone_Insulin-like	Family

Pfam: PF00049

UniProt features (10 total): disulfide bond 3, peptide 2, splice variant 2, signal peptide 1, propeptide 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P04808-F1	61.56	0.22

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (3): 35–172, 47–185, 171–176

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-3371453	Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response
R-HSA-3371511	HSF1 activation
R-HSA-3371568	Attenuation phase
R-HSA-3371571	HSF1-dependent transactivation

MSigDB gene sets: 80 (showing top): CCAWYNNGAAR_UNKNOWN, GGGTGGRR_PAX4_03, CHANDRAN_METASTASIS_DN, BLALOCK_ALZHEIMERS_DISEASE_UP, GOBP_MULTI_MULTICELLULAR_ORGANISM_PROCESS, GOMF_SIGNALING_RECEPTOR_BINDING, DANG_BOUND_BY_MYC, BENPORATH_MYC_MAX_TARGETS, GOMF_HORMONE_ACTIVITY, GOMF_SIGNALING_RECEPTOR_REGULATOR_ACTIVITY, NFY_Q6_01, MANALO_HYPOXIA_UP, REACTOME_REGULATION_OF_HSF1_MEDIATED_HEAT_SHOCK_RESPONSE, REACTOME_HSF1_ACTIVATION, REACTOME_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_HEAT_STRESS

GO Biological Process (2): signal transduction (GO:0007165), female pregnancy (GO:0007565)

GO Molecular Function (2): hormone activity (GO:0005179), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (1): extracellular region (GO:0005576)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Cellular response to heat stress	3
HSF1-dependent transactivation	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
multi-organism reproductive process	1
multi-multicellular organism process	1
receptor ligand activity	1
binding	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

354 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
RLN1	RXFP1	Q9HBX9	990
RLN1	INSL3	P51460	948
RLN1	RXFP2	Q8WXD0	945
RLN1	INSL5	Q9Y5Q6	944
RLN1	RLN3	Q8WXF3	939
RLN1	INSL4	Q14641	925
RLN1	RXFP3	Q9NSD7	882
RLN1	RXFP4	Q8TDU9	821
RLN1	INS	P01308	781
RLN1	LGR6	Q9HBX8	727
RLN1	RLF	Q13129	546
RLN1	TEX53	A0A1B0GU33	541
RLN1	MBL2	P11226	497
RLN1	TAC4	Q86UU9	495
RLN1	X6REF7	X6REF7	490

IntAct

9 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
GOLGA6L9	RLN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
RLN1	MID2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
RLN1	RTL8C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RLN1	MANBA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RLN1	GOLGA6L9	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
RLN1	MID2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (91): RLN1 (Two-hybrid), GOLGA6L9 (Two-hybrid), CLN5 (Affinity Capture-MS), NLN (Affinity Capture-MS), TRAPPC1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TRIM32 (Affinity Capture-MS), ITGA4 (Affinity Capture-MS), VWDE (Affinity Capture-MS), GALNT18 (Affinity Capture-MS), LARGE (Affinity Capture-MS), SEMA6A (Affinity Capture-MS), NLGN2 (Affinity Capture-MS), TUBB3 (Affinity Capture-MS), LEPREL2 (Affinity Capture-MS), EDEM1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A5A6J6, O35417, P01172, P01213, P01214, P01347, P01348, P04090, P04808, P05408, P06300, P09681, P12961, P13207, P17640, P19884, P20800, P22389, P22969, P23943, P27682, P33745, P45644, P47932, P48143, P51453, P51454, P51455, P51456, P56943, P69155, P69156, P69157, Q14641, Q1RMJ9, Q32L79, Q5CZK5, Q5CZK6, Q60478, Q64171

Diamond homologs: P01347, P01348, P04090, P04808, P19884, P22969, P47932, P51453, P51454, P51455, P51456, Q64171, Q9MYK8, Q9TRM8, P11184, P11185, Q14641, Q5CZK6, Q7M3C4, Q9Y581, P01349, P11953

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

53 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	42
Likely benign	5
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

287 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
9:5339568:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9900
9:5335595:TTT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9800
9:5335596:TT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9800
9:5335598:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9800
9:5336707:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9800
9:5339260:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9800
9:5339261:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9800
9:5339298:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9800
9:5339530:TCTCA:T	donor_loss	0.9800
9:5339531:CTCAC:C	donor_loss	0.9800
9:5339532:TCA:T	donor_loss	0.9800
9:5339533:CA:C	donor_loss	0.9800
9:5335593:AATTT:A	acceptor_gain	0.9700
9:5335595:TTTC:T	acceptor_loss	0.9700
9:5335597:TCTGT:T	acceptor_loss	0.9700
9:5335598:C:A	acceptor_loss	0.9700
9:5335599:T:G	acceptor_loss	0.9700
9:5336708:G:C	donor_gain	0.9700
9:5335594:ATTT:A	acceptor_gain	0.9600
9:5339156:T:A	donor_gain	0.9600
9:5338658:A:C	donor_gain	0.9500
9:5339255:G:GA	donor_gain	0.9400
9:5339538:G:A	donor_gain	0.9400
9:5335600:G:C	acceptor_loss	0.9300
9:5336707:AGAT:A	donor_gain	0.9200
9:5338688:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9200
9:5338689:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9200
9:5339534:ACCTG:A	donor_gain	0.9200
9:5339535:CCTGC:C	donor_gain	0.9200
9:5339576:CAGAG:C	donor_gain	0.9200

AlphaMissense

1208 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
9:5335282:C:G	C176S	0.929
9:5335283:A:T	C176S	0.929
9:5335254:G:C	C185W	0.919
9:5335286:C:A	G175C	0.917
9:5335283:A:G	C176R	0.911
9:5335297:C:G	C171S	0.910
9:5335298:A:T	C171S	0.910
9:5339607:C:G	C47S	0.899
9:5339608:A:T	C47S	0.899
9:5339607:C:T	C47Y	0.897
9:5335298:A:G	C171R	0.896
9:5335255:C:T	C185Y	0.889
9:5339643:C:G	C35S	0.889
9:5339644:A:T	C35S	0.889
9:5335255:C:G	C185S	0.882
9:5335256:A:T	C185S	0.882
9:5335294:C:G	C172S	0.881
9:5335295:A:T	C172S	0.881
9:5335296:A:C	C171W	0.878
9:5339608:A:G	C47R	0.872
9:5335282:C:T	C176Y	0.870
9:5339643:C:T	C35Y	0.869
9:5335256:A:G	C185R	0.863
9:5339606:G:C	C47W	0.856
9:5339625:C:G	R41P	0.854
9:5335285:C:T	G175D	0.852
9:5335281:A:C	C176W	0.851
9:5339626:G:T	R41S	0.845
9:5339623:C:G	A42P	0.842
9:5335293:G:C	C172W	0.839

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000089856 (9:5335792 T>C), RS1000180247 (9:5339401 G>C,T), RS1000233925 (9:5339734 A>C,G), RS1001365463 (9:5341734 G>A), RS1001903790 (9:5337308 G>C), RS1002530568 (9:5334920 C>G,T), RS1002988042 (9:5340803 T>C), RS1002999166 (9:5341020 G>C), RS1003578595 (9:5336245 G>C), RS1003934280 (9:5336061 C>G,T), RS1004669254 (9:5339772 C>G), RS1004675910 (9:5339964 G>A,T), RS1005278566 (9:5342491 G>A,T), RS1005324053 (9:5336290 A>C,G,T), RS1005376529 (9:5336545 T>A,G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:179730 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

19 total (human), top 19 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
bisphenol A	increases methylation, affects cotreatment	1
testosterone undecanoate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
trichostatin A	decreases expression, increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	decreases methylation, increases expression	1
terbutylazine	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
propazine	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
entinostat	increases expression	1
Fulvestrant	affects cotreatment, increases methylation	1
Vorinostat	increases expression	1
Atrazine	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases methylation	1
Calcitriol	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Estradiol	increases expression, decreases reaction	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	decreases expression	1
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression	1
Simazine	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
Testosterone	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	increases expression, decreases reaction	1
Levonorgestrel	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.