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RND2

gene
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Also known as Rho7RhoN

Summary

RND2 (Rho family GTPase 2, HGNC:18315) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 17q21.31, encoding Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoN (P52198). May be specifically involved in neuronal and hepatic functions.

This gene encodes a member of the Rho GTPase family, whose members play a key role in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization in response to extracellular growth factors. This particular family member has been implicated in the regulation of neuronal morphology and endosomal trafficking. The gene localizes to chromosome 17 and is the centromeric neighbor of the breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1.

Source: NCBI Gene 8153 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 1
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 39 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_005440

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:18315
Approved symbolRND2
NameRho family GTPase 2
Location17q21.31
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesRho7, RhoN
Ensembl geneENSG00000108830
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM601555
Entrez8153

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 4 — 2 retained_intron, 2 protein_coding

ENST00000587117, ENST00000587250, ENST00000710494, ENST00000916371

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_005440 NM_005440

CCDS: CCDS11452

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000587250 — 5 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000007275804302596043026047
ENSE000007275844302718343027292
ENSE000007275894302806143028195
ENSE000028930914302843243032041
ENSE000036633984302523143025449

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 213 present calls, max score 96.53.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 4.4679 / max 159.4089, expressed in 542 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
1610503.9653510
1610520.3574181
1610510.145386

Top tissues by expression

289 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cordUBERON:000646996.53gold quality
medial globus pallidusUBERON:000247796.40gold quality
spinal cordUBERON:000224095.24gold quality
globus pallidusUBERON:000187595.10gold quality
hypothalamusUBERON:000189894.87gold quality
substantia nigraUBERON:000203894.52gold quality
midbrainUBERON:000189194.13gold quality
superior vestibular nucleusUBERON:000722793.32gold quality
nucleus accumbensUBERON:000188292.99gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulataUBERON:000196692.52gold quality
left testisUBERON:000453391.03gold quality
lateral globus pallidusUBERON:000247690.73gold quality
right testisUBERON:000453490.70gold quality
ventral tegmental areaUBERON:000269190.68gold quality
ponsUBERON:000098890.66gold quality
substantia nigra pars compactaUBERON:000196590.25gold quality
medulla oblongataUBERON:000189689.85gold quality
putamenUBERON:000187489.83gold quality
caudate nucleusUBERON:000187389.53gold quality
amygdalaUBERON:000187688.85gold quality
testisUBERON:000047388.69gold quality
spermCL:000001987.20gold quality
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerveUBERON:000287087.00gold quality
inferior vagus X ganglionUBERON:000536386.75gold quality
male germ cellCL:000001586.01gold quality
subthalamic nucleusUBERON:000190685.83gold quality
right frontal lobeUBERON:000281085.19gold quality
inferior olivary complexUBERON:000212785.11gold quality
cingulate cortexUBERON:000302784.82gold quality
anterior cingulate cortexUBERON:000983584.59gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-GEOD-70580no4.93
E-ANND-3no3.53

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): NEUROG2

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

117 targeting RND2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3134100.0066.43777
HSA-MIR-4510100.0066.602050
HSA-MIR-6127100.0066.762188
HSA-MIR-6129100.0066.462080
HSA-MIR-6130100.0066.692012
HSA-MIR-6133100.0066.482064
HSA-MIR-1252-5P100.0069.802774
HSA-MIR-6870-5P99.9968.552115
HSA-MIR-150-5P99.9966.691976
HSA-MIR-453199.9969.703181
HSA-MIR-477599.9875.006394
HSA-MIR-4723-5P99.9768.702034
HSA-MIR-569899.9768.492029
HSA-MIR-7111-5P99.9768.482062
HSA-MIR-6778-3P99.9667.292693
HSA-MIR-4725-3P99.9669.532520
HSA-MIR-3605-5P99.9667.12932
HSA-MIR-426799.9666.532368
HSA-MIR-6780B-5P99.9669.602562
HSA-MIR-1236-3P99.9468.041695
HSA-MIR-430299.8967.941187
HSA-MIR-6783-3P99.8967.922059
HSA-MIR-1343-3P99.8966.781815
HSA-MIR-4671-3P99.8872.461045
HSA-MIR-3140-3P99.8868.472069
HSA-MIR-427199.8868.322244
HSA-MIR-612499.8769.783551
HSA-MIR-449299.8768.253611
HSA-MIR-807399.8665.211118
HSA-MIR-76599.8468.242442

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 5)

  • Socius is a novel Rnd GTPase-interacting protein involved in disassembly of actin stress fibers (PMID:11940653)
  • The RND2 mRNA levels increased significantly after gestation in myometria. (PMID:16311049)
  • Rnd2 regulates neurite outgrowth by functioning as the RhoA activator through Pragmin, in contrast to Rnd1 and Rnd3 inhibiting RhoA signaling (PMID:16481321)
  • Rho7 expression was increased in the neurons of patients with IE compared with control samples, which indicated that Rho7 may be associated with the progression of IE or act as a potential target for IE treatment. (PMID:29039551)
  • RND2 attenuates apoptosis and autophagy in glioblastoma cells by targeting the p38 MAPK signalling pathway. (PMID:32867814)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriornd2ENSDARG00000070735
mus_musculusRnd2ENSMUSG00000001313
rattus_norvegicusRnd2ENSRNOG00000020698
rattus_norvegicusENSRNOG00000065380

Paralogs (22): RHOBTB2 (ENSG00000008853), RHOA (ENSG00000067560), CDC42 (ENSG00000070831), RHOBTB1 (ENSG00000072422), RHOV (ENSG00000104140), RND3 (ENSG00000115963), RHOU (ENSG00000116574), RHOQ (ENSG00000119729), RHOJ (ENSG00000126785), RHOT1 (ENSG00000126858), RAC2 (ENSG00000128340), RAC1 (ENSG00000136238), RHOF (ENSG00000139725), RHOT2 (ENSG00000140983), RHOB (ENSG00000143878), RHOC (ENSG00000155366), RHOBTB3 (ENSG00000164292), RHOH (ENSG00000168421), RAC3 (ENSG00000169750), RND1 (ENSG00000172602), RHOD (ENSG00000173156), RHOG (ENSG00000177105)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoN — P52198 (reviewed: P52198)

Alternative names: Rho family GTPase 2, Rho-related GTP-binding protein Rho7, Rnd2

All UniProt accessions (1): P52198

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May be specifically involved in neuronal and hepatic functions. Is a C3 toxin-insensitive member of the Rho subfamily.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with the Rho-GAP domain of RACGAP1. Interacts with UBXD5. Interacts with PRAG1.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Secretory vesicle. Acrosome membrane.

Tissue specificity. Highly expressed in testis.

Similarity. Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_005431* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR001806Small_GTPaseFamily
IPR003578Small_GTPase_RhoFamily
IPR005225Small_GTP-bdDomain
IPR027417P-loop_NTPaseHomologous_superfamily
IPR041842RhoNFamily

Pfam: PF00071

UniProt features (10 total): binding site 3, chain 1, propeptide 1, region of interest 1, short sequence motif 1, compositionally biased region 1, modified residue 1, lipid moiety-binding region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-P52198-F183.400.74

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (3): 14–21; 61–65; 119–122

Post-translational modifications (2): 224, 224

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

5 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-9696270RND2 GTPase cycle
R-HSA-162582Signal Transduction
R-HSA-194315Signaling by Rho GTPases
R-HSA-9012999RHO GTPase cycle
R-HSA-9716542Signaling by Rho GTPases, Miro GTPases and RHOBTB3

MSigDB gene sets: 169 (showing top): GOBP_REGULATION_OF_COLLATERAL_SPROUTING, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_DEVELOPMENTAL_GROWTH, GOBP_GROWTH, GOBP_NEUROGENESIS, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_16HR_UP, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_NERVOUS_SYSTEM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_NERVOUS_SYSTEM_DEVELOPMENT, SMID_BREAST_CANCER_RELAPSE_IN_LIVER_DN, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_ACTIN_FILAMENT_BASED_PROCESS, MARTORIATI_MDM4_TARGETS_NEUROEPITHELIUM_DN, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_ANATOMICAL_STRUCTURE_SIZE, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_PROJECTION_ORGANIZATION, KIM_RESPONSE_TO_TSA_AND_DECITABINE_UP, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_GROWTH

GO Biological Process (6): actin filament organization (GO:0007015), signal transduction (GO:0007165), small GTPase-mediated signal transduction (GO:0007264), regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization (GO:0032956), collateral sprouting (GO:0048668), positive regulation of collateral sprouting (GO:0048672)

GO Molecular Function (5): GTPase activity (GO:0003924), GTP binding (GO:0005525), protein kinase binding (GO:0019901), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (5): acrosomal membrane (GO:0002080), cytosol (GO:0005829), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020), cytoplasmic vesicle (GO:0031410)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-4 pathways:

CategoryPathways
RHO GTPase cycle1
Signaling by Rho GTPases, Miro GTPases and RHOBTB31
Signaling by Rho GTPases1
Signal Transduction1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
actin cytoskeleton organization2
cytoplasm2
cellular anatomical structure2
supramolecular fiber organization1
cell communication1
cellular process1
signaling1
regulation of cellular process1
cellular response to stimulus1
intracellular signaling cassette1
regulation of actin filament-based process1
regulation of cytoskeleton organization1
axonogenesis1
developmental cell growth1
developmental growth involved in morphogenesis1
positive regulation of cell growth1
positive regulation of developmental growth1
collateral sprouting1
regulation of collateral sprouting1
positive regulation of axonogenesis1
ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity1
guanyl ribonucleotide binding1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding1
kinase binding1
nucleoside phosphate binding1
heterocyclic compound binding1
binding1
acrosomal vesicle1
secretory granule membrane1
membrane1
cell periphery1
intracellular vesicle1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2394 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
RND2PLXNB1O43157853
RND2ARHGAP35Q9NRY4810
RND2NEUROG2Q9H2A3795
RND2TNFAIP1Q13829752
RND2KCTD13Q8WZ19720
RND2IFI35P80217716
RND2NBR1Q14596695
RND2PRAG1Q86YV5636
RND2PLXNB2O15031620
RND2ARF3P16587594
RND2ROCK1Q13464590
RND2RAP2BP17964587
RND2NEUROG1Q92886548
RND2RRASP10301526
RND2RHOBTB3O94955479

IntAct

11 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
RND2USP47psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.590
RND2PLXNB1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.560
RND2PLXNB2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.560
Fnbp1RND2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.520
SLC25A25HAX1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (444): RND2 (Two-hybrid), USP47 (Affinity Capture-MS), RND2 (Two-hybrid), ARHGAP5 (Affinity Capture-Western), ARHGAP5 (Reconstituted Complex), RND2 (Reconstituted Complex), RND2 (Affinity Capture-Western), RND2 (Reconstituted Complex), UBXN11 (Two-hybrid), RND2 (Reconstituted Complex), USP47 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANKRD26 (Affinity Capture-MS), IGF2R (Affinity Capture-MS), CKAP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), DEPDC1B (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2WSI7, A4D1S5, A8HN58, A8XAD0, O00194, O13876, P10949, P25378, P33519, P34443, P35294, P36019, P38543, P38545, P38546, P38547, P38548, P41914, P41916, P41917, P41918, P41919, P41925, P51152, P52198, P54765, P54766, P62823, P62824, P91580, Q18969, Q1HE58, Q23862, Q55CA9, Q55CB7, Q55CC0, Q5M7U5, Q5ZHV1, Q6DHC1, Q76NM7

Diamond homologs: A8HME3, O77683, P52198, P61587, P61588, Q381A3, Q4R4K5, Q567Y6, Q5E9J4, Q5FVJ7, Q5M8K8, Q5R9F4, Q6SA80, Q9DAI2, Q9H7X7, Q9QYM5, A0A286QZ36, C4YDI6, O00212, O42825, O76321, O88931, O96390, P01122, P06780, P08134, P0CY33, P15153, P17081, P19073, P22122, P24406, P34144, P34145, P34146, P34148, P34149, P34150, P40792, P40793

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

39 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance35
Likely benign0
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

651 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
17:43025435:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
17:43025447:GGG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
17:43025448:GGG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
17:43025958:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43025959:G:GGacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43025959:GA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43025959:GAGTT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43027179:TCAGG:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
17:43027180:CAGGT:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
17:43027181:A:ACacceptor_loss1.0000
17:43027276:A:Tdonor_gain1.0000
17:43027289:GAAG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
17:43027290:AAGGT:Adonor_loss1.0000
17:43027291:AGG:Adonor_loss1.0000
17:43027293:G:GAdonor_loss1.0000
17:43027294:T:Gdonor_loss1.0000
17:43028057:ATAGT:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43028058:T:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43028059:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43028060:G:GGacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43025448:GG:Gdonor_gain0.9900
17:43025449:GG:Gdonor_gain0.9900
17:43025450:G:GAdonor_loss0.9900
17:43025450:G:GGdonor_gain0.9900
17:43025451:T:Adonor_loss0.9900
17:43025455:GGACC:Gdonor_gain0.9900
17:43025955:TGCA:Tacceptor_loss0.9900
17:43025957:CAG:Cacceptor_gain0.9900
17:43025957:CAGA:Cacceptor_loss0.9900
17:43025958:A:ACacceptor_loss0.9900

AlphaMissense

1464 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
17:43025387:G:AG14R1.000
17:43025387:G:CG14R1.000
17:43025388:G:AG14E1.000
17:43025978:T:CF41L1.000
17:43025980:T:AF41L1.000
17:43025980:T:GF41L1.000
17:43026035:T:AW60R1.000
17:43026035:T:CW60R1.000
17:43026038:G:CD61H1.000
17:43026039:A:CD61A1.000
17:43026039:A:GD61G1.000
17:43026039:A:TD61V1.000
17:43027246:G:AC85Y1.000
17:43027247:C:GC85W1.000
17:43028061:T:AW101R1.000
17:43028061:T:CW101R1.000
17:43028063:G:CW101C1.000
17:43028063:G:TW101C1.000
17:43028119:A:TK120I1.000
17:43025388:G:TG14V0.999
17:43025402:G:CG19R0.999
17:43025403:G:AG19D0.999
17:43025403:G:TG19V0.999
17:43025405:A:CK20Q0.999
17:43025406:A:TK20M0.999
17:43025407:G:CK20N0.999
17:43025407:G:TK20N0.999
17:43025415:T:CL23P0.999
17:43025418:T:CL24P0.999
17:43025979:T:GF41C0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000135325 (17:43031175 A>T), RS1000165862 (17:43027009 C>T), RS1000213974 (17:43032371 G>T), RS1000709241 (17:43026576 G>A), RS1001004139 (17:43025189 C>G,T), RS1001163066 (17:43031469 T>C), RS1001477657 (17:43029824 A>G), RS1002175148 (17:43029756 G>A), RS1002640160 (17:43031898 G>A), RS1003007133 (17:43026387 C>G,T), RS1003062623 (17:43024731 CG>C), RS1003294085 (17:43023740 T>C), RS1003324077 (17:43031757 T>A), RS1003755960 (17:43023946 T>C), RS1003993934 (17:43030738 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:601555 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST005194_158Coronary artery disease6.000000e-07

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

35 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Acidaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression5
trichostatin Aaffects cotreatment, decreases expression3
Phenylmercuric Acetateaffects cotreatment, decreases expression2
p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acidaffects cotreatment, decreases expression2
aristolochic acid Iincreases expression1
methylmercuric chloridedecreases expression1
bisphenol Aincreases expression1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteineaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
dorsomorphinaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
(+)-JQ1 compounddecreases expression1
Resveratrolaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Decitabineaffects expression1
Sunitinibdecreases expression1
Air Pollutantsdecreases expression, increases abundance1
Aspirinincreases expression1
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation, increases methylation1
Carbamazepineaffects expression1
Cisplatinaffects expression1
Doxorubicindecreases expression1
Estradiolaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Fluorouracilincreases expression1
Folic Aciddecreases expression1
Lipopolysaccharidesaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Mercuryincreases methylation1
Plant Extractsaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Tamoxifendecreases expression1
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxinincreases expression1
Tobacco Smoke Pollutiondecreases expression1
Tretinoindecreases expression1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.

About this page

Generated deterministically by Sugi Atlas from primary biomedical databases via BioBTree. Every record on this page traces to a primary source.

Generated
Atlas version
v1.1.4
BioBTree
v2.0.2

Sources 75

This page pulls from 75 datasets indexed by BioBTree:

alphafoldalphamissenseantibodybgeebgee_evidencebindingdbbiogrid_interactionbrendabrenda_kineticsccdscellosauruschembl_activitychembl_targetciviccivic_evidenceclingen_dosageclingen_gene_validityclinical_trialsclinvarcollectrictd_gene_interactiondbsnpdepmapdiamond_similarityefoensemblentrezesm2_similarityexonfantom5_genefantom5_promotergenccgenerifgogoparentgtopdbgwasgwas_studyhgnchpointactinterprointogenjasparmeshmimmirdbmondomsigdborphanetorthologparalogpdbpfampharmgkb_clinicalpharmgkb_genepharmgkb_guidelinepharmgkb_variantpubchempubchem_activitypubchem_assaypubmedreactomereactomeparentrefseqrhearnacentralscxa_expressionscxa_gene_experimentsignorspliceaistring_interactiontranscriptufeatureuniprot