RNF138
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Also known as STRINNARF
Summary
RNF138 (ring finger protein 138, HGNC:17765) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 18q12.1, encoding E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF138 (Q8WVD3). E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in DNA damage response by promoting DNA resection and homologous recombination.
The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed.
Source: NCBI Gene 51444 — RefSeq curated summary.
At a glance
- GWAS associations: 3
- Clinical variants (ClinVar): 114 total
- MANE Select transcript:
NM_016271
Identifiers
Gene identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| HGNC ID | HGNC:17765 |
| Approved symbol | RNF138 |
| Name | ring finger protein 138 |
| Location | 18q12.1 |
| Locus type | gene with protein product |
| Status | Approved |
| Aliases | STRIN, NARF |
| Ensembl gene | ENSG00000134758 |
| Ensembl biotype | protein_coding |
| OMIM | 616319 |
| Entrez | 51444 |
Gene structure
Transcript identifiers
Ensembl transcripts: 16 — 13 protein_coding, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 retained_intron
ENST00000257190, ENST00000261593, ENST00000577999, ENST00000578107, ENST00000578914, ENST00000580499, ENST00000580519, ENST00000583733, ENST00000585103, ENST00000858584, ENST00000858585, ENST00000858586, ENST00000858587, ENST00000858588, ENST00000911687, ENST00000967832
RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_016271
NM_001191324, NM_016271, NM_198128
CCDS: CCDS11903, CCDS11904
Canonical transcript exons
ENST00000261593 — 8 exons
| Exon | Start | End |
|---|---|---|
| ENSE00000916047 | 32113745 | 32113860 |
| ENSE00000916048 | 32123518 | 32123574 |
| ENSE00000916049 | 32124734 | 32124845 |
| ENSE00000916050 | 32126693 | 32126800 |
| ENSE00001818146 | 32091874 | 32092235 |
| ENSE00001825499 | 32129119 | 32131561 |
| ENSE00003527166 | 32111754 | 32111919 |
| ENSE00003622366 | 32092700 | 32092886 |
Expression profiles
Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 286 present calls, max score 98.06.
FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 36.8911 / max 492.5848, expressed in 1814 samples.
FANTOM5 promoters (6 alternative TSS)
| Promoter ID | TPM avg | Samples expressed |
|---|---|---|
| 169863 | 16.8898 | 1769 |
| 169866 | 8.7706 | 1710 |
| 169864 | 7.5969 | 1561 |
| 169867 | 2.9166 | 1091 |
| 169868 | 0.6102 | 306 |
| 169865 | 0.1071 | 44 |
Top tissues by expression
290 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):
| Tissue | Anatomy ID | Expression score | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|
| primordial germ cell in gonad | CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991 | 98.06 | gold quality |
| secondary oocyte | CL:0000655 | 97.57 | gold quality |
| right testis | UBERON:0004534 | 97.38 | gold quality |
| left testis | UBERON:0004533 | 97.36 | gold quality |
| testis | UBERON:0000473 | 96.47 | gold quality |
| oocyte | CL:0000023 | 96.34 | gold quality |
| bone marrow | UBERON:0002371 | 95.98 | gold quality |
| mucosa of sigmoid colon | UBERON:0004993 | 95.52 | gold quality |
| colonic mucosa | UBERON:0000317 | 95.23 | gold quality |
| bronchial epithelial cell | CL:0002328 | 95.22 | gold quality |
| bone element | UBERON:0001474 | 95.00 | gold quality |
| ventricular zone | UBERON:0003053 | 94.53 | gold quality |
| jejunal mucosa | UBERON:0000399 | 94.39 | gold quality |
| cortical plate | UBERON:0005343 | 94.27 | gold quality |
| bone marrow cell | CL:0002092 | 94.20 | gold quality |
| epithelium of nasopharynx | UBERON:0001951 | 94.20 | gold quality |
| epithelium of bronchus | UBERON:0002031 | 94.07 | gold quality |
| mononuclear cell | CL:0000842 | 94.01 | gold quality |
| monocyte | CL:0000576 | 94.00 | gold quality |
| bronchus | UBERON:0002185 | 93.89 | gold quality |
| leukocyte | CL:0000738 | 93.77 | gold quality |
| embryo | UBERON:0000922 | 93.64 | gold quality |
| ganglionic eminence | UBERON:0004023 | 93.59 | gold quality |
| adult organism | UBERON:0007023 | 93.46 | gold quality |
| trabecular bone tissue | UBERON:0002483 | 93.34 | gold quality |
| germinal epithelium of ovary | UBERON:0001304 | 92.92 | gold quality |
| mucosa of paranasal sinus | UBERON:0005030 | 92.74 | gold quality |
| palpebral conjunctiva | UBERON:0001812 | 92.70 | gold quality |
| choroid plexus epithelium | UBERON:0003911 | 92.36 | gold quality |
| parietal pleura | UBERON:0002400 | 92.29 | gold quality |
Single-cell (SCXA)
Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.
| Experiment | Marker? | Max mean expression |
|---|---|---|
| E-GEOD-134144 | yes | 31.17 |
| E-ANND-3 | yes | 5.79 |
Regulation
Is transcription factor: no
miRNA regulators (miRDB)
203 targeting RNF138, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):
| miRNA | Max score | Avg score | miRNA target_count |
|---|---|---|---|
| HSA-MIR-8485 | 100.00 | 77.57 | 4731 |
| HSA-MIR-5011-5P | 100.00 | 83.46 | 5820 |
| HSA-MIR-3613-3P | 100.00 | 76.36 | 7965 |
| HSA-LET-7A-3P | 100.00 | 74.03 | 3932 |
| HSA-LET-7B-3P | 100.00 | 74.08 | 3913 |
| HSA-LET-7F-1-3P | 100.00 | 74.02 | 3928 |
| HSA-MIR-3924 | 100.00 | 72.09 | 2394 |
| HSA-MIR-98-3P | 100.00 | 74.08 | 3907 |
| HSA-MIR-190A-3P | 100.00 | 80.35 | 5520 |
| HSA-MIR-1277-5P | 100.00 | 73.95 | 5056 |
| HSA-MIR-6867-5P | 100.00 | 82.21 | 3464 |
| HSA-MIR-656-3P | 100.00 | 72.15 | 2788 |
| HSA-MIR-511-3P | 99.99 | 68.85 | 1467 |
| HSA-MIR-186-5P | 99.99 | 70.83 | 3707 |
| HSA-MIR-4282 | 99.99 | 75.36 | 6408 |
| HSA-MIR-3662 | 99.99 | 73.82 | 5684 |
| HSA-MIR-548C-3P | 99.99 | 74.01 | 7587 |
| HSA-MIR-524-5P | 99.98 | 73.43 | 4882 |
| HSA-MIR-520D-5P | 99.98 | 73.34 | 4883 |
| HSA-MIR-4789-5P | 99.98 | 70.76 | 2721 |
| HSA-MIR-12136 | 99.98 | 72.81 | 5713 |
| HSA-MIR-302C-5P | 99.97 | 72.56 | 3642 |
| HSA-MIR-4666A-3P | 99.96 | 71.71 | 3434 |
| HSA-MIR-1250-3P | 99.96 | 70.04 | 4038 |
| HSA-MIR-9-3P | 99.96 | 70.88 | 2068 |
| HSA-MIR-5688 | 99.96 | 73.23 | 4504 |
| HSA-MIR-551B-5P | 99.96 | 71.28 | 3493 |
| HSA-MIR-495-3P | 99.96 | 72.81 | 4197 |
| HSA-MIR-548AA | 99.96 | 70.64 | 3753 |
| HSA-MIR-548AP-3P | 99.96 | 70.64 | 3753 |
Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 17)
- NARF functions as a novel ubiquitin-ligase to regulate ubiquitylation and degradation of T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (PMID:16714285)
- The RNF138 gene is highly expressed in glioma tissue and glioma cell lines and plays an important role in glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle. (PMID:22155992)
- Data show that ubiquitin E3 ligase RNF138 regulates Ku80 antigen ubiquitylation in response to DNA damage. (PMID:26502055)
- Data show that ubiquitin E2 enzymes UBE2D1/2/3 and E3 ligase RNF138 accumulate at DNA-damage sites and act at early resection stages by promoting CtIP protein ubiquitylation and accrual. (PMID:26502057)
- RNF138 is a newly identified regulatory component of the HR mediated DNA repair pathway that has implications toward understanding how ubiquitination modifies the functions of the RAD51 paralog protein complex (PMID:27161866)
- Rad51d mediated by E3 Ligase Rnf138 has a role in the homologous recombination repair pathway (PMID:27195665)
- This study identify RNF138 as the E3 ubiquitin ligase promoting EA2-associated aberrant degradation of human CaV2.1 protein. (PMID:28167673)
- The role of RNF138 in glioblastoma and identify rpS3 as a crucial substrate of ubiquitination by RNF138, which underlies the radioresistance of glioblastoma. (PMID:29371697)
- data suggest that RNF138 modulates the cisplatin resistance in the GC cells, thus serving as a potential drug target to challenge chemotherapy failure. In addition, RNF138 can also be used as a marker to monitor the development of cisplatin resistance in GC treatment. (PMID:30260263)
- Study suggested that RNF138 was important for the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells. Its downregulation inhibited the process of EMT by suppressing Erk signaling pathway in glioma. (PMID:30272353)
- Silencing microRNA29b3p expression protects human trabecular meshwork cells against oxidative injury via upregulation of RNF138 to activate the ERK pathway. (PMID:33907817)
- African Swine Fever Virus pI215L Negatively Regulates cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway through Recruiting RNF138 to Inhibit K63-Linked Ubiquitination of TBK1. (PMID:34759016)
- RING finger 138 deregulation distorts NF-small ka, CyrillicB signaling and facilities colitis switch to aggressive malignancy. (PMID:35697692)
- The Ubiquitin Ligase RNF138 Cooperates with CtIP to Stimulate Resection of Complex DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Human G1-Phase Cells. (PMID:36010636)
- RNF138 inhibits late inflammatory gene transcription through degradation of SMARCC1 of the SWI/SNF complex. (PMID:36800290)
- The role of RNF138 in DNA end resection is regulated by ubiquitylation and CDK phosphorylation. (PMID:38309501)
- Ring finger protein 138 inhibits transcription factor C/EBPalpha protein turnover leading to differentiation arrest in acute myeloid leukemia. (PMID:38666590)
Cross-species orthologs
2 orthologs
| Organism | Symbol | Gene ID |
|---|---|---|
| mus_musculus | Rnf138 | ENSMUSG00000024317 |
| rattus_norvegicus | AABR07031480.1 | ENSRNOG00000015645 |
Paralogs (4): RNF125 (ENSG00000101695), RNF114 (ENSG00000124226), RNF166 (ENSG00000158717), RNF180 (ENSG00000164197)
Protein
Protein identifiers
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF138 — Q8WVD3 (reviewed: Q8WVD3)
Alternative names: Nemo-like kinase-associated RING finger protein, RING finger protein 138, RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase RNF138
All UniProt accessions (6): A0A140VJT9, Q8WVD3, J3KRU4, J3KSI2, J3QKM8, J3QLQ3
UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →
Function. E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in DNA damage response by promoting DNA resection and homologous recombination. Recruited to sites of double-strand breaks following DNA damage and specifically promotes double-strand break repair via homologous recombination. Two different, non-exclusive, mechanisms have been proposed. According to a report, regulates the choice of double-strand break repair by favoring homologous recombination over non-homologous end joining (NHEJ): acts by mediating ubiquitination of XRCC5/Ku80, leading to remove the Ku complex from DNA breaks, thereby promoting homologous recombination. According to another report, cooperates with UBE2Ds E2 ubiquitin ligases (UBE2D1, UBE2D2, UBE2D3 or UBE2D4) to promote homologous recombination by mediating ubiquitination of RBBP8/CtIP. Together with NLK, involved in the ubiquitination and degradation of TCF/LEF. Also exhibits auto-ubiquitination activity in combination with UBE2K. May act as a negative regulator in the Wnt/beta-catenin-mediated signaling pathway.
Subunit / interactions. Interacts with NLK. Interacts with XRCC5/Ku80. Interacts with RBBP8/CtIP.
Subcellular location. Chromosome.
Post-translational modifications. Auto-ubiquitinated.
Domain organisation. The zinc finger domains (C2H2-type and C2HC-type zinc fingers) bind DNA and mediate recruitment to double-strand break sites. They show strong preference for DNA with 5’- or 3’-single-stranded overhangs, while they do not bind blunt-ended double-stranded DNA or poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymers.
Pathway. Protein modification; protein ubiquitination.
Isoforms (2)
| UniProt ID | Names | Canonical? |
|---|---|---|
| Q8WVD3-1 | 1 | yes |
| Q8WVD3-2 | 2 |
RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001178253, NP_057355, NP_937761 (=MANE)
Domains & families (InterPro)
| ID | Name | Type |
|---|---|---|
| IPR001841 | Znf_RING | Domain |
| IPR008598 | Di19_Zn-bd | Domain |
| IPR013083 | Znf_RING/FYVE/PHD | Homologous_superfamily |
| IPR034734 | ZF_C2HC_RNF | Domain |
| IPR052498 | E3_ubiq-protein_ligase_RNF138 | Family |
Pfam: PF05605, PF13923, PF18574
UniProt features (21 total): binding site 4, zinc finger region 4, mutagenesis site 3, modified residue 2, sequence conflict 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, splice variant 1, sequence variant 1, domain 1, region of interest 1
Structure
Experimental structures (PDB)
0 structures.
Predicted structure (AlphaFold)
| Model | pLDDT | Fraction very-high |
|---|---|---|
| AF-Q8WVD3-F1 | 78.86 | 0.43 |
Functional residue map
Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.
Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4): 101; 105; 86; 89
Post-translational modifications (2): 2, 142
Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (3):
| Position | Phenotype |
|---|---|
| 18–21 | catalytic inactive mutant that abolishes ability to promote dna resection and homologous recombination. |
| 18 | catalytic inactive mutant that abolishes ability to promote dna resection and homologous recombination; when associated |
| 54 | catalytic inactive mutant that abolishes ability to promote dna resection and homologous recombination; when associated |
Function
Pathways and Gene Ontology
Reactome pathways
4 pathways
| ID | Pathway |
|---|---|
| R-HSA-983168 | Antigen processing: Ubiquitination & Proteasome degradation |
| R-HSA-1280218 | Adaptive Immune System |
| R-HSA-168256 | Immune System |
| R-HSA-983169 | Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation |
MSigDB gene sets: 416 (showing top):
GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_BCELL_UP, TGGTGCT_MIR29A_MIR29B_MIR29C, AAGCAAT_MIR137, TAATAAT_MIR126, REACTOME_ADAPTIVE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, TGCTGCT_MIR15A_MIR16_MIR15B_MIR195_MIR424_MIR497, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_PEPTIDE, REACTOME_CLASS_I_MHC_MEDIATED_ANTIGEN_PROCESSING_PRESENTATION, REACTOME_ANTIGEN_PROCESSING_UBIQUITINATION_PROTEASOME_DEGRADATION, GOLDRATH_IMMUNE_MEMORY, AAGCCAT_MIR135A_MIR135B, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GAUSSMANN_MLL_AF4_FUSION_TARGETS_A_UP, ATGTTAA_MIR302C, GNF2_ANK1
GO Biological Process (7): double-strand break repair via homologous recombination (GO:0000724), DNA double-strand break processing involved in repair via single-strand annealing (GO:0010792), Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0016055), protein ubiquitination (GO:0016567), cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor (GO:1990830), DNA repair (GO:0006281), DNA damage response (GO:0006974)
GO Molecular Function (8): single-stranded DNA binding (GO:0003697), zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), protein kinase binding (GO:0019901), ubiquitin protein ligase activity (GO:0061630), DNA binding (GO:0003677), protein binding (GO:0005515), transferase activity (GO:0016740), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)
GO Cellular Component (3): nucleus (GO:0005634), site of double-strand break (GO:0035861), chromosome (GO:0005694)
Reactome top-level categories
Rollup of top-3 pathways:
| Category | Pathways |
|---|---|
| Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation | 1 |
| Immune System | 1 |
| Adaptive Immune System | 1 |
GO top-level categories
Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:
| Category | Terms |
|---|---|
| recombinational repair | 1 |
| double-strand break repair | 1 |
| DNA double-strand break processing | 1 |
| double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing | 1 |
| cell surface receptor signaling pathway | 1 |
| protein modification by small protein conjugation | 1 |
| cellular response to cytokine stimulus | 1 |
| response to leukemia inhibitory factor | 1 |
| DNA metabolic process | 1 |
| DNA damage response | 1 |
| cellular response to stress | 1 |
| DNA binding | 1 |
| transition metal ion binding | 1 |
| kinase binding | 1 |
| ubiquitin-protein transferase activity | 1 |
| ubiquitin-like protein ligase activity | 1 |
| nucleic acid binding | 1 |
| binding | 1 |
| catalytic activity | 1 |
| cation binding | 1 |
| intracellular membrane-bounded organelle | 1 |
| site of DNA damage | 1 |
| intracellular membraneless organelle | 1 |
Protein interactions and networks
STRING
3163 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):
| Protein A | Protein B | Partner UniProt | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| RNF138 | NLK | Q9UBE8 | 681 |
| RNF138 | RNF8 | O76064 | 605 |
| RNF138 | RNF126 | Q9BV68 | 601 |
| RNF138 | RBBP8 | Q99708 | 465 |
| RNF138 | TTC36 | A6NLP5 | 446 |
| RNF138 | RNF14 | Q9UBS8 | 406 |
| RNF138 | A0A0A6YYA0 | A0A0A6YYA0 | 405 |
| RNF138 | TRAPPC8 | Q9Y2L5 | 404 |
| RNF138 | RNF168 | Q8IYW5 | 398 |
| RNF138 | STK33 | Q9BYT3 | 388 |
| RNF138 | TICAM2 | Q86XR7 | 384 |
| RNF138 | XRCC5 | P13010 | 378 |
| RNF138 | STAT5A | P42229 | 376 |
| RNF138 | PELI1 | Q96FA3 | 374 |
| RNF138 | NEDD8 | Q15843 | 362 |
IntAct
133 interactions, top by confidence:
| A | B | Type | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| UBE2K | RNF138 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.940 |
| RNF138 | UBE2K | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.940 |
| COPS8 | COPS2 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.850 |
| FRYL | YWHAZ | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.710 |
| FAM136A | RBFOX3 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.640 |
| NAP1L5 | IQGAP1 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.640 |
| UBE2K | ZFTRAF1 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.620 |
| MPDZ | SMCHD1 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.590 |
| TSTD2 | RNF138 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| EFEMP2 | RNF138 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| RNF138 | NTAQ1 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| ADRB2 | RNF138 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| DMWD | RNF138 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| RNF138 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 | |
| RNF138 | FGFR3 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| FXN | RNF138 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| GRN | RNF138 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| GRIN2C | RNF138 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| RNF138 | GSN | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| RNF138 | HRAS | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| LMNA | RNF138 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
| NF2 | RNF138 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.560 |
BioGRID (151): UBE2K (Affinity Capture-MS), RNF138 (Affinity Capture-Western), LEF1 (Biochemical Activity), UBE2K (Affinity Capture-Western), RNF138 (Two-hybrid), RNF138 (Affinity Capture-MS), RNF138 (Affinity Capture-MS), RNF138 (Affinity Capture-MS), RNF138 (Affinity Capture-MS), C6orf165 (Two-hybrid), TCF7L2 (Biochemical Activity), RNF138 (Affinity Capture-Western), RNF138 (Affinity Capture-MS), RNF138 (Affinity Capture-MS), RNF138 (Affinity Capture-Western)
ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1L8GLK3, A0A974CYQ5, A2AHJ4, A5WW08, A7XUJ6, B5DF45, B6CJY4, B6CJY5, D2HWM5, P54731, P70196, Q1L721, Q1LZE1, Q28DL4, Q32LN5, Q3KPU8, Q3MV19, Q3U9F6, Q3ZCC3, Q4VBT5, Q5E9J6, Q5F3B2, Q5FWP4, Q5NU14, Q5NVC7, Q5RF77, Q6AYH3, Q6DJN2, Q6GPB6, Q6J1I7, Q6P256, Q6PCD5, Q6RI45, Q7T321, Q80UY2, Q8CIK8, Q8JFF3, Q8WVD3, Q921C3, Q95KF1
Diamond homologs: O13033, P15918, P15919, P24271, P34088, Q1L721, Q867B5, Q8WVD3, Q90523, Q91187, Q91829, B0BLU1, E7FAP1, F6UA42, P15533, Q1LZE1, Q32LN5, Q3KPU8, Q3U9F6, Q4U5R4, Q5F3B2, Q6GPB6, Q6INS5, Q6J1I7, Q6J1I8, Q6J212, Q6J2U6, Q7T321, Q80UY2, Q8R0K2, Q95KF1, Q95RX5, Q96A37, Q96EQ8, Q99PD2, Q9BZY9, Q9CQE0, Q9D9R0, Q9ET26, Q9FF61
SIGNOR signaling
8 interactions.
| A | Effect | B | Mechanism |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ub:E2 | “up-regulates activity” | RNF138 | ubiquitination |
| RNF138 | “down-regulates quantity by destabilization” | TCF7L2 | polyubiquitination |
| UBE2K | “up-regulates activity” | RNF138 | binding |
| RNF138 | “down-regulates quantity by destabilization” | LEF1 | polyubiquitination |
| CDK2 | “up-regulates activity” | RNF138 | phosphorylation |
| CDK1 | “up-regulates activity” | RNF138 | phosphorylation |
| RNF138 | “down-regulates quantity by destabilization” | RAD51D | ubiquitination |
| ATM | “up-regulates activity” | RNF138 | phosphorylation |
Enriched among interaction partners
Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 101 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.
GO biological processes:
| GO term | Partners | Fold | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|
| protein neddylation | 5 | 41.3× | 1e-04 |
| regulation of cell cycle | 8 | 7.0× | 4e-03 |
Disease & clinical
Clinical variants and AI predictions
ClinVar
114 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):
| Classification | Count (floor) |
|---|---|
| Pathogenic | 0 |
| Likely pathogenic | 0 |
| Uncertain significance | 78 |
| Likely benign | 6 |
| Benign | 0 |
Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)
SpliceAI
3207 predictions. Top by Δscore:
| Variant | Effect | Δscore |
|---|---|---|
| 17:82464285:AGAAG:A | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 17:82464286:GAAGG:G | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 17:82468758:TTCTA:T | acceptor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 17:82468759:TCTAG:T | acceptor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 17:82468760:CTA:C | acceptor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 17:82468761:TA:T | acceptor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 17:82468762:A:AG | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 17:82468762:AGAA:A | acceptor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 17:82468763:G:GA | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 17:82468763:GA:G | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 17:82468763:GAA:G | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 17:82468763:GAAA:G | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 17:82468763:GAAAT:G | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 17:82468897:G:GG | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 17:82468898:TGAGT:T | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 17:82468899:GAG:G | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 17:82472560:GCAG:G | acceptor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 17:82472562:A:AC | acceptor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 17:82472562:A:AG | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 17:82472562:AG:A | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 17:82472562:AGG:A | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 17:82472562:AGGG:A | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 17:82472563:G:GC | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 17:82472563:GG:G | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 17:82472563:GGG:G | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 17:82472563:GGGG:G | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 17:82472563:GGGGT:G | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 17:82472649:GCACA:G | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 17:82472654:G:GG | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 17:82472659:G:GT | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
AlphaMissense
1637 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:
| Variant | Protein change | am_pathogenicity |
|---|---|---|
| 18:32092828:T:C | C18R | 1.000 |
| 18:32092830:C:G | C18W | 1.000 |
| 18:32092837:T:C | C21R | 1.000 |
| 18:32092859:C:A | P28H | 1.000 |
| 18:32111755:T:C | F38L | 1.000 |
| 18:32111757:C:A | F38L | 1.000 |
| 18:32111757:C:G | F38L | 1.000 |
| 18:32111758:T:C | C39R | 1.000 |
| 18:32111759:G:A | C39Y | 1.000 |
| 18:32111767:T:A | C42S | 1.000 |
| 18:32111767:T:C | C42R | 1.000 |
| 18:32111768:G:C | C42S | 1.000 |
| 18:32111803:T:C | C54R | 1.000 |
| 18:32111899:T:C | C86R | 1.000 |
| 18:32113781:T:C | C105R | 1.000 |
| 18:32124759:T:C | C159R | 1.000 |
| 18:32126696:T:C | C189R | 1.000 |
| 18:32126698:T:G | C189W | 1.000 |
| 18:32126705:T:C | C192R | 1.000 |
| 18:32126763:T:C | L211P | 1.000 |
| 18:32092828:T:A | C18S | 0.999 |
| 18:32092829:G:A | C18Y | 0.999 |
| 18:32092829:G:C | C18S | 0.999 |
| 18:32092829:G:T | C18F | 0.999 |
| 18:32092835:T:A | V20D | 0.999 |
| 18:32092837:T:A | C21S | 0.999 |
| 18:32092838:G:A | C21Y | 0.999 |
| 18:32092838:G:C | C21S | 0.999 |
| 18:32092838:G:T | C21F | 0.999 |
| 18:32092839:T:G | C21W | 0.999 |
dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000172075 (18:32097863 G>A,T), RS1000233669 (18:32109247 A>G), RS1000292205 (18:32092402 G>A), RS1000342298 (18:32103773 C>T), RS1000396724 (18:32103004 A>G), RS1000490141 (18:32109463 A>G), RS1000563506 (18:32127426 A>C), RS1000582588 (18:32091862 C>G,T), RS1000680624 (18:32101849 C>T), RS1000704553 (18:32092755 C>T), RS1000835761 (18:32107843 A>C,T), RS1000841869 (18:32107696 A>G), RS1000944329 (18:32114937 T>C), RS1001122903 (18:32106551 T>A), RS1001135796 (18:32103949 A>G)
Disease associations
OMIM: gene MIM:616319 | disease phenotypes:
GenCC curated gene-disease
Mondo (0):
Orphanet (0):
HPO phenotypes
0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):
GWAS associations
3 associations (top):
| Study | Trait | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| GCST003084_6 | Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis | 6.000000e-06 |
| GCST008497_3 | Change in neurofilament light levels | 2.000000e-06 |
| GCST010057_6 | Lung function | 3.000000e-07 |
EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)
| EFO ID | Trait name |
|---|---|
| EFO:0004314 | forced expiratory volume |
Drugs & pharmacology
Drug and pharmacology data
Is drug target: no
PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)
CTD chemical–gene interactions
28 total (human), top 28 by PubMed support.
| Chemical | Actions (top 5) | PubMed papers |
|---|---|---|
| sodium arsenite | affects cotreatment, decreases expression | 2 |
| Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin | decreases expression | 2 |
| Valproic Acid | decreases expression | 2 |
| 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide | decreases expression | 2 |
| triphenyl phosphate | affects expression | 1 |
| lead acetate | affects cotreatment, decreases expression | 1 |
| tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate | increases expression | 1 |
| di-n-butylphosphoric acid | affects expression | 1 |
| abrine | increases expression | 1 |
| jinfukang | affects cotreatment, decreases expression | 1 |
| PCI 5002 | increases expression, affects cotreatment | 1 |
| Bortezomib | increases expression | 1 |
| Sunitinib | increases expression | 1 |
| Air Pollutants | decreases expression, increases abundance | 1 |
| Atrazine | increases expression | 1 |
| Calcitriol | decreases expression, affects cotreatment | 1 |
| Cisplatin | affects cotreatment, decreases expression | 1 |
| Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene | increases expression | 1 |
| Gold | decreases expression | 1 |
| Mercury | increases expression | 1 |
| Phenobarbital | affects expression | 1 |
| Testosterone | affects cotreatment, decreases expression | 1 |
| Tobacco Smoke Pollution | increases expression | 1 |
| Zinc | affects cotreatment, increases expression | 1 |
| Cyclosporine | increases expression | 1 |
| Antirheumatic Agents | decreases expression | 1 |
| Cadmium Chloride | decreases expression | 1 |
| Particulate Matter | decreases expression, increases abundance | 1 |
Clinical trials (associated diseases)
0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.
Related Atlas pages
- Disease cohort memberships (association, not causation — diseases whose associated-gene cohort lists this gene; a subset are also under Associated diseases): osteonecrosis