RPE

Summary

RPE (ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase, HGNC:10293) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2q34, encoding Ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase (Q96AT9). Catalyzes the reversible epimerization of D-ribulose 5-phosphate to D-xylulose 5-phosphate. It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 77.1% of cell lines).

Enables D-ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase activity; metal ion binding activity; and protein homodimerization activity. Involved in carbohydrate metabolic process and pentose-phosphate shunt. Located in extracellular exosome.

Source: NCBI Gene 6120 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 27 total — 1 pathogenic
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 77.1% of screened cell lines
• MANE Select transcript: NM_199229

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:10293
Approved symbol	RPE
Name	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase
Location	2q34
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000197713
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	180480
Entrez	6120

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 20 — 19 protein_coding, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000354506, ENST00000359429, ENST00000408981, ENST00000411934, ENST00000429907, ENST00000429921, ENST00000435437, ENST00000436630, ENST00000438191, ENST00000438204, ENST00000438265, ENST00000441588, ENST00000445268, ENST00000452025, ENST00000453724, ENST00000454822, ENST00000867610, ENST00000867611, ENST00000924218, ENST00000924219

RefSeq mRNA: 14 — MANE Select: NM_199229 NM_001278282, NM_001278283, NM_001278285, NM_001278286, NM_001278288, NM_001278289, NM_001318926, NM_001318927, NM_001318928, NM_001318929, NM_001318930, NM_001318931, NM_006916, NM_199229

CCDS: CCDS2388, CCDS42810, CCDS63107, CCDS63108, CCDS82567, CCDS82568

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000359429 — 6 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001582404	210016507	210016641
ENSE00001583054	210017473	210017559
ENSE00003528033	210009657	210009736
ENSE00003674772	210015973	210016112
ENSE00003843678	210019669	210022260
ENSE00003848802	210002638	210002783

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 277 present calls, max score 95.68.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 25.1881 / max 620.4743, expressed in 1812 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
25003	21.5733	1805
25002	3.6148	1579

Top tissues by expression

294 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	95.68	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	92.69	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	92.32	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	91.87	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	91.74	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	91.36	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	91.33	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	90.98	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	90.70	gold quality
epithelium of esophagus	UBERON:0001976	90.25	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	90.20	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	90.12	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	89.29	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	89.20	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	89.10	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	89.09	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	89.04	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	88.88	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	88.87	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	88.78	gold quality
medial globus pallidus	UBERON:0002477	88.71	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	88.70	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	88.70	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	88.69	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	88.68	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	88.60	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	88.57	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	88.56	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	88.54	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	88.53	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	4.33

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

109 targeting RPE, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759
HSA-MIR-33A-5P	99.99	68.62	1055
HSA-MIR-33B-5P	99.99	68.58	1062
HSA-MIR-373-5P	99.98	75.36	4753
HSA-MIR-616-5P	99.98	75.58	4775
HSA-MIR-4482-3P	99.98	72.50	3147
HSA-MIR-607	99.97	73.62	5593
HSA-MIR-548AT-5P	99.96	70.83	2666
HSA-MIR-570-3P	99.96	72.41	4910
HSA-MIR-5688	99.96	73.23	4504
HSA-MIR-495-3P	99.96	72.81	4197
HSA-MIR-145-5P	99.92	71.13	1836
HSA-MIR-5195-3P	99.92	70.92	1877
HSA-MIR-7-1-3P	99.91	71.53	4384
HSA-MIR-7-2-3P	99.91	71.40	4394
HSA-MIR-8063	99.91	69.76	3146
HSA-MIR-329-3P	99.91	66.56	1234
HSA-MIR-362-3P	99.91	66.38	1267
HSA-MIR-652-5P	99.91	67.49	505
HSA-MIR-3671	99.90	73.04	3897
HSA-MIR-95-5P	99.89	72.17	3973
HSA-MIR-153-5P	99.89	73.86	6317
HSA-MIR-548D-3P	99.87	70.67	4362
HSA-MIR-548BB-3P	99.86	70.58	4354
HSA-MIR-548AC	99.84	70.77	4351
HSA-MIR-548H-3P	99.84	70.80	4349
HSA-MIR-548Z	99.84	70.80	4349

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 77.1% of screened cell lines.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 1)

• The binary complexes of RPE reported here will aid in the design of small molecules for modulating the activity of the enzyme and altering flux through the pentose phosphate pathway. (PMID:20923965)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	rpe	ENSDARG00000005251
mus_musculus	Rpe	ENSMUSG00000026005
rattus_norvegicus	Rpe	ENSRNOG00000038085
drosophila_melanogaster	Rpe	FBGN0050499
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00017272

Paralogs (1): RPEL1 (ENSG00000235376)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase — Q96AT9 (reviewed: Q96AT9)

Alternative names: Ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase

All UniProt accessions (10): C9IYE8, C9IZU8, C9J6A7, C9J8S0, C9J9T0, C9JCL8, E7ESZ6, E9PBG9, Q96AT9, F8WBT4

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Catalyzes the reversible epimerization of D-ribulose 5-phosphate to D-xylulose 5-phosphate.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer.

Cofactor. Binds 1 divalent metal cation per subunit. Active with Fe(2+), and probably also with Mn(2+), Zn(2+) and Co(2+).

Pathway. Carbohydrate degradation.

Similarity. Belongs to the ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase family.

Isoforms (5)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q96AT9-1	1	yes
Q96AT9-2	2
Q96AT9-3	3
Q96AT9-4	4
Q96AT9-5	5

RefSeq proteins (14): NP_001265211, NP_001265212, NP_001265214, NP_001265215, NP_001265217, NP_001265218, NP_001305855, NP_001305856, NP_001305857, NP_001305858, NP_001305859, NP_001305860, NP_008847, NP_954699* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000056	Ribul_P_3_epim-like	Family
IPR011060	RibuloseP-bd_barrel	Homologous_superfamily
IPR013785	Aldolase_TIM	Homologous_superfamily
IPR026019	Ribul_P_3_epim	Family

Pfam: PF00834

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 5.1.3.1 — ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase (BRENDA: 21 organisms, 16 substrates, 17 inhibitors, 16 Km, 13 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

3 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 3. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
D-RIBULOSE 5-PHOSPHATE	0.056–15	13
D-RIBULOSE-5-PHOSPHATE	2.4–2.9	2
D-XYLULOSE 5-PHOSPHATE	—	0

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• D-ribulose 5-phosphate = D-xylulose 5-phosphate (RHEA:13677)

UniProt features (53 total): helix 14, binding site 9, mutagenesis site 9, strand 9, splice variant 4, active site 2, turn 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, modified residue 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

4 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
3OVP	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.7
3OVR	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.95
3OVQ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2
3QC3	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.2

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q96AT9-F1	96.61	0.96

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (2): 37 (proton acceptor); 175 (proton donor)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (9): 175–177; 175; 197–198; 10; 35; 37; 70; 70; 146–149

Post-translational modifications (1): 2

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (9):

Position	Phenotype
10	nearly abolishes enzyme activity.
12	reduces enzyme activity by half.
35	alters protein structure. nearly abolishes enzyme activity.
37	alters protein structure. nearly abolishes enzyme activity.
39	lowers enzyme activity by 10%.
70	alters protein structure.
72	reduces enzyme activity by half.
141	no effect on enzyme activity.
175	alters protein structure.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

3 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-71336	Pentose phosphate pathway
R-HSA-1430728	Metabolism
R-HSA-71387	Metabolism of carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives

MSigDB gene sets: 179 (showing top): RODRIGUES_THYROID_CARCINOMA_ANAPLASTIC_UP, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_6HR_DN, RODRIGUES_THYROID_CARCINOMA_POORLY_DIFFERENTIATED_UP, GOBP_NADPPLUS_METABOLIC_PROCESS, MODULE_151, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_SERUM_DEPRIVATION_UP, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_UP, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_DOXORUBICIN_UP, IVANOVA_HEMATOPOIESIS_LATE_PROGENITOR, GOBP_ORGANOPHOSPHATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, TGACCTY_ERR1_Q2, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_GLUCOSE_6_PHOSPHATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_NUCLEOBASE_CONTAINING_SMALL_MOLECULE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_GENERATION_OF_PRECURSOR_METABOLITES_AND_ENERGY

GO Biological Process (3): carbohydrate metabolic process (GO:0005975), pentose-phosphate shunt (GO:0006098), pentose-phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch (GO:0009052)

GO Molecular Function (7): D-ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase activity (GO:0004750), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), protein homodimerization activity (GO:0042803), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), protein binding (GO:0005515), isomerase activity (GO:0016853), racemase and epimerase activity, acting on carbohydrates and derivatives (GO:0016857)

GO Cellular Component (2): cytosol (GO:0005829), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Metabolism of carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives	1
Metabolism	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
primary metabolic process	1
NADPH regeneration	1
pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branch	1
pentose-phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch	1
glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process	1
D-ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase activity	1
ribose-5-phosphate isomerase activity	1
transaldolase activity	1
transketolase activity	1
generation of precursor metabolites and energy	1
pentose-phosphate shunt	1
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate metabolic process	1
racemase and epimerase activity, acting on carbohydrates and derivatives	1
protein binding	1
identical protein binding	1
protein dimerization activity	1
cation binding	1
binding	1
catalytic activity	1
racemase and epimerase activity	1
cytoplasm	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
extracellular vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2124 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
RPE	RPIA	P49247	895
RPE	TALDO1	P37837	837
RPE	TKT	P29401	822
RPE	TKTL1	P51854	776
RPE	TKTL2	Q9H0I9	760
RPE	GPI	P06744	760
RPE	TPI1	P00938	743
RPE	PGD	P52209	738
RPE	H6PD	O95479	725
RPE	XYLB	O75191	718
RPE	PGLS	O95336	686
RPE	G6PD	P11413	630
RPE	FH	P07954	618
RPE	PGK2	P07205	608
RPE	RBKS	Q9H477	600
RPE	CS	O75390	600

IntAct

19 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
RPE	RPE	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.810
RPE	RPE	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.810
GCD7	RPE	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
RPE	GCD7	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
RPE	PLEKHF2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
RPE	GPX4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
PRNP	CARNS1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
M		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RPE	APOD	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RPE	RPE	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
PLEKHF2	RPE	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
RPE	serB2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
EXOSC10	RPE	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (68): RPE (Two-hybrid), CLU (Affinity Capture-MS), APOD (Affinity Capture-MS), RPE (Two-hybrid), ADSL (Co-fractionation), ALDH2 (Co-fractionation), ALDH5A1 (Co-fractionation), ALDOB (Co-fractionation), IDE (Co-fractionation), IMPA2 (Co-fractionation), MAP2K1 (Co-fractionation), MAP2K2 (Co-fractionation), NRBP1 (Co-fractionation), NUTF2 (Co-fractionation), PGK2 (Co-fractionation)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A2P6MHY1, A7ZAH2, A8AQ28, A8B2U2, A9MPP7, B0B7Q0, B1LFP2, B7NDC5, B7UJ37, O14105, O34557, O67098, O84123, P07601, P0AG07, P0AG08, P0AG09, P0AG10, P0CE21, P32719, P42420, P44756, P45455, P46969, P56109, P56188, P57603, P74061, P77704, Q1QMP2, Q2QD12, Q3AR00, Q3MEN8, Q3SRG9, Q58093, Q5R5Y2, Q5WKY5, Q6FL81, Q755M2, Q8K940

Diamond homologs: O14105, O34557, O66107, O67098, O84123, P0AG07, P0AG08, P0AG09, P0AG10, P32719, P39362, P40117, P44756, P45455, P46969, P47358, P51012, P51013, P56188, P57603, P65761, P74061, P75522, P9WI50, P9WI51, Q04539, Q2QD12, Q43157, Q43843, Q58093, Q5R5Y2, Q6FL81, Q755M2, Q89A59, Q8K940, Q8SRP6, Q8VEE0, Q96AT9, Q9CCP9, Q9L0Z5

SIGNOR signaling

2 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
RPE	“down-regulates quantity”	“D-ribulose 5-phosphate”	“chemical modification”
RPE	“up-regulates quantity”	“D-xylulose 5-phosphate(2-)”	“chemical modification”

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

27 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	1
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	15
Likely benign	1
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
979400	GRCh37/hg19 2q33.2-34(chr2:204445619-212580788)x1	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

1508 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
2:210002770:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
2:210014610:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
2:210015968:TCTA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:210015971:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:210015971:A:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:210015972:G:GT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:210015972:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:210015972:GAC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:210015972:GACA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:210015972:GACAT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:210016109:GAAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
2:210016110:AAGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
2:210016111:AGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
2:210016113:G:C	donor_loss	1.0000
2:210016114:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
2:210002779:G:GT	donor_gain	0.9900
2:210016113:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9900
2:210016500:GTTAC:G	acceptor_loss	0.9900
2:210016501:TTACA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
2:210016502:TACAG:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
2:210016503:ACAG:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
2:210016504:CAGG:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
2:210016505:A:AC	acceptor_loss	0.9900
2:210016506:G:GA	acceptor_loss	0.9900
2:210016648:G:GT	donor_gain	0.9900
2:210009656:GGC:G	acceptor_gain	0.9800
2:210016538:T:G	donor_gain	0.9800
2:210016637:CAAAG:C	donor_loss	0.9800
2:210016639:AAGGT:A	donor_loss	0.9800
2:210016640:AG:A	donor_loss	0.9800

AlphaMissense

1521 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
2:210002764:C:G	H35D	1.000
2:210002771:A:T	D37V	1.000
2:210002772:C:A	D37E	1.000
2:210002772:C:G	D37E	1.000
2:210002779:G:C	D40H	1.000
2:210016050:C:G	H94D	1.000
2:210016586:T:C	M141T	1.000
2:210016587:G:A	M141I	1.000
2:210016587:G:C	M141I	1.000
2:210016587:G:T	M141I	1.000
2:210016601:G:A	G146E	1.000
2:210017518:G:C	D175H	1.000
2:210017519:A:T	D175V	1.000
2:210017520:T:A	D175E	1.000
2:210017520:T:G	D175E	1.000
2:210017521:G:C	G176R	1.000
2:210017522:G:A	G176D	1.000
2:210017522:G:T	G176V	1.000
2:210002684:G:A	G8D	0.999
2:210002690:C:T	S10F	0.999
2:210002696:T:A	L12H	0.999
2:210002696:T:C	L12P	0.999
2:210002764:C:A	H35N	0.999
2:210002768:T:C	L36P	0.999
2:210002770:G:A	D37N	0.999
2:210002770:G:C	D37H	0.999
2:210002770:G:T	D37Y	0.999
2:210002771:A:C	D37A	0.999
2:210002771:A:G	D37G	0.999
2:210002780:A:T	D40V	0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000273422 (2:210017617 C>A,G,T), RS1000278047 (2:210018577 A>G), RS1000318665 (2:210005324 C>T), RS1000452015 (2:210001169 A>C), RS1000501509 (2:210016472 G>A,C), RS1000565894 (2:210017924 T>C), RS1000727111 (2:210013995 T>C), RS1000763373 (2:210013675 C>G,T), RS1000768950 (2:210010292 T>C), RS1000873459 (2:210021443 A>T), RS1000967335 (2:210022686 A>C,G), RS1001607964 (2:210011776 A>G,T), RS1001754714 (2:210005694 C>T), RS1002086917 (2:210004348 TG>T), RS1002290536 (2:210016994 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:180480 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST006249_98	Serum metabolite levels	2.000000e-24
GCST006249_99	Serum metabolite levels	3.000000e-33

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB variants

1 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs7570090	RPE		0.00	0

CTD chemical–gene interactions

29 total (human), top 29 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	increases abundance, increases expression, decreases expression	2
bisphenol S	increases expression, increases methylation	2
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression, increases expression	2
Tretinoin	decreases expression, increases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression, increases expression	1
bisphenol F	increases expression	1
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
bisphenol A	decreases expression	1
sodium arsenate	decreases expression	1
cobaltous chloride	decreases expression	1
manganese chloride	increases abundance, increases expression	1
methacrylaldehyde	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
beta-methylcholine	affects expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Sunitinib	increases expression	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Acrolein	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Air Pollutants, Occupational	decreases expression	1
Arsenic	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Ivermectin	decreases expression	1
Manganese	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Nickel	decreases expression	1
Ozone	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Quercetin	decreases expression	1
Valproic Acid	increases expression	1
Cadmium Chloride	increases expression	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 transformed cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_B3G6	Abcam HEK293T RPE KO	Transformed cell line	Female

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.