RPL36AL

Summary

RPL36AL (ribosomal protein L36a like, HGNC:10346) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 14q21.3, encoding Ribosomal protein eL42-like (Q969Q0). It is a common-essential gene (DepMap: required in 92.7% of cancer cell lines).

Cytoplasmic ribosomes, organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein, which shares sequence similarity with yeast ribosomal protein L44, belongs to the L44E (L36AE) family of ribosomal proteins. This gene and the human gene officially named ribosomal protein L36a (RPL36A) encode nearly identical proteins; however, they are distinct genes. Although the name of this gene has been referred to as ribosomal protein L36a (RPL36A), its official name is ribosomal protein L36a-like (RPL36AL). As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome.

Source: NCBI Gene 6166 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 17 total — 1 pathogenic
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 92.7% of screened cell lines (common-essential)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001001

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:10346
Approved symbol	RPL36AL
Name	ribosomal protein L36a like
Location	14q21.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000165502
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	180469
Entrez	6166

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 13 — 13 protein_coding

ENST00000298289, ENST00000880632, ENST00000880633, ENST00000880634, ENST00000880635, ENST00000880636, ENST00000936359, ENST00000936360, ENST00000936361, ENST00000936362, ENST00000936363, ENST00000936364, ENST00000944530

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001001 NM_001001

CCDS: CCDS9689

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000298289 — 2 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001093649	49620562	49620626
ENSE00001093650	49618530	49619140

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 294 present calls, max score 99.75.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 182.5453 / max 1821.8159, expressed in 1821 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
143082	282.3437	1827
196950	182.5453	1821
143081	0.7674	431

Top tissues by expression

294 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	99.75	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	99.70	gold quality
nasopharynx	UBERON:0001728	99.69	gold quality
tendon of biceps brachii	UBERON:0008188	99.61	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	99.55	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	99.53	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	99.53	gold quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	99.50	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	99.47	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	99.44	gold quality
caput epididymis	UBERON:0004358	99.44	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	99.42	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	99.42	gold quality
synovial joint	UBERON:0002217	99.41	gold quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	99.40	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	99.39	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	99.39	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	99.38	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	99.38	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	99.37	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	99.37	gold quality
urethra	UBERON:0000057	99.36	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	99.36	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	99.36	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	99.36	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	99.35	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	99.35	gold quality
superficial temporal artery	UBERON:0001614	99.35	gold quality
tendon	UBERON:0000043	99.34	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	99.32	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 12 experiment(s), a significant marker in 6.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-HCAD-4	yes	126.26
E-CURD-88	yes	27.94
E-GEOD-135922	yes	24.63
E-MTAB-10042	yes	9.28
E-MTAB-7316	yes	6.66
E-MTAB-9388	no	905.92
E-HCAD-1	no	40.81
E-CURD-122	no	10.02
E-MTAB-8410	no	9.96
E-GEOD-130148	no	7.01
E-HCAD-10	no	6.53
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): NR1I2

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 92.7% of screened cell lines, common-essential.

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	rpl36a	ENSDARG00000058105
mus_musculus	Gm6525	ENSMUSG00000104043
rattus_norvegicus		ENSRNOG00000075816

Paralogs (1): RPL36A (ENSG00000241343)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Ribosomal protein eL42-like — Q969Q0 (reviewed: Q969Q0)

Alternative names: 60S ribosomal protein L36a-like, Large ribosomal subunit protein eL42-like

All UniProt accessions (1): Q969Q0

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity. Ubiquitously expressed.

Miscellaneous. This gene has no introns in its coding regions, and therefore, was most likely produced by retrotransposition of the original X-linked gene during evolution.

Similarity. Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL42 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_000992* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000552	Ribosomal_eL44	Family
IPR011332	Ribosomal_zn-bd	Homologous_superfamily
IPR053708	Ribosomal_LSU_eL42	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00935

UniProt features (4 total): chain 1, region of interest 1, modified residue 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q969Q0-F1	94.96	0.92

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 53

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

16 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-156827	L13a-mediated translational silencing of Ceruloplasmin expression
R-HSA-156902	Peptide chain elongation
R-HSA-1799339	SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
R-HSA-192823	Viral mRNA Translation
R-HSA-2408557	Selenocysteine synthesis
R-HSA-6791226	Major pathway of rRNA processing in the nucleolus and cytosol
R-HSA-72689	Formation of a pool of free 40S subunits
R-HSA-72706	GTP hydrolysis and joining of the 60S ribosomal subunit
R-HSA-72764	Eukaryotic Translation Termination
R-HSA-9010553	Regulation of expression of SLITs and ROBOs
R-HSA-9633012	Response of EIF2AK4 (GCN2) to amino acid deficiency
R-HSA-975956	Nonsense Mediated Decay (NMD) independent of the Exon Junction Complex (EJC)
R-HSA-975957	Nonsense Mediated Decay (NMD) enhanced by the Exon Junction Complex (EJC)
R-HSA-9954709	Ribosome Quality Control (RQC) complex extracts and degrades nascent peptide
R-HSA-9954714	PELO:HBS1L and ABCE1 dissociate a ribosome on a non-stop mRNA
R-HSA-9954716	ZNF598 and the Ribosome-associated Quality Trigger (RQT) complex dissociate a ribosome stalled on a no-go mRNA

MSigDB gene sets: 298 (showing top): GSE18804_SPLEEN_MACROPHAGE_VS_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_UP, GOBP_CYTOPLASMIC_TRANSLATION, RNGTGGGC_UNKNOWN, MORF_RAB5A, MODULE_151, BHATI_G2M_ARREST_BY_2METHOXYESTRADIOL_DN, GCM_NPM1, STARK_PREFRONTAL_CORTEX_22Q11_DELETION_DN, MORF_RAD21, GOBP_STRIATED_MUSCLE_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, ACEVEDO_NORMAL_TISSUE_ADJACENT_TO_LIVER_TUMOR_DN, HSIAO_HOUSEKEEPING_GENES, LINDGREN_BLADDER_CANCER_CLUSTER_3_DN, MORF_PSMC2, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_COMPONENT_ORGANIZATION

GO Biological Process (2): cytoplasmic translation (GO:0002181), translation (GO:0006412)

GO Molecular Function (2): structural constituent of ribosome (GO:0003735), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (8): nucleus (GO:0005634), endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783), cytosol (GO:0005829), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), cytosolic large ribosomal subunit (GO:0022625), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), ribosome (GO:0005840), ribonucleoprotein complex (GO:1990904)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-11 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Ribosome-associated quality control	3
Translation	2
Cap-dependent Translation Initiation	2
Nonsense-Mediated Decay (NMD)	2
Eukaryotic Translation Initiation	1
Eukaryotic Translation Elongation	1
Influenza Viral RNA Transcription and Replication	1
Selenoamino acid metabolism	1
rRNA processing in the nucleus and cytosol	1
Signaling by ROBO receptors	1
Cellular response to starvation	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	2
cytoplasm	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
translation	1
peptidyltransferase activity	1
translational initiation	1
translational elongation	1
translational termination	1
macromolecule biosynthetic process	1
protein metabolic process	1
protein biosynthetic process	1
structural molecule activity	1
ribosome	1
binding	1
endomembrane system	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
large ribosomal subunit	1
cytosolic ribosome	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
protein-containing complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2645 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
RPL36AL	RPL19	P14118	914
RPL36AL	RPL7A	P11518	904
RPL36AL	RPS11	P04643	896
RPL36AL	RPS17	P08708	880
RPL36AL	RPL35A	P18077	874
RPL36AL	RPL30	P04645	852
RPL36AL	RPL39	P02404	778
RPL36AL	RPS14	P06366	777
RPL36AL	RPS6	P08227	762
RPL36AL	RPL5	P46777	727
RPL36AL	RPL12	P30050	712
RPL36AL	RPS2	P15880	710
RPL36AL	RPS18	P25232	702
RPL36AL	RPL39L	Q96EH5	675
RPL36AL	RPL15	P39030	647

IntAct

78 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
MRPS30	GTPBP10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
RPL10A	RRP8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
RPL14	RRP8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
H1-1	RRP8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
DHX8	AHCYL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
RPS7	RPL5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
ESR1	TRIM24	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
RPL36AL	KRTAP10-7	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
H1-6	ZNF724	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RBM34	NVL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RPL37A	MPHOSPH10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MDK	SETD1A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RSBN1	SETD1A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ZNF71	NVL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRPL10	ZZEF1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ZBTB48	ZBTB24	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RPL7	ZBTB24	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
E4F1	ZBTB24	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PDGFB	DKC1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
BHLHA15	RPLP0	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NAP1L1	RPL17	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
DRICH1	CSNK1E	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ESR1		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.460
ESR2	FBLL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.460
RPL36AL	MRPS5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
HSPB2	RPL36AL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
RPL36AL	C7orf25	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
RPL36AL	GSK3B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370

BioGRID (414): KRTAP10-7 (Two-hybrid), RPL36AL (Affinity Capture-MS), RPL36AL (Affinity Capture-MS), RPL36AL (Affinity Capture-MS), RPL36AL (Affinity Capture-MS), RPL36AL (Affinity Capture-MS), RPL36AL (Affinity Capture-MS), RPL36AL (Affinity Capture-MS), RPL36AL (Affinity Capture-MS), RPL36AL (Affinity Capture-MS), RPL36AL (Affinity Capture-MS), RPL35A (Co-fractionation), RPL36AL (Co-fractionation), RPL36AL (Co-fractionation), RPL36AL (Co-fractionation)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1D8PEV4, A8PCG3, A9L948, D0VWQ4, G1T040, O23290, O27365, O28936, O59870, O97231, P0CQ50, P0CQ51, P0CX27, P0CX28, P17843, P27074, P27075, P27076, P31027, P31028, P31866, P36533, P48166, P49213, P52809, P54027, P61485, P61486, P61487, P83881, P83882, P83883, P83884, P90702, Q00477, Q22X38, Q3ISI8, Q3SZ59, Q4PNY0, Q55CW5

Diamond homologs: A0A1D8PEV4, A8PCG3, A9L948, B8D537, D0VWQ4, F2L1X6, G1T040, O23290, O27365, O59870, O97231, P0CQ50, P0CQ51, P0CX27, P0CX28, P17843, P27074, P27075, P27076, P31027, P31028, P31866, P48166, P49213, P52809, P61485, P61486, P61487, P83881, P83882, P83883, P83884, P90702, Q00477, Q22X38, Q3SZ59, Q4PNY0, Q55CW5, Q5R9D2, Q6BLK0

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
RPL36AL	“form complex”	“60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit”	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 111 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane	17	21.3×	7e-16
Peptide chain elongation	13	20.6×	4e-12
Viral mRNA Translation	13	20.6×	4e-12
PELO:HBS1L and ABCE1 dissociate a ribosome on a non-stop mRNA	13	20.4×	4e-12
Selenocysteine synthesis	13	19.5×	4e-12
Eukaryotic Translation Termination	13	19.5×	4e-12
Nonsense Mediated Decay (NMD) independent of the Exon Junction Complex (EJC)	13	19.1×	5e-12
ZNF598 and the Ribosome-associated Quality Trigger (RQT) complex dissociate a ribosome stalled on a no-go mRNA	13	19.1×	5e-12

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
cytoplasmic translation	13	24.1×	2e-12
ribosomal large subunit biogenesis	5	22.2×	4e-04
translation	16	16.4×	1e-12
ribosomal small subunit biogenesis	7	15.9×	5e-05
rRNA processing	9	12.8×	9e-06

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

17 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	1
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	10
Likely benign	0
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
2425021	NC_000023.10:g.(?99551275)(101097764_?)del	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

899 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
X:101391563:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
X:101391564:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
X:101391749:TCCCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:101391750:CCCA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:101391751:CCA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:101391752:CA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:101391754:G:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:101391819:AAAGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
X:101391821:AGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
X:101391822:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
X:101391823:G:GA	donor_loss	1.0000
X:101391824:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
X:101391824:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
X:101395441:GAGA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
X:101395444:A:G	donor_gain	1.0000
14:49619141:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
X:101391042:GCATG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
X:101391192:G:T	donor_gain	0.9900
X:101391211:G:GT	donor_gain	0.9900
X:101391453:TACTA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
X:101391455:CTAGG:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
X:101391456:TA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
X:101391457:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
X:101391457:AGGTT:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
X:101391458:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
X:101391458:GGTT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
X:101391458:GGTTA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
X:101391542:C:T	donor_gain	0.9900
X:101391565:G:GC	donor_loss	0.9900
X:101391565:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

692 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
14:49618787:G:C	F106L	0.998
14:49618787:G:T	F106L	0.998
14:49618789:A:G	F106L	0.998
14:49618841:G:C	C88W	0.998
14:49618844:T:A	R87S	0.998
14:49618844:T:G	R87S	0.998
14:49618845:C:G	R87T	0.998
14:49618922:C:A	K61N	0.998
14:49618922:C:G	K61N	0.998
14:49618956:C:T	G50E	0.998
14:49618824:C:T	G94E	0.997
14:49618842:C:T	C88Y	0.997
14:49618845:C:A	R87I	0.997
14:49618896:A:G	L70P	0.997
14:49618926:G:T	A60D	0.997
14:49618788:A:G	F106S	0.996
14:49618832:A:C	F91L	0.996
14:49618832:A:T	F91L	0.996
14:49618833:A:G	F91S	0.996
14:49618834:A:G	F91L	0.996
14:49618838:C:A	K89N	0.996
14:49618838:C:G	K89N	0.996
14:49618891:A:G	C72R	0.996
14:49618902:A:G	L68P	0.996
14:49618902:A:T	L68Q	0.996
14:49618913:C:A	K64N	0.996
14:49618913:C:G	K64N	0.996
14:49618917:G:A	T63I	0.996
14:49618946:C:A	K53N	0.996
14:49618946:C:G	K53N	0.996

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000194527 (14:49619782 T>C), RS1000458463 (14:49621556 C>T), RS1000796282 (14:49620645 G>A), RS1000864356 (14:49619362 G>A), RS1000981677 (14:49619604 T>G), RS1001322400 (14:49619685 C>G), RS1002967671 (14:49620548 C>A), RS1003201135 (14:49619697 T>C), RS1003340772 (14:49620385 G>A,C), RS1003647744 (14:49620606 T>C), RS1003705196 (14:49619467 G>C), RS1003833972 (14:49619163 A>G), RS1003910403 (14:49619438 C>A,T), RS1005048070 (14:49618961 A>G,T), RS1005716041 (14:49620833 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:180469 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

31 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
bisphenol A	decreases expression, affects expression	4
Cadmium Chloride	increases abundance, increases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects localization, increases expression	1
arsenite	affects binding, increases reaction	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
cobaltous chloride	increases expression	1
azoxystrobin	increases expression	1
CD 437	decreases expression	1
chloropicrin	affects expression	1
K 7174	decreases expression	1
fenpyroximate	increases expression	1
3-(4’-hydroxy-3’-adamantylbiphenyl-4-yl)acrylic acid	decreases expression	1
ICG 001	decreases expression	1
bisphenol B	increases expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
bisphenol S	increases expression	1
picoxystrobin	increases expression	1
Leflunomide	decreases expression	1
Cadmium	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Estradiol	decreases expression	1
Furaldehyde	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects localization, increases expression	1
Lipopolysaccharides	affects expression, affects response to substance	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Sodium Chloride	affects localization, increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Tretinoin	increases expression	1
Valproic Acid	decreases methylation	1
Sodium Selenite	increases expression	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 transformed cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_B3G9	Abcam HEK293T RPL36AL KO	Transformed cell line	Female

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.