RPS15

gene
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Also known as RIGMGC111130S15uS19

Summary

RPS15 (ribosomal protein S15, HGNC:10388) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 19p13.3, encoding Small ribosomal subunit protein uS19 (P62841). Component of the small ribosomal subunit. It is a common-essential gene (DepMap: required in 100.0% of cancer cell lines).

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S19P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. This gene has been found to be activated in various tumors, such as insulinomas, esophageal cancers, and colon cancers. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 6209 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • Gene–disease (curated): Diamond-Blackfan anemia (Limited, GenCC)
  • GWAS associations: 3
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 18 total
  • Druggable target: yes — 1 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
  • Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 100.0% of screened cell lines (common-essential)
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_001018

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:10388
Approved symbolRPS15
Nameribosomal protein S15
Location19p13.3
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesRIG, MGC111130, S15, uS19
Ensembl geneENSG00000115268
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM180535
Entrez6209

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 15 — 14 protein_coding, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000233609, ENST00000585665, ENST00000586096, ENST00000586656, ENST00000586686, ENST00000589656, ENST00000591032, ENST00000591804, ENST00000592588, ENST00000592623, ENST00000592700, ENST00000593052, ENST00000617694, ENST00000927775, ENST00000927776

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_001018 NM_001018, NM_001308226

CCDS: CCDS12067, CCDS77210

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000592588 — 4 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE0000276380014383961438428
ENSE0000359794714400191440253
ENSE0000374904814388071438892
ENSE0000390279214403491440495

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 149 present calls, max score 99.86.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 234.3929 / max 1700.9714, expressed in 1827 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
172967185.18461826
17296649.16861811
1729650.039818

Top tissues by expression

149 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
pituitary glandUBERON:000000799.86gold quality
adenohypophysisUBERON:000219699.85gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellumUBERON:001489099.83gold quality
zone of skinUBERON:000001499.82gold quality
skin of abdomenUBERON:000141699.82gold quality
skin of legUBERON:000151199.82gold quality
cerebellumUBERON:000203799.82gold quality
cerebellar cortexUBERON:000212999.82gold quality
cerebellar hemisphereUBERON:000224599.82gold quality
left ovaryUBERON:000211999.81gold quality
right ovaryUBERON:000211899.80gold quality
prostate glandUBERON:000236799.80gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonadCL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:000099199.79gold quality
right uterine tubeUBERON:000130299.79gold quality
temporal lobeUBERON:000187199.79gold quality
amygdalaUBERON:000187699.79gold quality
ovaryUBERON:000099299.78gold quality
primary visual cortexUBERON:000243699.78gold quality
lower esophagus mucosaUBERON:003583499.78gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009499.77gold quality
endocervixUBERON:000045899.77gold quality
embryoUBERON:000092299.76gold quality
vaginaUBERON:000099699.76gold quality
putamenUBERON:000187499.76gold quality
nucleus accumbensUBERON:000188299.76gold quality
Ammon’s hornUBERON:000195499.76gold quality
ganglionic eminenceUBERON:000402399.76gold quality
mucosa of transverse colonUBERON:000499199.76gold quality
thoracic mammary glandUBERON:000520099.76gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cordUBERON:000646999.76gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 30 experiment(s), a significant marker in 11.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-GEOD-89232yes4330.38
E-MTAB-11268yes2586.85
E-MTAB-7008yes2551.06
E-CURD-122yes101.55
E-MTAB-9221yes55.64
E-MTAB-6678yes36.71
E-MTAB-10042yes15.38
E-MTAB-9543yes13.95
E-HCAD-35yes10.28
E-MTAB-9801yes6.63
E-MTAB-8410no8741.45
E-CURD-112no7103.35
E-CURD-98no6237.18
E-MTAB-7606no5852.35
E-MTAB-8894no4838.59

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): E2F4, HNF1A, MYC, SPI1

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 100.0% of screened cell lines, common-essential.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 10)

  • RPL37, RPS15 and RPS20 regulate the Mdm2-p53-MdmX network but employ different mechanisms to do so. (PMID:23874713)
  • Study shows that ribosomal protein s15 is a key pathogenic LRRK2 substrate in Drosophila and human neuron Parkinson’s disease models. (PMID:24725412)
  • we provide novel insights into the heterogeneous genomic landscape of relapsing chronic lymphocytic leukemia and report recurrent mutations in a “hotspot” region of RPS15 (PMID:26675346)
  • Quantitative mass spectrometry analyses suggest that RPS15 variants may induce additional alterations in the translational machinery, as well as a metabolic shift at the proteome level in HEK293T and MEC-1 cells. These results indicate that chronic lymphocytic leukemia-related RPS15 mutations might act following patterns known for other ribosomal diseases. (PMID:30181176)
  • our findings demonstrate that the human ribosomal protein uS19 interacts with mRNAs during translation elongation and highlight the regions of mRNAs where ribosome pausing occurs, bringing new structural and functional insights into eukaryotic translation in vivo. (PMID:31802126)
  • Findings suggest that the C-terminal tail of uS19 plays a key role in the accommodation of aa-tRNA at the A site. (PMID:31991215)
  • RPS15 mutations rewire RNA translation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (PMID:34251413)
  • The C-terminal tail of ribosomal protein Rps15 is engaged in cytoplasmic pre-40S maturation. (PMID:35438042)
  • RPS15 interacted with IGF2BP1 to promote esophageal squamous cell carcinoma development via recognizing m[6]A modification. (PMID:37264021)
  • The value of RPS15 and MRPS27 in ischemic stroke. (PMID:37603533)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriorps15ENSDARG00000070849
mus_musculusRps15ENSMUSG00000063457
rattus_norvegicusRps15ENSRNOG00000024603
drosophila_melanogasterRpS15FBGN0034138
caenorhabditis_elegansrps-15WBGENE00004484

Protein

Protein identifiers

Small ribosomal subunit protein uS19P62841 (reviewed: P62841)

Alternative names: 40S ribosomal protein S15, RIG protein

All UniProt accessions (9): A0A0B4J2B4, A0A1Y8EIB3, P62841, K7EJ78, K7ELC2, K7EM56, K7EQJ5, S4R417, S4R456

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Component of the small ribosomal subunit. The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell.

Subunit / interactions. Component of the small ribosomal subunit.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Similarity. Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS19 family.

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001009, NP_001295155 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR002222Ribosomal_uS19Family
IPR005713Ribosomal_uS19_euk_arcFamily
IPR020934Ribosomal_uS19_CSConserved_site
IPR023575Ribosomal_uS19_SFHomologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00203

UniProt features (19 total): helix 8, strand 6, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, turn 1, modified residue 1, cross-link 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

208 structures, top 30 by resolution.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
8GLPELECTRON MICROSCOPY1.67
8QOIELECTRON MICROSCOPY1.9
9O3WELECTRON MICROSCOPY1.9
8YOOELECTRON MICROSCOPY2
9C3HELECTRON MICROSCOPY2
7R4XELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.15
9I2DELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.19
9PBEELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.19
8YOPELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.2
9O3VELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.2
9O3YELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.2
8JDKELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.26
8G5YELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.29
9S3DELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.32
9RPVELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.35
9S3BELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.38
8K2CELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.4
8XSXELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.4
9SPFELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.4
9SPIELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.4
8JDLELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.42
9S3CELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.42
9QLOELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.47
9P8BELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.48
7XNYELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.5
8JDJELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.5
9RUCELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.5
8G60ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.54
8IFEELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.57
9P7DELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.57

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-P62841-F186.580.66

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (2): 2, 108

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

50 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-156827L13a-mediated translational silencing of Ceruloplasmin expression
R-HSA-156902Peptide chain elongation
R-HSA-1799339SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
R-HSA-192823Viral mRNA Translation
R-HSA-2408557Selenocysteine synthesis
R-HSA-6791226Major pathway of rRNA processing in the nucleolus and cytosol
R-HSA-72649Translation initiation complex formation
R-HSA-72689Formation of a pool of free 40S subunits
R-HSA-72695Formation of the ternary complex, and subsequently, the 43S complex
R-HSA-72702Ribosomal scanning and start codon recognition
R-HSA-72706GTP hydrolysis and joining of the 60S ribosomal subunit
R-HSA-72764Eukaryotic Translation Termination
R-HSA-9010553Regulation of expression of SLITs and ROBOs
R-HSA-9633012Response of EIF2AK4 (GCN2) to amino acid deficiency
R-HSA-9735869SARS-CoV-1 modulates host translation machinery
R-HSA-9754678SARS-CoV-2 modulates host translation machinery
R-HSA-975956Nonsense Mediated Decay (NMD) independent of the Exon Junction Complex (EJC)
R-HSA-975957Nonsense Mediated Decay (NMD) enhanced by the Exon Junction Complex (EJC)
R-HSA-9954714PELO:HBS1L and ABCE1 dissociate a ribosome on a non-stop mRNA
R-HSA-9954716ZNF598 and the Ribosome-associated Quality Trigger (RQT) complex dissociate a ribosome stalled on a no-go mRNA
R-HSA-1266738Developmental Biology
R-HSA-1430728Metabolism
R-HSA-156842Eukaryotic Translation Elongation
R-HSA-1643685Disease
R-HSA-168255Influenza Infection
R-HSA-168273Influenza Viral RNA Transcription and Replication
R-HSA-2262752Cellular responses to stress
R-HSA-2408522Selenoamino acid metabolism
R-HSA-376176Signaling by ROBO receptors
R-HSA-392499Metabolism of proteins

MSigDB gene sets: 191 (showing top): GOBP_CYTOPLASMIC_TRANSLATION, GOBP_RIBOSOME_BIOGENESIS, GOBP_HEPATICOBILIARY_SYSTEM_DEVELOPMENT, ENK_UV_RESPONSE_KERATINOCYTE_UP, HSIAO_HOUSEKEEPING_GENES, GOBP_OSTEOBLAST_DIFFERENTIATION, GOBP_REGENERATION, GOBP_RIBOSOME_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_TRANSLATION, GOBP_NUCLEAR_TRANSPORT, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION_BY_P53_CLASS_MEDIATOR, GOBP_RIBOSOMAL_SMALL_SUBUNIT_BIOGENESIS, GOMF_STRUCTURAL_CONSTITUENT_OF_RIBOSOME, GNF2_FBL, GOBP_LIVER_REGENERATION

GO Biological Process (9): ribosomal small subunit assembly (GO:0000028), ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus (GO:0000056), osteoblast differentiation (GO:0001649), cytoplasmic translation (GO:0002181), rRNA processing (GO:0006364), translation (GO:0006412), ribosomal small subunit biogenesis (GO:0042274), liver regeneration (GO:0097421), positive regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator (GO:1901798)

GO Molecular Function (6): DNA binding (GO:0003677), RNA binding (GO:0003723), structural constituent of ribosome (GO:0003735), MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding (GO:0097371), ubiquitin ligase inhibitor activity (GO:1990948), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (12): nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829), focal adhesion (GO:0005925), membrane (GO:0016020), cytosolic ribosome (GO:0022626), cytosolic small ribosomal subunit (GO:0022627), synapse (GO:0045202), ribosome (GO:0005840), small ribosomal subunit (GO:0015935), ribonucleoprotein complex (GO:1990904)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-14 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Cap-dependent Translation Initiation4
Translation2
Nonsense-Mediated Decay (NMD)2
Ribosome-associated quality control2
Eukaryotic Translation Initiation1
Eukaryotic Translation Elongation1
Influenza Viral RNA Transcription and Replication1
Selenoamino acid metabolism1
rRNA processing in the nucleus and cytosol1
Activation of the mRNA upon binding of the cap-binding complex and eIFs, and subsequent binding to 43S1
Signaling by ROBO receptors1
Cellular response to starvation1
SARS-CoV-1-host interactions1
SARS-CoV-2-host interactions1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure4
ribosome biogenesis2
nucleic acid binding2
ribosome2
protein-RNA complex assembly1
ribosome assembly1
ribosomal small subunit biogenesis1
ribosomal subunit export from nucleus1
ossification1
cell differentiation1
translation1
RNA processing1
rRNA metabolic process1
peptidyltransferase activity1
translational initiation1
translational elongation1
translational termination1
macromolecule biosynthetic process1
protein metabolic process1
protein biosynthetic process1
ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis1
liver development1
animal organ regeneration1
signal transduction by p53 class mediator1
regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator1
positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction1
structural molecule activity1
protein binding1
ubiquitin-protein transferase inhibitor activity1
binding1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
nuclear lumen1
intracellular anatomical structure1
cytoplasm1
cell-substrate junction1
cytosol1
small ribosomal subunit1
cytosolic ribosome1
cell junction1
intracellular membraneless organelle1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

0 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

IntAct

339 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
LRRK2RPS15psi-mi:“MI:0217”(phosphorylation reaction)0.780
H2AXPPM1Gpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.730
CFTRESYT2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.710
RIOK1PRMT5psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.710
H1-1RRP8psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
NOP53RRP8psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
RPS6KA2RPS6KA3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
RACK1RPS17psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.610
CFTRHAX1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.610
G2E3RPS15psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
RPS15G2E3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
PPIARPS15psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
ZNF169ZNF316psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
ZNF324BZNF316psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
H1-6ZNF724psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
H1-4IGF2BP3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
RPS2MPHOSPH10psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
PRR11NVLpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
MAK16NVLpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
ZBTB48ZBTB24psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
PDGFBDKC1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
BHLHA15RPLP0psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
L3MBTL1DNAJB6psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530

BioGRID (594): G2E3 (Two-hybrid), RPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), RPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), RPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), RPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), RPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), RPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), RPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), RPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), RPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL14 (Co-fractionation), RNPS1 (Co-fractionation), RPL11 (Co-fractionation), RPL15 (Co-fractionation), RPL18A (Co-fractionation)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0B9W6, A1JS33, A4TGZ6, A4WFC4, A6TEW8, A7FNN1, A7I5P3, A7MPI3, A7MWI7, A9MN52, A9MSZ4, A9R900, B1JIW5, B1L708, B2K5M6, B2VK60, B4SUT6, B4TKL1, B4TXD8, B5BGY2, B5F8E8, B5FJL0, B5R287, B5RH19, B5XN98, C0Q0B2, C6DG70, G1U0Q2, P11256, P62841, P62842, P62843, P62844, P62845, P62846, P66491, P66492, Q0W1Y5, Q12ZU7, Q1C2V1

Diamond homologs: A0A1D8PK22, A0B9W6, A0RVX7, A1AVK4, A1RV74, A1RWQ5, A2BMB3, A2SPK7, A3CT01, A3DNB1, A3MTT6, A4FVX8, A4WIZ3, A4YCX0, A5CXK8, A5UL85, A6UQJ4, A6UV64, A6VHD6, A7I5P3, A8AA18, A8MC54, A9A5J1, A9A9B4, B0R660, B0U5K3, B1L708, B1YD00, B2I8H3, B3QBX6, B6YSL7, B9LSS3, C0QQM7, C5A282, C6A163, G1U0Q2, O26114, O28358, O59422, O65059

SIGNOR signaling

2 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
LRRK2“up-regulates activity”RPS15phosphorylation
RPS15“form complex”“40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit”binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 210 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
SARS-CoV-1 modulates host translation machinery1022.2×5e-10
Eukaryotic Translation Initiation920.0×1e-08
Cap-dependent Translation Initiation920.0×1e-08
Formation of the ternary complex, and subsequently, the 43S complex1218.6×4e-11
Eukaryotic Translation Elongation918.0×3e-08
Ribosomal scanning and start codon recognition1317.8×9e-12
Formation of a pool of free 40S subunits2217.7×1e-19
Activation of the mRNA upon binding of the cap-binding complex and eIFs, and subsequent binding to 43S917.6×3e-08

GO biological processes:

GO termPartnersFoldFDR
formation of cytoplasmic translation initiation complex529.9×9e-05
cytoplasmic translation2221.7×1e-20
ribosomal large subunit biogenesis818.9×2e-06
ribosomal small subunit biogenesis1012.1×2e-06
rRNA processing1612.1×1e-10
translation2111.5×8e-14
translational initiation611.4×2e-03
regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator510.2×8e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

18 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance8
Likely benign4
Benign3

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

602 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
19:1438888:TCCTA:Tdonor_gain1.0000
19:1438889:CCTAG:Cdonor_loss1.0000
19:1438890:CTAG:Cdonor_loss1.0000
19:1438891:TA:Tdonor_gain1.0000
19:1438892:AG:Adonor_loss1.0000
19:1438893:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
19:1438894:T:Gdonor_loss1.0000
19:1440014:CCCA:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
19:1440015:CCAG:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
19:1440017:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
19:1440017:AGC:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
19:1440018:G:GTacceptor_gain1.0000
19:1440018:GC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
19:1440018:GCG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
19:1440018:GCGA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
19:1440253:GGTG:Gdonor_loss1.0000
19:1440254:GTGT:Gdonor_loss1.0000
19:1440255:T:Adonor_loss1.0000
19:1440336:T:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
19:1440337:G:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
19:1440344:C:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
19:1440344:CGCA:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
19:1440345:GCA:Gacceptor_loss1.0000
19:1440346:CAG:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
19:1440347:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
19:1440347:AGCCC:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
19:1440348:G:GAacceptor_gain1.0000
19:1440348:GC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
19:1440348:GCC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
19:1440348:GCCC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

942 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
19:1438837:T:CF12L1.000
19:1438839:C:AF12L1.000
19:1438839:C:GF12L1.000
19:1438846:T:CF15L1.000
19:1438848:C:AF15L1.000
19:1438848:C:GF15L1.000
19:1438877:T:CL25P1.000
19:1440213:G:AG95D1.000
19:1440216:T:AV96D1.000
19:1440224:G:CG99R1.000
19:1440225:G:AG99D1.000
19:1440225:G:TG99V1.000
19:1440233:T:CF102L1.000
19:1440235:C:AF102L1.000
19:1440235:C:GF102L1.000
19:1440374:G:AG117D1.000
19:1440408:T:AH128Q1.000
19:1440408:T:GH128Q1.000
19:1440418:G:CG132R1.000
19:1440418:G:TG132C1.000
19:1440419:G:AG132D1.000
19:1440424:G:AG134R1.000
19:1440424:G:CG134R1.000
19:1440424:G:TG134W1.000
19:1440425:G:AG134E1.000
19:1440425:G:TG134V1.000
19:1440428:C:AA135D1.000
19:1440431:C:TT136I1.000
19:1440437:C:TS138F1.000
19:1440440:C:TS139F1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000457377 (19:1439409 C>T), RS1000807244 (19:1439159 G>A,C,T), RS1001194964 (19:1439483 C>T), RS1001247032 (19:1439653 C>T), RS1001347954 (19:1436866 T>C), RS1001401591 (19:1437002 T>C), RS1002703090 (19:1438647 C>G), RS1002867968 (19:1440450 C>T), RS1002922524 (19:1440770 G>A,C), RS1003083413 (19:1436405 C>T), RS1003214046 (19:1439729 G>C,T), RS1004481115 (19:1440969 C>T), RS1005252570 (19:1437447 C>G,T), RS1005611706 (19:1437120 C>A), RS1005969565 (19:1437373 G>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:180535 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
Diamond-Blackfan anemiaLimitedAutosomal dominant

Mondo (1): Diamond-Blackfan anemia (MONDO:0015253)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST90002383_94Hematocrit8.000000e-12
GCST90002384_442Hemoglobin8.000000e-12
GCST90002403_343Red blood cell count8.000000e-15

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004348hematocrit
EFO:0004509hemoglobin measurement
EFO:0004305erythrocyte count

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

DescriptorNameTree numbers
D029503Anemia, Diamond-BlackfanC15.378.050.085.080.090; C15.378.050.750.500; C15.378.190.223.500.500.090; C16.320.077.090

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (2): CHEMBL3987582 (PROTEIN NUCLEIC-ACID COMPLEX), CHEMBL6067561 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

1 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds).

MoleculeNamePhasePatents
CHEMBL6067484GENTAMICIN SULFATE4

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

ChEMBL bioactivities

50 potent at pChembl≥5 of 54 total, top 49 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChemblTypeValueUnitMolecule
7.83Kd14.91nMCHEMBL5653589
7.83ED5014.91nMCHEMBL5653589
6.52IC50300nMCHEMBL4109308
6.42IC50380nMCHEMBL4109308
6.42IC50380nMCHEMBL4574496
6.41IC50390nMCHEMBL4126894
6.39IC50410nMCHEMBL4114159
6.35IC50450nMCHEMBL4126496
6.30IC50500nMCHEMBL4574496
6.30IC50500nMCHEMBL4560206
6.16IC50690nMCHEMBL4130157
6.15IC50710nMCHEMBL4108338
6.11IC50780nMCHEMBL4114159
6.09IC50820nMCHEMBL4109308
6.07IC50850nMCHEMBL4107559
6.07IC50850nMCHEMBL4533299
6.05IC50900nMCHEMBL4126894
6.05IC50900nMCHEMBL4126496
6.04IC50920nMCHEMBL4554909
5.97IC501060nMCHEMBL4128388
5.89IC501290nMCHEMBL4130157
5.86IC501370nMCHEMBL4107559
5.84IC501440nMCHEMBL4108338
5.81IC501540nMCHEMBL4534859
5.76IC501730nMCHEMBL4534859
5.69IC502050nMCHEMBL4566239
5.68IC502080nMCHEMBL4446635
5.66IC502210nMCHEMBL4446635
5.66EC502200nMCHEMBL4464929
5.64IC502270nMCHEMBL4533299
5.63IC502330nMCHEMBL4566239
5.62IC502380nMCHEMBL4128388
5.58IC502630nMCHEMBL4128250
5.55IC502820nMCHEMBL4127458
5.53IC502970nMCHEMBL4127311
5.51IC503080nMCHEMBL4126072
5.46IC503500nMCHEMBL4525277
5.44IC503630nMCHEMBL4469712
5.39IC504100nMCHEMBL4128560
5.39Kd4044nMCHEMBL3752910
5.39ED504044nMCHEMBL3752910
5.37IC504300nMCHEMBL4127016
5.36IC504380nMCHEMBL4527910
5.16IC507000nMCHEMBL4109308
5.13IC507400nMCHLORAMPHENICOL SULFATE SALT
5.09IC508040nMCHEMBL4128250
5.08IC508370nMCHEMBL4128250
5.03IC509320nMCHEMBL4127016
5.03IC509240nMCHEMBL4128560

PubChem BioAssay actives

48 with measured affinity, of 209 total; 28 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

CompoundAssayTypeValueUnit
4-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-6-pyridin-3-ylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide2149287: Binding affinity to human RPS15 incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assaykd0.0149uM
N-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]-4-(triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-yl)benzamide1585498: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HuH7 cells expressing human C-terminal V5/6-His-tagged PCSK9 assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 secretion after 16 to 24 hrs by AlphaLISA methodic500.3000uM
N-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]-3-[4-(triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]propanamide1532845: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HuH7 cells harboring human PCSK9 (1 to 152 residues)-proLuc assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after overnight incubation by luciferase reporter gene assayic500.3800uM
N-isoquinolin-1-yl-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]-4-(triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-yl)benzamide1497947: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HuH7 cells harboring pCMV-truncated human PCSK9 (1 to 152 residues)-proLuc assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after overnight incubation by luciferase reporter gene assayic500.3900uM
N-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-4-(6-methyltriazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-yl)-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]benzamide1497947: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HuH7 cells harboring pCMV-truncated human PCSK9 (1 to 152 residues)-proLuc assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after overnight incubation by luciferase reporter gene assayic500.4100uM
N-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-4-(5-methyltriazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-yl)-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]benzamide1497947: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HuH7 cells harboring pCMV-truncated human PCSK9 (1 to 152 residues)-proLuc assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after overnight incubation by luciferase reporter gene assayic500.4500uM
N-(1-methylpyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-7-yl)-4-phenyl-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide1532846: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HeLa cells lysates using human full length PCSK9 encoding mRNAs assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after 45 mins by Steady-Glo luciferase reporter gene assayic500.5000uM
N-isoquinolin-1-yl-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]-4-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-ylbenzamide1497947: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HuH7 cells harboring pCMV-truncated human PCSK9 (1 to 152 residues)-proLuc assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after overnight incubation by luciferase reporter gene assayic500.6900uM
N-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]-5-(triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-yl)pyridine-2-carboxamide1497947: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HuH7 cells harboring pCMV-truncated human PCSK9 (1 to 152 residues)-proLuc assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after overnight incubation by luciferase reporter gene assayic500.7100uM
N-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-[5-(6-methyltriazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-yl)-2-pyridinyl]-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]propanamide1532845: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HuH7 cells harboring human PCSK9 (1 to 152 residues)-proLuc assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after overnight incubation by luciferase reporter gene assayic500.8500uM
N-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-5-(6-methyltriazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-yl)-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide1497947: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HuH7 cells harboring pCMV-truncated human PCSK9 (1 to 152 residues)-proLuc assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after overnight incubation by luciferase reporter gene assayic500.8500uM
N-(3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]-4-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-ylpiperidine-1-carboxamide1532846: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HeLa cells lysates using human full length PCSK9 encoding mRNAs assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after 45 mins by Steady-Glo luciferase reporter gene assayic500.9200uM
N-isoquinolin-1-yl-4-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]benzamide1497947: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HuH7 cells harboring pCMV-truncated human PCSK9 (1 to 152 residues)-proLuc assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after overnight incubation by luciferase reporter gene assayic501.0600uM
N-isoquinolin-1-yl-4-phenyl-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide1532846: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HeLa cells lysates using human full length PCSK9 encoding mRNAs assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after 45 mins by Steady-Glo luciferase reporter gene assayic501.5400uM
N-(3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-4-phenyl-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide1532845: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HuH7 cells harboring human PCSK9 (1 to 152 residues)-proLuc assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after overnight incubation by luciferase reporter gene assayic502.0500uM
N-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-4-phenyl-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide1532846: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HeLa cells lysates using human full length PCSK9 encoding mRNAs assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after 45 mins by Steady-Glo luciferase reporter gene assayic502.0800uM
N-(5,8-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]propanamide1584424: Inhibition of human 80S ribosome-mediated PCSK9 translation expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as reduction in PCSK9 secretionec502.2000uM
N-isoquinolin-1-yl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]propanamide1497947: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HuH7 cells harboring pCMV-truncated human PCSK9 (1 to 152 residues)-proLuc assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after overnight incubation by luciferase reporter gene assayic502.6300uM
N-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-4-(6-methylpyrazin-2-yl)-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]benzamide1497963: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HuH7 cells assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after overnight incubation by ELISAic502.8200uM
N-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-4-[6-(dimethylamino)pyrazin-2-yl]-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]benzamide1497963: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HuH7 cells assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after overnight incubation by ELISAic502.9700uM
N-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-4-[6-(methylamino)pyrazin-2-yl]-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]benzamide1497963: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HuH7 cells assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after overnight incubation by ELISAic503.0800uM
N-isoquinolin-1-yl-4-(6-methyl-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]piperazine-1-carboxamide1532845: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HuH7 cells harboring human PCSK9 (1 to 152 residues)-proLuc assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after overnight incubation by luciferase reporter gene assayic503.5000uM
N-(3-methylpyrazin-2-yl)-4-phenyl-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide1532846: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HeLa cells lysates using human full length PCSK9 encoding mRNAs assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after 45 mins by Steady-Glo luciferase reporter gene assayic503.6300uM
4-methyl-3-[(1-methyl-6-pyridin-3-ylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide2149287: Binding affinity to human RPS15 incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assaykd4.0439uM
N-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]-6-(triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide1497947: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HuH7 cells harboring pCMV-truncated human PCSK9 (1 to 152 residues)-proLuc assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after overnight incubation by luciferase reporter gene assayic504.1000uM
N-isoquinolin-1-yl-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]-4-pyrazin-2-ylbenzamide1497947: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HuH7 cells harboring pCMV-truncated human PCSK9 (1 to 152 residues)-proLuc assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after overnight incubation by luciferase reporter gene assayic504.3000uM
4-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-(3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]piperidine-1-carboxamide1532846: Binding affinity to 80S ribosome in human HeLa cells lysates using human full length PCSK9 encoding mRNAs assessed as inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA translation after 45 mins by Steady-Glo luciferase reporter gene assayic504.3800uM
2,2-dichloro-N-[(1R,2R)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-yl]acetamide;sulfuric acid717551: Inhibition of mitochondrial ribosome-mediated protein synthesis in human HeLa cells assessed as {35S]methionine incorporation by autoradiographyic507.4000uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

50 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Aciddecreases expression, increases expression, increases methylation, affects cotreatment5
bisphenol Aaffects expression, decreases expression4
sodium arseniteincreases activity, increases abundance, increases expression, decreases expression3
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideaffects cotreatment, decreases expression2
Arsenicdecreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression2
3-((6-(2-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)phenyl)methane sulfonamideaffects splicing1
2,4,6-tribromophenoldecreases expression1
methylmercuric chlorideincreases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
sodium arsenatedecreases expression1
decabromobiphenyl etherdecreases expression1
beta-lapachonedecreases expression1
arseniteaffects binding, increases reaction1
methylparabendecreases expression1
tetrabromobisphenol Adecreases expression1
ochratoxin Aincreases expression1
arsenic trichloridedecreases expression, increases abundance1
2,3,5-(triglutathion-S-yl)hydroquinonedecreases ADP-ribosylation1
CD 437decreases expression1
chloropicrinincreases expression1
erucylphospho-N,N,N-trimethylpropylammoniumdecreases expression1
3-(4’-hydroxy-3’-adamantylbiphenyl-4-yl)acrylic aciddecreases expression1
ICG 001increases expression1
bisphenol Bincreases expression1
abrinedecreases expression1
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidinsaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
dorsomorphinaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
pentabrominated diphenyl ether 100decreases expression1
hexabrominated diphenyl ether 153decreases expression1
bisphenol Sincreases expression1

ChEMBL screening assays

90 unique, capped per target: 90 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL1920845BindingInduction of ribosome to readthrough in human A-T lymphoblastoid cells assessed as ATM ser1981 autophosphorylation at 30 uM after 4 days by PTT-ELISA assaySynthesis and evaluation of compounds that induce readthrough of premature termination codons. — Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

38 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

TrialPhaseStatusTitle
NCT00673608PHASE4COMPLETEDMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Assessments of the Heart and Liver Iron Load in Patients With Transfusion Induced Iron Overload
NCT00235391PHASE3COMPLETEDExpanded Access of Deferasirox to Patients With Congenital Disorders of Red Blood Cells and Chronic Iron Overload
NCT00001962PHASE2TERMINATEDA Study to Determine Whether Therapy With Daclizumab Will Benefit Patients With Bone Marrow Failure
NCT00011505PHASE2COMPLETEDMobilization of Stem Cells With G-CSF for Collection From Patients With Diamond-Blackfan Anemia
NCT00301834PHASE2COMPLETEDAlemtuzumab, Fludarabine, and Busulfan Followed By Donor Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Young Patients With Hematologic Disorders
NCT00957931PHASE2COMPLETEDAllo-HCT MUD for Non-malignant Red Blood Cell (RBC) Disorders: Sickle Cell, Thal, and DBA: Reduced Intensity Conditioning, Co-tx MSCs
NCT01529827PHASE2COMPLETEDFludarabine Phosphate, Melphalan, and Low-Dose Total-Body Irradiation Followed by Donor Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Hematologic Malignancies
NCT02386267PHASE2UNKNOWNL-leucine in Diamond Blackfan Anemia Patients
NCT02512679PHASE2TERMINATEDRelated Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) for Genetic Diseases of Blood Cells
NCT03333486PHASE2TERMINATEDFludarabine Phosphate, Cyclophosphamide, Total Body Irradiation, and Donor Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Blood Cancer
NCT04099966PHASE2RECRUITINGAlloSCT for Malignant and Non-malignant Hematologic Diseases Utilizing Alpha/Beta T Cell and CD19+ B Cell Depletion
NCT04965597PHASE2COMPLETEDTreosulfan-Based Conditioning Regimen Before a Blood or Bone Marrow Transplant for the Treatment of Bone Marrow Failure Diseases (BMT CTN 1904)
NCT01586455PHASE1COMPLETEDHuman Placental-Derived Stem Cell Transplantation
NCT01917708PHASE1COMPLETEDBone Marrow Transplant With Abatacept for Non-Malignant Diseases
NCT00176852PHASE2/PHASE3COMPLETEDStem Cell Transplant for Hemoglobinopathy
NCT00176878PHASE2/PHASE3COMPLETEDStem Cell Transplant for Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes
NCT00305708PHASE1/PHASE2COMPLETEDBusulfan, Antithymocyte Globulin, and Fludarabine Followed By a Donor Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Young Patients With Blood Disorders, Bone Marrow Disorders, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia in First Chronic Phase, or Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Remission
NCT01362595PHASE1/PHASE2COMPLETEDPilot Phase I/II Study of Amino Acid Leucine in Treatment of Patients With Transfusion-Dependent Diamond Blackfan Anemia
NCT01419704PHASE1/PHASE2WITHDRAWNPhase I/II Pilot Study of Mixed Chimerism to Treat Hemoglobinopathies
NCT01464164PHASE1/PHASE2TERMINATEDSafety and Efficacy Study of Sotatercept in Adults With Transfusion Dependent Diamond Blackfan Anemia
NCT01966367PHASE1/PHASE2ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGCD34+ (Non-Malignant) Stem Cell Selection for Patients Receiving Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
NCT02065869PHASE1/PHASE2TERMINATEDSafety Study of Gene Modified Donor T-cells Following TCRαβ+ Depleted Stem Cell Transplant
NCT03513328PHASE1/PHASE2COMPLETEDConditioning Regimen for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation
NCT03653338PHASE1/PHASE2RECRUITINGT-Cell Depleted Alternative Donor Bone Marrow Transplant for Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and Other Anemias
NCT03733249PHASE1/PHASE2TERMINATEDLong Term Follow-up Study for Patients Enrolled on the BP-004 Clinical Study
NCT03966053PHASE1/PHASE2TERMINATEDThe Use of Trifluoperazine in Transfusion Dependent DBA
NCT00027274Not specifiedRECRUITINGCancer in Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes
NCT00244010Not specifiedCOMPLETEDPartially Matched Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With Refractory Severe Aplastic Anemia or Refractory Cytopenias
NCT00290628Not specifiedTERMINATEDDonor Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant in Treating Patients With Hematologic Cancer
NCT01114776Not specifiedCOMPLETEDMulti-Center Study of Iron Overload: Pilot Study
NCT01319851Not specifiedTERMINATEDAlefacept and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
NCT01758042Not specifiedCOMPLETEDBone Marrow and Kidney Transplant for Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Blood Disorders
NCT01913548Not specifiedCOMPLETEDMulti-Center Study of Iron Overload: Survey Study (MCSIO)
NCT02179359Not specifiedTERMINATEDHematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for High Risk Hemoglobinopathies
NCT02720679Not specifiedRECRUITINGInvestigation of the Genetics of Hematologic Diseases
NCT03050268Not specifiedRECRUITINGFamilial Investigations of Childhood Cancer Predisposition
NCT05687474Not specifiedCOMPLETEDBaby Detect : Genomic Newborn Screening
NCT07186179Not specifiedRECRUITINGMobilization of CD34+ Peripheral Blood Stem Cells in Patients With Diamond Blackfan Anemia Syndrome (DBAS)