RRP7A

Summary

RRP7A (ribosomal RNA processing 7 homolog A, HGNC:24286) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 22q13.2, encoding Ribosomal RNA-processing protein 7 homolog A (Q9Y3A4). Nucleolar protein that is involved in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing. It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 84.8% of cell lines).

Enables RNA binding activity. Involved in cilium disassembly; protein localization to nucleolus; and ribosome biogenesis. Located in several cellular components, including centrosome; cilium; and nuclear lumen. Part of small-subunit processome. Implicated in primary autosomal recessive microcephaly 28.

Source: NCBI Gene 27341 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): microcephaly 28, primary, autosomal recessive (Moderate, GenCC)
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 72 total — 1 pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 6
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 84.8% of screened cell lines
• MANE Select transcript: NM_015703

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:24286
Approved symbol	RRP7A
Name	ribosomal RNA processing 7 homolog A
Location	22q13.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	CGI-96, Rrp7
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000189306
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	619449
Entrez	27341

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 14 — 12 protein_coding, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000323013, ENST00000416699, ENST00000483303, ENST00000718430, ENST00000871842, ENST00000871843, ENST00000871844, ENST00000915990, ENST00000915991, ENST00000915992, ENST00000915993, ENST00000915994, ENST00000915995, ENST00000950948

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_015703 NM_015703

CCDS: CCDS14036

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000323013 — 7 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001244434	42514106	42514304
ENSE00002527726	42514682	42514779
ENSE00003624235	42515151	42515268
ENSE00003628918	42518005	42518147
ENSE00003646083	42516011	42516136
ENSE00004035065	42508344	42512995
ENSE00004035067	42519714	42519796

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 190 present calls, max score 90.96.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 16.7187 / max 113.1475, expressed in 1807 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
194431	14.8705	1799
194432	1.5367	878
194430	0.3116	83

Top tissues by expression

270 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	90.96	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	90.34	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	90.16	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	87.71	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	87.68	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	87.53	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	86.83	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	86.67	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	86.63	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	86.55	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	86.34	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	86.34	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	86.30	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	86.26	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	86.23	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	86.14	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	86.10	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	86.06	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	86.01	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	85.60	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	85.43	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	85.40	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	85.39	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	85.32	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	85.30	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	85.29	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	85.22	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	85.21	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	85.21	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	85.20	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	6.60
E-MTAB-6379	no	85.86

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

149 targeting RRP7A, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6867-5P	100.00	82.21	3464
HSA-MIR-5193	100.00	67.26	1744
HSA-MIR-4455	100.00	65.48	1587
HSA-MIR-4533	100.00	69.48	2758
HSA-MIR-4692	100.00	67.32	2066
HSA-MIR-7110-3P	100.00	73.18	2486
HSA-MIR-4673	100.00	66.64	1490
HSA-MIR-4283	100.00	66.42	2097
HSA-MIR-33A-5P	99.99	68.62	1055
HSA-MIR-33B-5P	99.99	68.58	1062
HSA-MIR-4514	99.99	67.10	1870
HSA-MIR-1184	99.99	68.19	1458
HSA-MIR-4645-5P	99.98	65.81	1284
HSA-MIR-6778-3P	99.96	67.29	2693
HSA-MIR-3658	99.96	73.87	4379
HSA-MIR-185-3P	99.95	67.01	1743
HSA-MIR-145-5P	99.92	71.13	1836
HSA-MIR-5195-3P	99.92	70.92	1877
HSA-MIR-6780A-5P	99.88	66.69	2776
HSA-MIR-221-5P	99.86	65.45	1052
HSA-MIR-8073	99.86	65.21	1118
HSA-MIR-4728-5P	99.85	69.39	4718
HSA-MIR-4447	99.85	67.81	2900
HSA-MIR-6785-5P	99.82	68.68	4428
HSA-MIR-6756-5P	99.82	67.97	2466
HSA-MIR-6842-5P	99.80	67.54	1587
HSA-MIR-7110-5P	99.80	67.84	1712
HSA-MIR-1273H-5P	99.77	66.32	2471
HSA-MIR-3934-3P	99.76	65.51	1351
HSA-MIR-3680-3P	99.75	72.51	3095

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 84.8% of screened cell lines.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 1)

• RRP7A links primary microcephaly to dysfunction of ribosome biogenesis, resorption of primary cilia, and neurogenesis. (PMID:33199730)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	rrp7a	ENSDARG00000098934
mus_musculus	Rrp7a	ENSMUSG00000018040
rattus_norvegicus	Rrp7a	ENSRNOG00000022896
drosophila_melanogaster	CG9107	FBGN0031764
caenorhabditis_elegans	ZC434.4	WBGENE00013892

Protein

Protein identifiers

Ribosomal RNA-processing protein 7 homolog A — Q9Y3A4 (reviewed: Q9Y3A4)

Alternative names: Gastric cancer antigen Zg14

All UniProt accessions (2): F8WAT7, Q9Y3A4

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Nucleolar protein that is involved in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing. Also plays a role in primary cilia resorption, and cell cycle progression in neurogenesis and neocortex development. Part of the small subunit (SSU) processome, first precursor of the small eukaryotic ribosomal subunit. During the assembly of the SSU processome in the nucleolus, many ribosome biogenesis factors, an RNA chaperone and ribosomal proteins associate with the nascent pre-rRNA and work in concert to generate RNA folding, modifications, rearrangements and cleavage as well as targeted degradation of pre-ribosomal RNA by the RNA exosome.

Subunit / interactions. Part of the small subunit (SSU) processome, composed of more than 70 proteins and the RNA chaperone small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) U3. Interacts with NOL6; required for NOL6 localization to nucleolus.

Subcellular location. Nucleus. Nucleolus. Cell projection. Cilium. Cytoplasm. Cytoskeleton. Microtubule organizing center. Centrosome.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in the apical radial glial cells in the developing brain.

Disease relevance. Microcephaly 28, primary, autosomal recessive (MCPH28) [MIM:619453] A form of microcephaly, a disease defined as a head circumference more than 3 standard deviations below the age, sex and ethnically matched mean. Brain weight is markedly reduced and the cerebral cortex is disproportionately small. MCPH28 is an autosomal recessive form characterized by reduced head size (down to -8 SD) and variably impaired intellectual development apparent from early childhood. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity. Belongs to the RRP7 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_056518* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR012677	Nucleotide-bd_a/b_plait_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR024326	RRP7_C	Domain
IPR034890	Rrp7A_RRM	Domain
IPR035979	RBD_domain_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR040446	RRP7	Family
IPR040447	RRM_Rrp7	Domain

Pfam: PF12923, PF17799

UniProt features (9 total): sequence variant 4, sequence conflict 2, chain 1, domain 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

3 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
7MQA	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.7
7MQ8	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.6
7MQ9	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.87

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9Y3A4-F1	79.56	0.23

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 99

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

5 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-6790901	rRNA modification in the nucleus and cytosol
R-HSA-6791226	Major pathway of rRNA processing in the nucleolus and cytosol
R-HSA-72312	rRNA processing
R-HSA-8868773	rRNA processing in the nucleus and cytosol
R-HSA-8953854	Metabolism of RNA

MSigDB gene sets: 177 (showing top): GSE45365_CD8A_DC_VS_CD11B_DC_IFNAR_KO_DN, GOBP_RIBOSOME_BIOGENESIS, GOBP_EMBRYO_DEVELOPMENT_ENDING_IN_BIRTH_OR_EGG_HATCHING, GOBP_MATURATION_OF_SSU_RRNA, STARK_PREFRONTAL_CORTEX_22Q11_DELETION_DN, GOBP_RIBOSOME_ASSEMBLY, MODULE_16, GOBP_BLASTOCYST_FORMATION, GARGALOVIC_RESPONSE_TO_OXIDIZED_PHOSPHOLIPIDS_BLUE_UP, GOCC_MICROTUBULE_ORGANIZING_CENTER, MONNIER_POSTRADIATION_TUMOR_ESCAPE_UP, PUJANA_CHEK2_PCC_NETWORK, MODULE_118, GOBP_IN_UTERO_EMBRYONIC_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_RIBOSOMAL_SMALL_SUBUNIT_BIOGENESIS

GO Biological Process (7): ribosomal small subunit assembly (GO:0000028), blastocyst formation (GO:0001825), rRNA processing (GO:0006364), ribosome biogenesis (GO:0042254), ribosomal small subunit biogenesis (GO:0042274), cilium disassembly (GO:0061523), protein localization to nucleolus (GO:1902570)

GO Molecular Function (3): RNA binding (GO:0003723), nucleic acid binding (GO:0003676), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (12): nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), nucleolus (GO:0005730), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), centrosome (GO:0005813), cilium (GO:0005929), cell junction (GO:0030054), small-subunit processome (GO:0032040), CURI complex (GO:0032545), UTP-C complex (GO:0034456), nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856), cell projection (GO:0042995)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

Category	Pathways
rRNA processing in the nucleus and cytosol	2
Metabolism of RNA	1
rRNA processing	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	4
nuclear protein-containing complex	3
ribosome biogenesis	2
ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis	2
binding	2
nuclear lumen	2
intracellular membraneless organelle	2
nucleolus	2
protein-RNA complex assembly	1
ribosome assembly	1
ribosomal small subunit biogenesis	1
blastocyst development	1
anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis	1
RNA processing	1
rRNA metabolic process	1
cilium organization	1
organelle disassembly	1
protein localization to nucleus	1
nucleic acid binding	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
centriole	1
microtubule organizing center	1
intraciliary transport particle	1
membrane-bounded organelle	1
plasma membrane bounded cell projection	1
preribosome	1
t-UTP complex	1
90S preribosome	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1891 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
RRP7A	NOL6	Q9H6R4	992
RRP7A	CSNK2A1	P19138	891
RRP7A	CSNK2B	P07312	874
RRP7A	PDCD11	Q14690	785
RRP7A	DDX52	Q9Y2R4	744
RRP7A	KRR1	Q13601	692
RRP7A	UTP20	O75691	689
RRP7A	PWP2	Q15269	678
RRP7A	WDR43	Q15061	671
RRP7A	UTP6	Q9NYH9	664
RRP7A	HEATR1	Q9H583	664
RRP7A	UTP18	Q9Y5J1	657
RRP7A	RCL1	Q9Y2P8	640
RRP7A	UTP4	Q969X6	607
RRP7A	BMS1	Q14692	604

IntAct

82 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.710
TFIP11	RRP7A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
RRP7A	TFIP11	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
LRRC46	TFPT	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
ARMC7	RRP7A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CDCA7L	RRP7A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GADD45G	RRP7A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
RRP7A	CDCA7L	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MECP2	GTPBP10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ZNF512	ZNF724	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RPL18	NOP56	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RPL18A	RRP8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ZBTB48	ZBTB24	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NAP1L5	RPS2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RPS3	ZNF316	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RRP7A	ATP4A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ABT1	ZNF316	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530

BioGRID (141): RRP7A (Two-hybrid), RRP7A (Affinity Capture-MS), ATP4A (Affinity Capture-MS), STXBP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CRMP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), DPYSL3 (Affinity Capture-MS), DPYSL2 (Affinity Capture-MS), NOL6 (Affinity Capture-MS), GNG2 (Affinity Capture-MS), CAMK2A (Affinity Capture-MS), HIST2H3PS2 (Affinity Capture-MS), RRP7A (Affinity Capture-MS), RRP7A (Affinity Capture-MS), RPL24 (Co-fractionation), RPS7 (Co-fractionation)

ESM2 similar proteins: B0K012, D3ZV31, O09172, O35465, O60613, O75817, P0CL18, P24522, P41214, P48507, P50747, Q0II25, Q0V8R7, Q14318, Q1JQA1, Q2TBK2, Q3B7U9, Q3T0J1, Q3U2J5, Q3UX43, Q3ZBN6, Q496Y0, Q58CR3, Q5BK68, Q5C9Z4, Q5PPG7, Q5RA17, Q5RA63, Q5ZLS2, Q60GI5, Q641X9, Q6NYU2, Q7T076, Q80YV4, Q86WV5, Q8BKW4, Q8BXK4, Q8CHQ0, Q8K2D3, Q8K2I9

Diamond homologs: O94683, P25368, Q9D1C9, Q9NSQ0, Q9Y3A4, Q5RA17, Q23314

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 97 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Eukaryotic Translation Initiation	6	29.4×	2e-06
Cap-dependent Translation Initiation	6	29.4×	2e-06
SARS-CoV-1 modulates host translation machinery	6	29.4×	2e-06
Eukaryotic Translation Elongation	6	26.5×	2e-06
Activation of the mRNA upon binding of the cap-binding complex and eIFs, and subsequent binding to 43S	6	25.9×	2e-06
rRNA processing in the nucleus and cytosol	9	23.0×	3e-08
Nonsense-Mediated Decay (NMD)	6	22.2×	5e-06
SARS-CoV-2 modulates host translation machinery	6	21.3×	6e-06

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
cytoplasmic translation	8	16.6×	1e-05
ribosomal small subunit biogenesis	6	15.3×	4e-04
rRNA processing	7	11.1×	4e-04
translation	9	10.4×	5e-05

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

72 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	1
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	53
Likely benign	4
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1184440	NM_015703.5(RRP7A):c.465G>C (p.Trp155Cys)	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

944 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
22:42512991:TAGAT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:42512993:GAT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:42512994:AT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:42512996:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:42512996:C:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
22:42512997:T:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
22:42513002:G:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:42513002:G:GC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:42514104:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
22:42514104:ACGCT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
22:42514105:C:CA	donor_gain	1.0000
22:42514105:CG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
22:42514105:CGCT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
22:42514105:CGCTC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
22:42514108:T:A	donor_gain	1.0000
22:42514302:TTCC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
22:42514678:CTACC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
22:42514679:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
22:42514680:ACCT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
22:42514776:CACT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:42514778:CT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:42514780:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:42515146:CTAA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
22:42515149:A:C	donor_gain	1.0000
22:42515150:C:CA	donor_loss	1.0000
22:42515150:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
22:42515150:CT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
22:42515265:AACC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:42515266:ACC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:42515267:CCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1810 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
22:42512922:G:C	F277L	0.998
22:42512922:G:T	F277L	0.998
22:42512924:A:G	F277L	0.998
22:42512970:G:C	F261L	0.997
22:42512970:G:T	F261L	0.997
22:42512972:A:G	F261L	0.997
22:42514254:C:A	W203C	0.996
22:42514254:C:G	W203C	0.996
22:42512983:A:G	L257P	0.995
22:42514256:A:G	W203R	0.994
22:42514256:A:T	W203R	0.994
22:42512923:A:C	F277C	0.993
22:42512923:A:G	F277S	0.993
22:42512930:G:T	R275S	0.992
22:42512963:C:G	D264H	0.992
22:42512980:C:G	R258P	0.992
22:42512981:G:T	R258S	0.992
22:42512958:C:A	K265N	0.991
22:42512958:C:G	K265N	0.991
22:42512971:A:C	F261C	0.991
22:42512962:T:A	D264V	0.988
22:42512929:C:G	R275P	0.986
22:42512971:A:G	F261S	0.986
22:42514141:A:G	F241S	0.986
22:42514255:C:G	W203S	0.985
22:42518033:A:T	V63D	0.985
22:42512936:C:G	A273P	0.984
22:42514133:A:G	W244R	0.984
22:42514133:A:T	W244R	0.984
22:42514123:C:G	R247P	0.983

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000237348 (22:42519634 G>A), RS1000453511 (22:42510506 G>A,T), RS1000749859 (22:42514885 G>A), RS1001187455 (22:42518499 C>G), RS1001238180 (22:42518855 C>T), RS1001353801 (22:42513885 A>G), RS1001457710 (22:42509628 C>A), RS1002026652 (22:42521579 T>C), RS1002176858 (22:42517330 G>A,T), RS1002744032 (22:42512714 C>T), RS1003076570 (22:42520736 ACCCGCCAG>A), RS1003237183 (22:42520373 G>T), RS1003435550 (22:42520534 C>T), RS1003646459 (22:42516351 G>C,T), RS1004187144 (22:42517814 C>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:619449 | disease phenotypes: MIM:619453

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
microcephaly 28, primary, autosomal recessive	Moderate	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (1): microcephaly 28, primary, autosomal recessive (MONDO:0030339)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

6 total (6 of 6 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000252	Microcephaly
HP:0000340	Sloping forehead
HP:0000750	Delayed speech and language development
HP:0001249	Intellectual disability
HP:0003577	Congenital onset

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB clinical annotations

1 annotations.

Variant	Type	Level	Drugs	Phenotypes
rs11553441	Efficacy	3	methylphenidate	Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

PharmGKB variants

1 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs11553441	RRP7A	3	0.00	1	methylphenidate

CTD chemical–gene interactions

39 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Smoke	increases expression, decreases expression, increases abundance	2
afuresertib	decreases expression	1
TAK-243	increases sumoylation	1
testosterone enanthate	affects expression	1
pirinixic acid	affects binding, decreases expression, increases activity	1
trichostatin A	affects expression	1
sodium arsenite	increases abundance, increases expression	1
cobaltous chloride	decreases expression	1
zinc chromate	increases abundance, decreases expression	1
benzo(e)pyrene	increases methylation	1
coumarin	increases phosphorylation	1
chromium hexavalent ion	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
K 7174	decreases expression	1
ICG 001	decreases expression	1
NSC 689534	affects binding, decreases expression	1
Temozolomide	decreases expression	1
Decitabine	increases expression	1
Acetaminophen	increases expression	1
Air Pollutants	increases expression, increases abundance	1
Arsenic	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation	1
Copper	affects binding, decreases expression	1
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene	increases expression	1
Demecolcine	decreases expression	1
Dimethyl Sulfoxide	decreases expression	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Ethyl Methanesulfonate	decreases expression	1
Formaldehyde	decreases expression	1
Methapyrilene	increases methylation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.