RTN1

Summary

RTN1 (reticulon 1, HGNC:10467) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 14q23.1, encoding Reticulon-1 (Q16799). Inhibits amyloid precursor protein processing, probably by blocking BACE1 activity.

This gene belongs to the family of reticulon encoding genes. Reticulons are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, and are involved in neuroendocrine secretion or in membrane trafficking in neuroendocrine cells. This gene is considered to be a specific marker for neurological diseases and cancer, and is a potential molecular target for therapy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 6252 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 5
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 32 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_021136

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:10467
Approved symbol	RTN1
Name	reticulon 1
Location	14q23.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000139970
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	600865
Entrez	6252

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 11 — 6 protein_coding, 4 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000267484, ENST00000342503, ENST00000395090, ENST00000432103, ENST00000474911, ENST00000481205, ENST00000490111, ENST00000557422, ENST00000870305, ENST00000966440, ENST00000966441

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_021136 NM_001363702, NM_021136, NM_206852

CCDS: CCDS86396, CCDS9740, CCDS9741

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000267484 — 9 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001094801	59726919	59727668
ENSE00001094803	59870390	59870776
ENSE00001094805	59745708	59746481
ENSE00003461732	59603212	59603258
ENSE00003509102	59603065	59603123
ENSE00003582620	59603852	59603921
ENSE00003588838	59605368	59605506
ENSE00003661288	59607285	59607492
ENSE00003845453	59595983	59596787

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 270 present calls, max score 99.99.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 48.0322 / max 2103.0199, expressed in 878 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (21 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
143472	32.8944	382
143492	10.0518	800
143474	2.5537	182
143473	0.7682	132
143491	0.5914	159
143471	0.2806	93
143475	0.2384	96
207241	0.1548	75
143493	0.1093	68
143469	0.0950	41

Top tissues by expression

298 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	99.99	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	99.98	gold quality
pons	UBERON:0000988	99.86	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	99.85	gold quality
orbitofrontal cortex	UBERON:0004167	99.85	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	99.85	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	99.84	gold quality
parietal lobe	UBERON:0001872	99.82	gold quality
substantia nigra pars compacta	UBERON:0001965	99.82	gold quality
occipital lobe	UBERON:0002021	99.82	gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	UBERON:0002736	99.82	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	99.81	gold quality
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve	UBERON:0002870	99.81	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	99.81	gold quality
postcentral gyrus	UBERON:0002581	99.80	gold quality
entorhinal cortex	UBERON:0002728	99.80	gold quality
superior vestibular nucleus	UBERON:0007227	99.80	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	99.79	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	99.78	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	99.78	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	99.76	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	99.75	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	99.74	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	99.71	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	99.71	gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulata	UBERON:0001966	99.70	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	99.68	gold quality
medulla oblongata	UBERON:0001896	99.68	gold quality
frontal lobe	UBERON:0016525	99.68	gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampus	UBERON:0003881	99.66	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 17 experiment(s), a significant marker in 16.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-9154	yes	3785.08
E-GEOD-93593	yes	2962.37
E-MTAB-8894	yes	2409.50
E-HCAD-56	yes	1965.87
E-MTAB-10485	yes	1705.94
E-MTAB-6911	yes	1393.50
E-GEOD-75140	yes	1283.04
E-MTAB-7316	yes	1007.26
E-HCAD-5	yes	60.05
E-HCAD-35	yes	52.06
E-HCAD-25	yes	36.85
E-GEOD-84465	yes	23.15
E-MTAB-5061	yes	13.57
E-ANND-3	yes	5.25
E-HCAD-10	yes	5.07

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 22)

• RTN1-A and RTN1-B share N-terminal 168 amino acid region, suggesting that the 168 amino acid region might play a role in regulating the endocytic process (PMID:14995077)
• Data demonstrate that reticulon 1 interacts specifically with spastin. (PMID:16602018)
• analyzed the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localization signal of human RTN1-A. Mutant proteins lacking the first (39 residues) or second (36 residues) hydrophobic segment showed ER localization (PMID:17303085)
• These data indicate that RTN-1C is able to modulate the cellular sensitivity to different apoptotic pathways representing a promising molecular target for new drug development. (PMID:17596210)
• Nucleic acid binding of the RTN1-C C terminal region is reported with a view towards the functional role of a reticulon protein. (PMID:19140693)
• RTN-1C protein binds to DNA and that its biological function is regulated by acetylation and is coupled to the inhibition of HDAC activity. (PMID:19668229)
• RTN-1C is able to specifically regulate gene expression, modulating transcript clusters which have been implicated in the onset of neurodegenerative disorders (PMID:20708685)
• In the present study a potential metal ion binding motif (HxE/D) at the C-terminal of the RTN1-C has been identified and its capability to bind metals investigated by UV-vis, CD, multidimensional NMR spectroscopy and biological assays. (PMID:22522967)
• RTN1-C induces PDI redistribution in endoplasmic reticulum vesicles, and concomitantly modulates its activity by decreasing the levels of its S-nitrosylated form. (PMID:23559015)
• MANF is a protein that interacts with RTN1-C (PMID:25543119)
• RTN-1C involvement in the regulation of Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria cross-talk, defines a role for RTN-1C in maintaining the function of contacts between the two organelles. (PMID:25573430)
• RTN1A contributes to progression of kidney disease by inducing ER stress. (PMID:26227493)
• Results suggest evidence of genetic association between common variants in RTN1 and end-stage kidney disease in African-Americans and European-Americans. (PMID:26496126)
• RTN1A is a key mediator for proteinuria-induced tubular cell toxicity and renal fibrosis. (PMID:26739891)
• Results show that mice deficient in RTN1 are generally normal and that RTN1 is a predominantly expressed in the nervous system, mainly in neurons. In neurons, RTN1 is enriched in dendrites. Also, RTN1 deficiency shows no obvious effects on BACE1 activity due to compensation by RTN3, as RTN1 deficiency causes elevation of RTN3 expression suggesting that RTN1 does not have a prominent role in Alzheimer’s pathogenesis. (PMID:28733667)
• Data suggest that reticulon 1A (RTN1A) functions not only as an endoplasmic reticulum-shaping protein but also as a protein that promotes contacts between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. (PMID:28760823)
• Study findings show that RTN1A is a marker for cells of the dendritic lineage, including Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells. (PMID:29369773)
• Prognostic efficacy of the RTN1 gene in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. (PMID:34702929)
• Reticulon-1A mediates diabetic kidney disease progression through endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial contacts in tubular epithelial cells. (PMID:35469894)
• [The Expression of RTN1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Its Effect on Immune Microenvironment]. (PMID:35747917)
• CircRTN1 acts as a miR-431-5p sponge to promote thyroid cancer progression by upregulating TGFA. (PMID:35804263)
• Interoperability of RTN1A in dendrite dynamics and immune functions in human Langerhans cells. (PMID:36223176)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	rtn1b	ENSDARG00000021143
mus_musculus	Rtn1	ENSMUSG00000021087
rattus_norvegicus	Rtn1	ENSRNOG00000004794
drosophila_melanogaster	Rtnl2	FBGN0015831
drosophila_melanogaster	Rtnl1	FBGN0053113

Paralogs (4): RTN4 (ENSG00000115310), RTN2 (ENSG00000125744), RTN3 (ENSG00000133318), PRR18 (ENSG00000176381)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Reticulon-1 — Q16799 (reviewed: Q16799)

Alternative names: Neuroendocrine-specific protein

All UniProt accessions (2): Q16799, A8MT72

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Inhibits amyloid precursor protein processing, probably by blocking BACE1 activity.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with NDRG1. Interacts with BACE1. Interacts with TMEM33. Interacts with UGCG; regulates the ceramide glucosyltransferase activity of UGCG.

Subcellular location. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Golgi apparatus membrane.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in neural and neuroendocrine tissues and cell cultures derived therefrom. Expression of isoform RTN1-C is strongly correlated with neuronal differentiation.

Post-translational modifications. Isoforms RTN1-A and RTN1-B are phosphorylated.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q16799-1	RTN1-A, NSP-A	yes
Q16799-2	RTN1-B, NSP-B
Q16799-3	RTN1-C, NSP-C

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001350631, NP_066959, NP_996734 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR003388	Reticulon	Domain
IPR046964	RTN1-4	Family

Pfam: PF02453

UniProt features (19 total): modified residue 4, region of interest 4, splice variant 3, transmembrane region 2, sequence variant 2, compositionally biased region 2, chain 1, domain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q16799-F1	48.88	0.13

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (4): 327, 350, 352, 487

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 327 (showing top): GSE18804_SPLEEN_MACROPHAGE_VS_BRAIN_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_UP, GSE18804_SPLEEN_MACROPHAGE_VS_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_UP, GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD11B_DC_UP, GNF2_RTN1, TGCACTT_MIR519C_MIR519B_MIR519A, AREB6_01, GOBP_NEUROGENESIS, AAAYRNCTG_UNKNOWN, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_AMIDE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, HANN_RESISTANCE_TO_BCL2_INHIBITOR_UP, EVI1_05, MODULE_66, MARTORIATI_MDM4_TARGETS_NEUROEPITHELIUM_DN, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_AMYLOID_PRECURSOR_PROTEIN_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, DOANE_RESPONSE_TO_ANDROGEN_DN

GO Biological Process (5): brain development (GO:0007420), neuron differentiation (GO:0030182), endoplasmic reticulum tubular network formation (GO:0071787), negative regulation of amyloid-beta formation (GO:1902430), endoplasmic reticulum tubular network membrane organization (GO:1990809)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (10): Golgi membrane (GO:0000139), endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783), endoplasmic reticulum membrane (GO:0005789), postsynaptic density (GO:0014069), nuclear body (GO:0016604), dendrite (GO:0030425), neuron projection (GO:0043005), neuronal cell body (GO:0043025), Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794), membrane (GO:0016020)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization	2
cytoplasm	2
endomembrane system	2
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	2
central nervous system development	1
animal organ development	1
head development	1
cell differentiation	1
generation of neurons	1
cellular component assembly	1
amyloid-beta formation	1
regulation of amyloid-beta formation	1
negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process	1
endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization	1
binding	1
Golgi apparatus	1
bounding membrane of organelle	1
organelle membrane	1
nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network	1
endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment	1
asymmetric synapse	1
postsynaptic specialization	1
nucleoplasm	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
neuron projection	1
dendritic tree	1
plasma membrane bounded cell projection	1
somatodendritic compartment	1
cell body	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2142 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
RTN1	SPAST	Q9UBP0	896
RTN1	REEP5	Q00765	885
RTN1	ATL3	Q6DD88	860
RTN1	ATL2	Q8NHH9	857
RTN1	ATL1	Q8WXF7	822
RTN1	TMEM33	P57088	802
RTN1	BACE1	P56817	702
RTN1	RTN2	O75298	687
RTN1	NUS1	Q96E22	651
RTN1	MANF	P55145	649
RTN1	SSNA1	O43805	635
RTN1	SEC63	Q9UGP8	625
RTN1	GABARAP	O95166	608
RTN1	ZFYVE27	Q5T4F4	605
RTN1	ZFYVE26	Q68DK2	586

IntAct

43 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
GYPB	TCAF2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FAM241A	NRP1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MANF	RTN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.460
RTN1	MANF	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.460
RTN1	ADRB2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
RTN1	CCR4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
RTN1	DRD2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
RTN1	F2RL1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
RTN1	CHRM5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
RTN1	yopB	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
RTN1	rstB	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
ECE1	RTN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
RTN1	FHIP1B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
RTN1	PLEKHF2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
PRNP	CARNS1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PRNP	WDR91	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MAPT	SHTN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CEP63	CIBAR1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RIMS1	KIF2A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RTN4	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RTN1	TMEM120B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
IFITM3	PRAF2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RTN3	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RTN1	SMARCA5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DHCR24	WFS1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TMEM169	PTGES3L-AARSD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SLC7A1	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SLC7A14	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (155): SDCBP (Two-hybrid), RTN1 (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM160A2 (Two-hybrid), PLEKHF2 (Two-hybrid), RTN1 (Two-hybrid), RTN1 (Two-hybrid), RTN1 (Two-hybrid), DYRK2 (Affinity Capture-MS), RTN4 (Affinity Capture-MS), RTN2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PLSCR1 (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM210B (Affinity Capture-MS), METTL7A (Affinity Capture-MS), C4orf32 (Affinity Capture-MS), RTN1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A8I5ZN27, A6X8Z5, E1AZ71, F1N8V3, O35668, O54963, O70318, P20689, P48165, P51954, P54256, P54257, P55917, P62025, P70278, Q01538, Q13029, Q13127, Q14028, Q16799, Q28139, Q28181, Q2M1Z3, Q3SYS4, Q3UH66, Q4KMM3, Q4V8B0, Q5DW34, Q5IS59, Q5TCY1, Q62100, Q63HN8, Q640N3, Q64548, Q6IR42, Q6PCN3, Q7Z6I6, Q811Q2, Q8BYM7, Q8C5W0

Diamond homologs: A7MC64, O70622, O75298, O95197, Q08D83, Q16799, Q28D16, Q4FZ58, Q4FZ76, Q5IS59, Q5J6M8, Q5MY90, Q5RBL9, Q64548, Q68EW1, Q6IFY7, Q6RJR6, Q6WN19, Q8K0T0, Q99P72, Q9ES97, Q9JK11, Q9NQC3, Q6NPD8, Q9SH59

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

32 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	19
Likely benign	1
Benign	7

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1339 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
14:59603063:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
14:59603064:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
14:59603841:T:C	donor_gain	1.0000
14:59603846:TCTTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
14:59603847:CTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
14:59603848:TTAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
14:59603849:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
14:59603850:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
14:59603850:A:C	donor_loss	1.0000
14:59603850:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
14:59603851:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
14:59603851:C:G	donor_loss	1.0000
14:59603851:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
14:59603918:CAAA:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:59603920:AA:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:59603922:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:59605366:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
14:59605367:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
14:59605387:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
14:59605406:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
14:59605411:AGTT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
14:59605414:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
14:59607278:CACT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
14:59607281:TCA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
14:59607282:CA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
14:59607283:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
14:59607284:C:CT	donor_gain	1.0000
14:59607284:CTTGA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
14:59607490:TAG:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:59603064:CTTTG:C	donor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

5003 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
14:59603906:A:G	W710R	1.000
14:59603906:A:T	W710R	1.000
14:59607347:A:C	S637R	1.000
14:59607347:A:T	S637R	1.000
14:59607349:T:G	S637R	1.000
14:59607392:G:C	S622R	1.000
14:59607392:G:T	S622R	1.000
14:59607394:T:G	S622R	1.000
14:59607401:G:C	S619R	1.000
14:59607401:G:T	S619R	1.000
14:59607403:T:G	S619R	1.000
14:59603872:C:T	G721D	0.999
14:59603887:C:T	G716D	0.999
14:59603888:C:G	G716R	0.999
14:59605411:A:G	L690P	0.999
14:59607319:C:G	A647P	0.999
14:59607327:A:T	V644D	0.999
14:59607342:C:G	R639P	0.999
14:59607363:A:G	L632P	0.999
14:59607372:A:G	L629P	0.999
14:59607384:G:T	A625D	0.999
14:59607437:A:C	S607R	0.999
14:59607437:A:T	S607R	0.999
14:59607439:T:G	S607R	0.999
14:59603873:C:G	G721R	0.998
14:59603874:A:C	N720K	0.998
14:59603874:A:T	N720K	0.998
14:59603888:C:A	G716C	0.998
14:59603902:A:G	L711P	0.998
14:59603914:A:T	V707D	0.998

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000006785 (14:59756691 T>C), RS1000015672 (14:59805182 C>T), RS1000020589 (14:59814986 T>C), RS1000020971 (14:59606630 T>C), RS1000027637 (14:59833759 G>T), RS1000029140 (14:59718203 A>G), RS1000031357 (14:59859459 T>C), RS1000036537 (14:59841904 A>G), RS1000068830 (14:59769046 T>A,C), RS1000079266 (14:59612323 C>G,T), RS1000090379 (14:59866396 A>C), RS1000104603 (14:59761622 A>T), RS1000127703 (14:59599086 A>AT), RS1000129105 (14:59767700 G>C), RS1000154302 (14:59612630 C>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:600865 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

5 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST007201_184	Schizophrenia	8.000000e-08
GCST007201_351	Schizophrenia	3.000000e-06
GCST007257_13	Broad depression or schizophrenia	8.000000e-10
GCST009262_7	Putamen volume	5.000000e-07
GCST009600_113	Anorexia nervosa, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, or Tourette syndrome (pleiotropy)	2.000000e-08

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

48 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects expression, increases expression, increases methylation	8
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases expression, increases expression, increases methylation	4
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	3
sodium arsenite	increases expression, affects methylation, increases abundance	2
entinostat	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
belinostat	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Vorinostat	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Panobinostat	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Acetaminophen	affects expression, decreases expression	2
Arsenic	affects methylation, increases abundance, increases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	2
bisphenol F	increases methylation	1
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
pirinixic acid	affects binding, decreases expression, increases activity	1
bisphenol A	decreases expression	1
methylparaben	decreases expression	1
tobacco tar	increases expression	1
aflatoxin B2	increases methylation	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	decreases expression	1
beta-methylcholine	affects expression	1
arsenic disulfide	decreases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid	decreases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
N-butyrylglucosamine	increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
2,3,5-trichloro-6-phenyl-(1,4)benzoquinone	increases expression	1
Amphotericin B	decreases expression	1
Cytarabine	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.