RWDD3

Summary

RWDD3 (RWD domain containing 3, HGNC:21393) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1p21.3, encoding RWD domain-containing protein 3 (Q9Y3V2). Enhancer of SUMO conjugation.

Involved in negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; positive regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway; and positive regulation of protein sumoylation. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus.

Source: NCBI Gene 25950 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 10
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 36 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_015485

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:21393
Approved symbol	RWDD3
Name	RWD domain containing 3
Location	1p21.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	DKFZP566K023, RSUME
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000122481
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	615875
Entrez	25950

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 14 — 9 protein_coding, 5 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000263893, ENST00000370202, ENST00000460571, ENST00000473397, ENST00000492639, ENST00000495272, ENST00000497058, ENST00000885950, ENST00000885951, ENST00000930351, ENST00000930352, ENST00000930353, ENST00000930354, ENST00000930355

RefSeq mRNA: 5 — MANE Select: NM_015485 NM_001128142, NM_001199682, NM_001278247, NM_001278248, NM_015485

CCDS: CCDS41357, CCDS44177

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000370202 — 4 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001452058	95234210	95234315
ENSE00003459137	95246756	95247225
ENSE00003611796	95244211	95244698
ENSE00003662186	95246542	95246657

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 140 present calls, max score 93.85.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 14.1266 / max 110.7990, expressed in 1800 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
4126	11.9406	1789
4125	2.1860	1212

Top tissues by expression

143 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	93.85	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	93.62	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	92.63	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	92.15	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	91.76	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	91.71	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	91.45	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	91.31	gold quality
temporal lobe	UBERON:0001871	91.27	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	91.05	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	91.01	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	90.93	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	90.91	gold quality
uterus	UBERON:0000995	90.77	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	90.66	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	90.64	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	90.60	gold quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	90.55	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	90.41	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	90.29	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	90.26	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	90.26	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	90.22	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	90.20	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	90.16	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	89.99	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	89.95	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	89.94	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	89.82	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	89.80	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	5.82

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

27 targeting RWDD3, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-548AW	99.99	72.57	3559
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-196A-1-3P	99.99	72.15	2772
HSA-MIR-5696	99.98	72.36	4487
HSA-MIR-3065-5P	99.97	71.56	3281
HSA-MIR-381-3P	99.93	71.87	2854
HSA-MIR-300	99.92	71.76	2856
HSA-MIR-7-2-3P	99.91	71.40	4394
HSA-MIR-7-1-3P	99.91	71.53	4384
HSA-MIR-9902	99.89	69.15	2250
HSA-MIR-3919	99.87	69.45	2489
HSA-MIR-221-5P	99.86	65.45	1052
HSA-MIR-8073	99.86	65.21	1118
HSA-MIR-6875-3P	99.82	70.26	2983
HSA-MIR-4659A-3P	99.80	72.62	4248
HSA-MIR-4659B-3P	99.80	72.62	4248
HSA-MIR-4255	99.72	67.70	1541
HSA-MIR-4729	99.69	72.18	4233
HSA-MIR-4470	99.66	69.35	1767
HSA-MIR-6516-3P	99.65	68.57	1238
HSA-MIR-3128	99.50	67.85	1258
HSA-MIR-889-3P	99.40	69.76	2103
HSA-MIR-6853-3P	99.36	70.79	1558
HSA-MIR-4796-5P	99.34	70.06	810
HSA-MIR-5701	98.97	69.54	1502
HSA-MIR-124-5P	98.11	67.65	1095
HSA-MIR-4670-3P	97.37	68.35	1378

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 14)

• RSUME plays a central role in the regulation of sumoylation and, hence, several critical regulatory pathways in mammalian cells [RSUME]. (PMID:17956732)
• BMP-4 and RSUME may be interesting targets for inhibiting steps involved in pituitary tumorigenesis. (PMID:19407504)
• RSUME critically regulates HIF-1a and VEGF-A production and thus might play an important role in pituitary tumour neovascularisation (PMID:22009797)
• this study failed to replicate a GWAS reporting an association between the 2 SNPs rs2296308 in RWDD3 and rs1829 in the intron of TECTA and time to neuropathy in ovarian cancer patients treated with paclitaxel (PMID:22877241)
• a degree of redundancy of the RSUME variants on the SUMO pathway (PMID:23469069)
• RSUME interacts with glucocorticoid receptor and increases its SUMOylation and transcriptional activity, pointing to SUMO conjugation as the cause for transcriptional stimulation. (PMID:23508108)
• RSUME is expressed in VHL tumors and inhibits VHL and regulates its tumor suppressor function. (PMID:25500545)
• the present report suggest that the association of RWDD3 and TECTA with paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy may have been a false positive signal (PMID:25549536)
• an important role of RSUME in cancer and inflammation (PMID:26297826)
• RSUME has a role in tumorigenesis and metastasis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PMID:27506944)
• RSUME affects post-transcriptional expression of HIF-1a by regulating VEGF-A secretion and pituitary adenoma cells invasiveness. (PMID:27989771)
• We found that PTTG overexpression in pituitary tumor cells is explained by its protein stabilization, is regulated by RSUME and accounts for PTTG tumor abundance and pathogenic action. There is no evidence so far that this mechanism operates in normal cells. This finding puts in a central role the protein stabilization-overexpression of proto-oncogenes as major regulators of cellular dysfunction. (PMID:29622689)
• The results show RSUME involvement in von Hippel-Lindau mutants deregulation that leads to the angiogenic phenotype of renal cell carcinoma tumors. (PMID:30890701)
• Impact of RSUME Actions on Biomolecular Modifications in Physio-Pathological Processes. (PMID:35528020)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Rwdd3	ENSMUSG00000028133
rattus_norvegicus	Rwdd3	ENSRNOG00000029893

Protein

Protein identifiers

RWD domain-containing protein 3 — Q9Y3V2 (reviewed: Q9Y3V2)

Alternative names: RWD domain-containing sumoylation enhancer

All UniProt accessions (1): Q9Y3V2

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Enhancer of SUMO conjugation. Via its interaction with UBE2I/UBC9, increases SUMO conjugation to proteins by promoting the binding of E1 and E2 enzymes, thioester linkage between SUMO and UBE2I/UBC9 and transfer of SUMO to specific target proteins which include HIF1A, PIAS, NFKBIA, NR3C1 and TOP1. Isoform 1 and isoform 2 positively regulate the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway by enhancing the sumoylation of NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA), promoting its stabilization which consequently leads to an increased inhibition of NF-kappa-B transcriptional activity. Isoform 1 and isoform 2 negatively regulate the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF1A) signaling pathway by increasing the sumoylation of HIF1A, promoting its stabilization, transcriptional activity and the expression of its target gene VEGFA during hypoxia. Isoform 2 promotes the sumoylation and transcriptional activity of the glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 and enhances the interaction of SUMO1 and NR3C1 with UBE2I/UBC9. Has no effect on ubiquitination.

Subunit / interactions. Isoform 1 and isoform 2 interact with UBE2I/UBC9. Isoform 1 shows a greater interaction with NFKBIA and HIF1A as compared to isoform 2. Isoform 2 interacts with NCOA2 and NR3C1.

Subcellular location. Nucleus. Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity. Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are expressed in glioma tumors (at protein level). Expressed in a wide number of tissues with highest expression in cerebellum, pituitary, heart, kidney, liver, stomach, pancreas, prostate and spleen. Low levels in thalamus, spinal cord, esophagus, thymus, lung and peripheral blood leukocytes. A higher level expression seen in pituitary tumors as compared to the pituitary gland.

Domain organisation. The RWD domain is required for the sumoylation enhancement activity.

Induction. Induced by hypoxia and heat shock.

Isoforms (4)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9Y3V2-1	1	yes
Q9Y3V2-2	2
Q9Y3V2-3	3
Q9Y3V2-4	4

RefSeq proteins (5): NP_001121614, NP_001186611, NP_001265176, NP_001265177, NP_056300* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR006575	RWD_dom	Domain
IPR016135	UBQ-conjugating_enzyme/RWD	Homologous_superfamily
IPR038840	RWDD3	Family

Pfam: PF05773

UniProt features (26 total): helix 5, strand 5, turn 4, splice variant 4, region of interest 2, sequence variant 2, chain 1, domain 1, mutagenesis site 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
4Y1L	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
2EBK	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9Y3V2-F1	82.31	0.26

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (1):

Position	Phenotype
61–62	abolishes enhancement of nfkbia and nr3c1 sumoylation. no effect on nr3c1 transcriptional activity.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

5 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-3065678	SUMO is transferred from E1 to E2 (UBE2I, UBC9)
R-HSA-2990846	SUMOylation
R-HSA-3215018	Processing and activation of SUMO
R-HSA-392499	Metabolism of proteins
R-HSA-597592	Post-translational protein modification

MSigDB gene sets: 126 (showing top): GOBP_REGULATION_OF_PROTEIN_SUMOYLATION, GOBP_PEPTIDYL_LYSINE_MODIFICATION, DAVICIONI_RHABDOMYOSARCOMA_PAX_FOXO1_FUSION_UP, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_OXYGEN_LEVELS, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_NF_KAPPAB_TRANSCRIPTION_FACTOR_ACTIVITY, SHETH_LIVER_CANCER_VS_TXNIP_LOSS_PAM5, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_OXYGEN_LEVELS, GOBP_PROTEIN_SUMOYLATION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_MOLECULAR_FUNCTION, GOBP_POST_TRANSLATIONAL_PROTEIN_MODIFICATION, SCHLOSSER_SERUM_RESPONSE_DN, DEBIASI_APOPTOSIS_BY_REOVIRUS_INFECTION_UP, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_ABIOTIC_STIMULUS, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_INTRACELLULAR_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_PROTEIN_SUMOYLATION

GO Biological Process (3): obsolete negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity (GO:0032088), positive regulation of protein sumoylation (GO:0033235), positive regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway (GO:1902073)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (2): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-4 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Processing and activation of SUMO	1
Post-translational protein modification	1
SUMOylation	1
Metabolism of proteins	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
protein sumoylation	1
regulation of protein sumoylation	1
positive regulation of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal	1
hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway	1
regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway	1
positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction	1
binding	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

308 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
RWDD3	UBE2I	P50550	829
RWDD3	SENP1	Q9P0U3	542
RWDD3	RANBP2	P49792	503
RWDD3	SUMO1	P55856	446
RWDD3	S4R434	S4R434	445
RWDD3	VHL	P40337	399
RWDD3	NUTM2F	A1L443	398
RWDD3	SUMO2	P55855	391
RWDD3	TLCD4	Q96MV1	369
RWDD3	GGH	Q92820	366
RWDD3	HIF1A	Q16665	364
RWDD3	CBX4	O00257	349
RWDD3	SUMO4	Q6EEV6	348
RWDD3	BRD3OS	A0A1B0GUI7	348
RWDD3	PIAS4	Q8N2W9	325

IntAct

9 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
UBE2I	SUMO1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.950
UBE2I	RWDD3	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.610
UBE2I	RWDD3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.610
RWDD3	UBE2I	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.610
UBE2I	RWDD3	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.610
RWDD3	SUMO1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
RWDD3	NFKBIA	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
RWDD3	HIF1A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400

BioGRID (15): RWDD3 (Affinity Capture-RNA), RWDD3 (Reconstituted Complex), RWDD3 (Affinity Capture-Western), VHL (Affinity Capture-Western), HIF1A (Affinity Capture-Western), RWDD3 (Reconstituted Complex), RWDD3 (Affinity Capture-MS), RWDD3 (Affinity Capture-MS), RWDD3 (Affinity Capture-Western), RWDD3 (Affinity Capture-MS), RWDD3 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), SUMO1 (Affinity Capture-Western), UBE2I (Affinity Capture-Western), NFKBIA (Affinity Capture-Western), HIF1A (Affinity Capture-Western)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JMU5, A1A5P5, A3KN24, A6QLC7, A9ULH0, B2RXC1, B5DF07, B6DMK2, B6NXD5, O60678, O70467, O75417, P0C7N0, Q08B12, Q14AI0, Q19QT9, Q28ES8, Q2KI89, Q32LH3, Q32NV1, Q32PH0, Q3EBC8, Q4R6P2, Q5E9U4, Q5R629, Q5RDC7, Q5XGG3, Q5ZI89, Q5ZJM3, Q641F8, Q68F70, Q6DHJ1, Q6GMB0, Q6GPP1, Q6NU25, Q6PBV4, Q6PD74, Q7Z392, Q8BP74, Q8BSA9

Diamond homologs: A3KN24, A9ULH0, P0C7N0, Q5RDC7, Q6PBV4, Q8VIL2, Q9Y3V2

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
RWDD3	up-regulates	HIF1A	sumoylation

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

36 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	30
Likely benign	2
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

782 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
1:95234249:G:GT	donor_gain	0.9900
1:95234297:G:GT	donor_gain	0.9900
1:95234297:G:T	donor_gain	0.9900
1:95234311:CTCAG:C	donor_loss	0.9900
1:95234313:CAG:C	donor_loss	0.9900
1:95234314:AGGTG:A	donor_loss	0.9900
1:95234315:GG:G	donor_loss	0.9900
1:95234316:GT:G	donor_loss	0.9900
1:95234317:T:A	donor_loss	0.9900
1:95244717:T:G	donor_gain	0.9900
1:95246744:T:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
1:95246751:TGCA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
1:95246752:GCA:G	acceptor_loss	0.9900
1:95246753:CAG:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
1:95244209:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9700
1:95244210:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9700
1:95244634:G:GT	donor_gain	0.9700
1:95246754:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9500
1:95246755:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9500
1:95244710:T:G	donor_gain	0.9400
1:95246740:CTTTT:C	acceptor_loss	0.9400
1:95234300:GTGC:G	donor_gain	0.9300
1:95234301:TGCT:T	donor_gain	0.9300
1:95234302:GCTG:G	donor_gain	0.9300
1:95234303:C:CG	donor_gain	0.9300
1:95244210:GA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9300
1:95243745:G:T	donor_gain	0.9200
1:95241984:T:TA	acceptor_gain	0.9100
1:95244198:G:A	acceptor_gain	0.9100
1:95234294:TGGG:T	donor_gain	0.9000

AlphaMissense

1757 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
1:95244609:T:A	W162R	0.987
1:95244609:T:C	W162R	0.987
1:95246545:T:C	Y193H	0.970
1:95246811:T:C	F249L	0.970
1:95246813:T:A	F249L	0.970
1:95246813:T:G	F249L	0.970
1:95244588:T:C	Y155H	0.968
1:95244640:T:C	L172P	0.964
1:95244673:T:C	L183P	0.962
1:95246545:T:G	Y193D	0.962
1:95246546:A:C	Y193S	0.962
1:95246577:T:A	D203E	0.962
1:95246577:T:G	D203E	0.962
1:95246766:T:C	F234L	0.962
1:95246768:T:A	F234L	0.962
1:95246768:T:G	F234L	0.962
1:95246606:A:T	E213V	0.961
1:95246604:A:C	K212N	0.959
1:95246604:A:T	K212N	0.959
1:95244569:C:A	H148Q	0.958
1:95244569:C:G	H148Q	0.958
1:95244611:G:C	W162C	0.958
1:95244611:G:T	W162C	0.958
1:95244575:A:C	R150S	0.956
1:95244575:A:T	R150S	0.956
1:95246800:T:C	L245S	0.954
1:95244634:G:A	G170E	0.950
1:95244645:T:C	F174L	0.950
1:95244647:C:A	F174L	0.950
1:95244647:C:G	F174L	0.950

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000049754 (1:95240946 G>A), RS1000081823 (1:95241278 G>A), RS1000149480 (1:95234568 C>T), RS1000287364 (1:95240565 C>T), RS1000452458 (1:95246440 A>G), RS1000500931 (1:95234369 G>C,T), RS1000696279 (1:95244644 G>A,C), RS1000770002 (1:95244984 G>C,T), RS1001023436 (1:95239034 A>T), RS1001233522 (1:95240247 C>T), RS1001348796 (1:95233172 G>A), RS1001784331 (1:95234205 G>A,C,T), RS1001816918 (1:95234452 G>A,C), RS1001965101 (1:95239848 A>G), RS1002008000 (1:95234611 C>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:615875 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

10 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001838_4	Palmitic acid (16:0) levels	3.000000e-11
GCST001840_7	Stearic acid (18:0) levels	2.000000e-15
GCST002701_35	Verbal declarative memory	9.000000e-06
GCST002759_11	Motion sickness	4.000000e-14
GCST004616_110	Platelet distribution width	4.000000e-09
GCST007327_129	Smoking status (ever vs never smokers)	3.000000e-09
GCST007576_304	Chronotype	7.000000e-09
GCST008811_27	Alcohol consumption (drinks per week)	2.000000e-08
GCST011125_14	Caffeine consumption from coffee	9.000000e-11
GCST011494_5	Daytime nap	1.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (8, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004874	memory performance
EFO:0006805	word list delayed recall measurement
EFO:0006928	motion sickness
EFO:0007984	platelet component distribution width
EFO:0004318	smoking behavior
EFO:0008328	chronotype measurement
EFO:0006781	coffee consumption measurement
EFO:0007828	daytime rest measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

29 total (human), top 29 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Estradiol	affects expression, decreases expression	2
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	2
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
bufotalin	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
trichostatin A	affects expression	1
methylparaben	decreases expression	1
sodium arsenite	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
scriptaid	decreases expression	1
suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid	decreases expression	1
bisphenol S	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
SB939 compound	decreases expression	1
Sunitinib	decreases expression	1
Vorinostat	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants	increases expression, increases abundance	1
Arsenic	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation	1
Camptothecin	increases expression	1
Dexamethasone	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Indomethacin	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Methotrexate	increases expression	1
Niclosamide	decreases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	1
Valproic Acid	decreases expression	1
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Okadaic Acid	decreases expression	1
Copper Sulfate	decreases expression	1
Particulate Matter	increases abundance, increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.