SCGN

Summary

SCGN (secretagogin, EF-hand calcium binding protein, HGNC:16941) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 6p22.2, encoding Secretagogin (O76038).

The encoded protein is a secreted calcium-binding protein which is found in the cytoplasm. It is related to calbindin D-28K and calretinin. This protein is thought to be involved in KCL-stimulated calcium flux and cell proliferation.

Source: NCBI Gene 10590 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): ulcerative colitis (Moderate, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 43
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 55 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_006998

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:16941
Approved symbol	SCGN
Name	secretagogin, EF-hand calcium binding protein
Location	6p22.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	SECRET, DJ501N12.8, SEGN, CALBL
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000079689
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	609202
Entrez	10590

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 3 — 2 protein_coding, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000377961, ENST00000612225, ENST00000968674

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_006998 NM_006998

CCDS: CCDS4561

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000377961 — 11 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000694583	25653382	25653452
ENSE00001692102	25701207	25701783
ENSE00001957856	25652215	25652485
ENSE00001976132	25681951	25682006
ENSE00003463585	25669999	25670076
ENSE00003471790	25691056	25691124
ENSE00003474558	25661552	25661644
ENSE00003535115	25669511	25669567
ENSE00003552963	25689172	25689217
ENSE00003605250	25689473	25689532
ENSE00003650292	25664943	25665032

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 153 present calls, max score 99.17.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 1.1643 / max 220.6894, expressed in 138 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
66436	0.8648	111
66437	0.2995	69

Top tissues by expression

281 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	99.17	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	95.97	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	93.02	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	92.18	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	88.47	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	87.63	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	87.50	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	87.36	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	87.36	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	87.27	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	86.29	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	86.20	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	82.31	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	81.42	gold quality
paraflocculus	UBERON:0005351	79.85	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	79.82	gold quality
sigmoid colon	UBERON:0001159	79.39	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	79.27	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	78.48	gold quality
cardiac atrium	UBERON:0002081	78.31	gold quality
colon	UBERON:0001155	78.17	gold quality
large intestine	UBERON:0000059	78.14	gold quality
intestine	UBERON:0000160	76.98	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	75.79	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	75.70	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	74.84	silver quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	74.18	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	73.51	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	73.50	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	73.37	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 12 experiment(s), a significant marker in 10.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-5061	yes	2480.29
E-ENAD-27	yes	2189.74
E-GEOD-125970	yes	711.48
E-MTAB-9906	yes	617.32
E-MTAB-8410	yes	497.33
E-CURD-46	yes	192.47
E-GEOD-81547	yes	13.77
E-GEOD-83139	yes	13.06
E-CURD-114	yes	12.25
E-GEOD-81608	no	2305.79
E-HCAD-31	no	24.93
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

22 targeting SCGN, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-8485	100.00	77.57	4731
HSA-MIR-3692-3P	99.98	70.27	2139
HSA-MIR-548AN	99.97	70.91	2817
HSA-MIR-6835-3P	99.93	70.49	2904
HSA-MIR-6780A-5P	99.88	66.69	2776
HSA-MIR-1273H-5P	99.77	66.32	2471
HSA-MIR-30B-3P	99.70	65.76	2325
HSA-MIR-3689A-3P	99.70	65.73	2306
HSA-MIR-3689B-3P	99.70	65.71	2311
HSA-MIR-3689C	99.70	65.71	2311
HSA-MIR-6779-5P	99.70	65.76	2363
HSA-MIR-494-3P	99.70	71.45	2795
HSA-MIR-7106-5P	99.53	67.47	3574
HSA-MIR-5584-5P	99.49	68.22	2814
HSA-MIR-1228-3P	99.00	66.53	857
HSA-MIR-887-5P	98.82	65.90	1347
HSA-MIR-4700-5P	98.63	67.43	1915
HSA-MIR-4659B-5P	98.03	66.84	979
HSA-MIR-4659A-5P	98.03	66.42	819
HSA-MIR-634	97.74	67.11	818
HSA-MIR-4670-3P	97.37	68.35	1378

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 19)

• Secretagogin might play a role in human non-functional pituitary adenomas. This novel finding may provide clues to clarify the basic molecular mechanisms of pituitary adenoma formation, and to identify new tumor-related markers. (PMID:15237930)
• two new variants of the recently identified hexa-EF-hand calcium binding protein secretagogin (PMID:15766553)
• We identified and characterized promoter activity of a human 1498 bp secretagogin sequence upstream the transcription start site. (PMID:17083620)
• Results emphasize the developmentally shared origins of neurons populating the extended amygdala, and suggest that secretagogin can be relevant to the generation of functional modalities in specific neuronal circuitries. (PMID:20529129)
• Ddetection of novel calcium-binding protein secretagogin within subgroup of clear-cell renal cell carcinomas. Increased metastasis rates within secretagogin-positive subgroup of clear-cell renal cell carcinomas. (PMID:21288557)
• Levels of secretagogin correlate with mortality and are useful as predictors of outcome in children with traumatic brain injury. (PMID:21976236)
• Data show that the density of secretagogin-positive neurons selectively decreases in the olfactory tract in Alzheimer’s disease. (PMID:22474393)
• While secretagogin mRNA was detected in both peripheral mononuclear cells and erythrocytes using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, SCGN protein was only detected in erythrocytes. (PMID:22921511)
• Scgn is a CaBP expressed in a subpopulation of nociceptive DRG neurons and their processes in the dorsal horn. (PMID:23102406)
• These results suggest SCGN is involved in the chemoresistance of small cell lung cancer under the regulation of miR-494 (PMID:25226615)
• Secretagogin-dependent MMP2 release from neurons regulates neuroblast migration. (PMID:28223495)
• Glucose-dependent de-SUMOylation of tomosyn1 at K298 releases syntaxin1A and controls the amplification of exocytosis in concert with a recently-identified tomosyn1-interacting partner; the Ca(2+)-binding protein secretagogin, which dissociates from tomosyn1 in response to Ca(2+)-raising stimuli and is required for insulin granule trafficking and exocytosis downstream of Ca(2+) influx. (PMID:28325894)
• The low SCGN plasma levels in children with ASD probably indicate that SCGN might be implicated in the pathogenesis of autism. However, these data should be treated with caution until further investigations are performed using larger sample sizes to determine whether the decrease in plasma SCGN levels is a mere consequence of autism or it plays a pathogenic role in the disease. (PMID:28492151)
• Therefore, and considering the desensitization of TRPV1s in diabetic pancreata, a TRPV1-to-secretagogin regulatory axis seems critical to maintain the structural integrity and signal competence of beta-cells. (PMID:28637794)
• the overexpression of SCGN in SW480 human colorectal cancer cells promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited cell migration and invasion. (PMID:29499408)
• secretagogin is a potential biomarker, reflecting stress and islet cell dysfunction in T2D patients (PMID:29702679)
• Differential expression of secretagogin immunostaining in the hippocampal formation and the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices of humans, rats, and mice. (PMID:31512254)
• In this study, the authors report the identification of an ultrarare missense variant (NM_006998.3:c.230G > A;p.Arg77His) in the SCGN gene causing Mendelian early-onset ulcerative colitis. (PMID:31663849)
• SCGN deficiency is a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder. (PMID:36588101)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	scgn	ENSDARG00000058732
mus_musculus	Scgn	ENSMUSG00000021337
rattus_norvegicus	Scgn	ENSRNOG00000016628
drosophila_melanogaster	Cbp53E	FBGN0004580

Paralogs (2): CALB1 (ENSG00000104327), CALB2 (ENSG00000172137)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Secretagogin — O76038 (reviewed: O76038)

All UniProt accessions (2): O76038, Q96P10

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Secreted. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Secretory vesicle membrane.

Tissue specificity. Expressed at high levels in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and to a much lesser extent in the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, small intestine and colon), the adrenal medulla and cortex and the thyroid C-cells. In the brain, the expression is restricted to distinct subtypes of neurons with highest expression in the molecular layer of the cerebellum (stellate and basket cells), in the anterior part of the pituitary gland, in the thalamus, in the hypothalamus and in a subgroup of neocortical neurons.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_008929* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR002048	EF_hand_dom	Domain
IPR011992	EF-hand-dom_pair	Homologous_superfamily
IPR018247	EF_Hand_1_Ca_BS	Binding_site
IPR035798	EFh_SCGN	Domain
IPR051001	Calbindin_Ca-bind	Family

Pfam: PF13202, PF13499

UniProt features (58 total): binding site 27, helix 16, domain 6, strand 5, chain 1, sequence variant 1, sequence conflict 1, turn 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
8BAV	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-O76038-F1	78.15	0.01

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (27): 36; 71; 73; 75; 77; 82; 118; 120; 122; 129; 162; 164 …

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 123 (showing top): GSE45365_CD8A_DC_VS_CD11B_DC_IFNAR_KO_MCMV_INFECTION_UP, CERVERA_SDHB_TARGETS_1_DN, TAL1ALPHAE47_01, MODULE_379, SABATES_COLORECTAL_ADENOMA_DN, GOCC_NEURON_PROJECTION, MODULE_242, TAL1BETAE47_01, GOCC_NEURON_PROJECTION_TERMINUS, MODULE_104, GOCC_SYNAPSE, GOCC_PRESYNAPSE, GOCC_SOMATODENDRITIC_COMPARTMENT, GOCC_TERMINAL_BOUTON, GOCC_AXON

GO Biological Process (0):

GO Molecular Function (3): calcium ion binding (GO:0005509), protein binding (GO:0005515), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (10): extracellular region (GO:0005576), nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829), dendrite (GO:0030425), transport vesicle membrane (GO:0030658), terminal bouton (GO:0043195), synapse (GO:0045202), membrane (GO:0016020), cytoplasmic vesicle (GO:0031410)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	4
cytoplasm	2
metal ion binding	1
binding	1
cation binding	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
neuron projection	1
dendritic tree	1
transport vesicle	1
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	1
bounding membrane of organelle	1
axon terminus	1
presynapse	1
cell junction	1
intracellular vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2358 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
SCGN	TAC1	P20366	699
SCGN	MLF2	Q15773	629
SCGN	DOC2A	Q14183	618
SCGN	SNAP23	O00161	596
SCGN	CROCC	Q5TZA2	582
SCGN	DDAH2	O95865	578
SCGN	ARFGAP2	Q8N6H7	576
SCGN	CHGA	P10645	557
SCGN	NHLRC1	Q6VVB1	543
SCGN	VSX1	Q9NZR4	540
SCGN	MAGI3	Q5TCQ9	516
SCGN	INS	P01308	503
SCGN	ANAPC7	Q9UJX3	496
SCGN	PVALB	P20472	489
SCGN	KIF5B	P33176	489

IntAct

15 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
SCGN	ABI2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SCGN	SNAP23	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.550
SNAP23	SCGN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.550
Snap25	SCGN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.460
Snap25	SCGN	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.460
SCGN	MAPK3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
PIP4P1	SCGN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
SCGN	SNAP23	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SCGN	CNOT1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
EBLN2	SCGN	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
OSR2	SCGN	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CD40	IPO5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ABI2	SCGN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (121): ATF7 (Affinity Capture-MS), ATF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZMYM4 (Affinity Capture-MS), GOLGB1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CROCC (Affinity Capture-MS), KIF14 (Affinity Capture-MS), RAVER1 (Affinity Capture-MS), OPA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CDC23 (Affinity Capture-MS), RANBP2 (Affinity Capture-MS), AGGF1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ESYT1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNAP23 (Affinity Capture-MS), DOC2A (Affinity Capture-MS), BBX (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A5PJN0, A8J3A0, F1SSF9, O73763, O76038, O81223, O81445, O93409, P02613, P04113, P05938, P05944, P05963, P08051, P08052, P13543, P18087, P30644, P45961, Q01449, Q02045, Q06A97, Q0P571, Q0VFG3, Q10131, Q3HRN7, Q3HRN9, Q3HRP0, Q3HRP2, Q3HRP5, Q3MHP3, Q5QIT3, Q5XJX1, Q63ZJ3, Q6R556, Q75KU4, Q7XC27, Q8CD10, Q8IYU8, Q8LAS7

Diamond homologs: A5PJN0, O76038, P04354, P04467, P05937, P07090, P07171, P12658, P22676, P41044, P47728, Q06A97, Q08331, Q0VFG3, Q25088, Q3ZBY3, Q5R4V1, Q5XJX1, Q63ZJ3, Q6R556, Q91WD9, Q9U6D3, D2DGW3, P05939, P20658, P25070, Q11083, Q1A7B1, Q91482, D3GME4, P05941, P47948, P59747, P86741, P86743, Q1A7B2, Q1A7B3, Q3C2C4, O35508, P02615

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

55 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	41
Likely benign	3
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1150 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
6:25652481:GGATG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
6:25652482:GATG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
6:25652482:GATGG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
6:25652484:TGG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
6:25652486:G:GA	donor_loss	1.0000
6:25652487:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:25652488:GAGTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
6:25653453:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
6:25661641:AGAGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:25661642:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
6:25661642:GAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
6:25661643:AGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:25661644:GGTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
6:25661645:G:GC	donor_loss	1.0000
6:25661646:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:25664938:TTCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:25664939:TCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:25664940:CAG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:25664941:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:25664941:AGCTT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:25664942:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:25664942:G:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:25664942:GC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:25664942:GCT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:25664942:GCTT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:25664942:GCTTG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:25665030:CAGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
6:25665031:AGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:25669505:TTTCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:25669506:TTCAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1877 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
6:25691099:T:A	V226D	0.993
6:25701286:T:C	I261T	0.993
6:25701286:T:G	I261S	0.991
6:25691096:T:C	F225S	0.989
6:25689515:T:C	F206L	0.986
6:25689517:T:A	F206L	0.986
6:25689517:T:G	F206L	0.986
6:25701286:T:A	I261N	0.985
6:25701301:T:C	L266P	0.985
6:25669563:T:C	L130P	0.984
6:25669514:T:A	W114R	0.980
6:25669514:T:C	W114R	0.980
6:25689194:T:C	F184L	0.978
6:25689196:C:A	F184L	0.978
6:25689196:C:G	F184L	0.978
6:25701309:T:C	C269R	0.977
6:25681985:T:C	L169S	0.975
6:25691072:T:C	L217P	0.973
6:25691103:A:C	K227N	0.973
6:25691103:A:T	K227N	0.973
6:25691105:A:C	D228A	0.973
6:25691104:G:C	D228H	0.972
6:25689206:T:C	F188L	0.971
6:25689208:T:A	F188L	0.971
6:25689208:T:G	F188L	0.971
6:25689503:T:C	F202L	0.971
6:25689505:T:A	F202L	0.971
6:25689505:T:G	F202L	0.971
6:25691105:A:T	D228V	0.971
6:25669518:G:C	R115P	0.970

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000164684 (6:25671174 T>C), RS1000230399 (6:25679859 C>A,T), RS1000237550 (6:25654401 C>T), RS1000321046 (6:25700169 C>T), RS1000365096 (6:25661724 T>C), RS1000373528 (6:25699978 G>A), RS1000431346 (6:25684742 A>T), RS1000472755 (6:25699292 A>G), RS1000514280 (6:25652881 C>T), RS1000619640 (6:25692871 A>G), RS1000782520 (6:25655330 T>C), RS1000803310 (6:25673800 A>C,G), RS1000837414 (6:25681401 A>C), RS1000878042 (6:25664589 G>A), RS1001025104 (6:25667514 C>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:609202 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
ulcerative colitis	Moderate	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (1): ulcerative colitis (MONDO:0005101)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

43 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000301_19	Iron status biomarkers	9.000000e-06
GCST000418_4	Uric acid levels	9.000000e-09
GCST004521_169	Autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia	4.000000e-14
GCST004521_69	Autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia	8.000000e-24
GCST004521_83	Autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia	1.000000e-13
GCST004570_5	Iron status biomarkers (iron levels)	4.000000e-09
GCST004571_21	Iron status biomarkers (total iron binding capacity)	4.000000e-14
GCST004572_2	Iron status biomarkers (transferrin saturation)	4.000000e-14
GCST004749_110	Lung cancer in ever smokers	1.000000e-07
GCST004750_79	Squamous cell lung carcinoma	3.000000e-10
GCST004765_13	Total cholesterol change in response to fenofibrate in statin-treated type 2 diabetes	5.000000e-07
GCST005287_5	Intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration	2.000000e-10
GCST005926_3	Peak cortisol response to low dose short synacthen test in corticosteroid treated asthma	8.000000e-08
GCST006945_9	Feeling guilty	8.000000e-09
GCST010002_50	Refractive error	4.000000e-34
GCST010135_12	Oily fish consumption	7.000000e-11
GCST010135_15	Oily fish consumption	2.000000e-10
GCST010135_16	Oily fish consumption	2.000000e-10
GCST010135_21	Oily fish consumption	4.000000e-10
GCST010135_35	Oily fish consumption	8.000000e-09
GCST010135_6	Oily fish consumption	7.000000e-15
GCST010135_8	Oily fish consumption	2.000000e-12
GCST010140_13	Pork consumption	4.000000e-10
GCST010140_25	Pork consumption	8.000000e-09
GCST010140_4	Pork consumption	7.000000e-11
GCST010140_50	Pork consumption	7.000000e-15
GCST010140_52	Pork consumption	2.000000e-12
GCST010140_7	Pork consumption	2.000000e-10
GCST010140_8	Pork consumption	2.000000e-10
GCST010142_16	Fish- and plant-related diet	2.000000e-10

EFO canonical traits (14, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004461	iron biomarker measurement
EFO:0004761	uric acid measurement
EFO:0006334	total iron binding capacity
EFO:0007806	total cholesterol change measurement
EFO:0000473	epigenetic status
EFO:0022597	aging
EFO:0005843	cortisol measurement
EFO:0009175	response to synacthen
EFO:0009595	guilt measurement
EFO:0008111	diet measurement
EFO:0004612	high density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
EFO:0004346	neuroimaging measurement
EFO:0007789	BMI-adjusted waist circumference
EFO:0007985	platelet crit

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D003093	Colitis, Ulcerative	C06.405.205.265.231; C06.405.205.731.249; C06.405.469.158.188.231; C06.405.469.432.249

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

37 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Aflatoxin B1	affects expression, decreases expression, decreases methylation	4
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases expression, increases expression, increases methylation	3
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	3
Cyclosporine	decreases expression, increases expression	3
sodium arsenite	affects methylation, affects binding, increases reaction	2
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression, increases expression	2
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
methyleugenol	decreases expression	1
bisphenol A	decreases methylation	1
diisononyl phthalate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	decreases expression	1
lead nitrate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
butylbenzyl phthalate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
periodate-oxidized adenosine	affects expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
bisphenol S	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Troglitazone	increases expression	1
Vorinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Panobinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Arsenic	affects methylation	1
Dexamethasone	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Diethylhexyl Phthalate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Endosulfan	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression	1
Indomethacin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Ivermectin	decreases expression	1
Mercury	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Rotenone	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00167882	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Influence of 5-Aminosalicylates on Thiopurine Metabolite Levels
NCT00194818	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Asacol Dosing Study for Active Ulcerative Colitis
NCT00209287	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Study of Effects and of Modifications in Apoptosis Regulators Observed After Stopping 5-ASA Treatment in Patients With Inactive Ulcerative Colitis
NCT00219414	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis With Adacolumn (Companion to US Study 512-04-205)
NCT00446849	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Strategies in Maintenance for Patients Receiving Long-term Therapy (S.I.M.P.L.E.) With MMX (Multi-Matrix System) Mesalamine for Ulcerative Colitis (UC)
NCT00542152	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study Comparing Cyclosporine With Infliximab in Steroid-refractory Severe Attacks of Ulcerative Colitis
NCT00652145	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Dose Escalation and Remission (DEAR)
NCT00702611	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Efficacy Study of Granulocytapheresis Plus Steroids vs Steroids Alone in Active Steroid Dependant Ulcerative Colitis
NCT00947674	PHASE4	TERMINATED	A Study of Leukocytapheresis (LCAP) in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis (UC)
NCT01078935	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	The Effect of Probiotics on the Rate of Recovery of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Exacerbation, Endothelial Function, and Markers of Inflammation
NCT01124149	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Ability to Maintain or Achieve Clinical and Endoscopic Remission With MMX Mesalamine Once Daily in Adults With Ulcerative Colitis
NCT01341808	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Immunogenicity of Hepatitis A Vaccine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Patients
NCT01346826	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety of Accelerated Infliximab Infusions in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
NCT01408810	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Histologic and Endoscopic Remission Induced by Infliximab in Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis
NCT01418131	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Rectal Tacrolimus in the Treatment of Resistant Ulcerative Proctitis
NCT01479660	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Role of Healthy Bacteria in Ulcerative Colitis
NCT01536535	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Predicting Response to Standardized Pediatric Colitis Therapy
NCT01678911	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Efficacy of Gralise® for Chronic Pelvic Pain
NCT01772615	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis With Ciprofloxacin and E. Coli Nissle
NCT01882426	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Care Path for the Management of Ulcerative Colitis
NCT01941589	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Corticosteroids+5-aminosalicylic Acid Compared to Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Moderate-severe Ulcerative Colitis
NCT01960426	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Evaluation of Health Costs and Resource Utilization
NCT01991314	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease With Ferrous Sulphate
NCT02092285	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Golimumab Utilization and Impact on Ulcerative Colitis (MK-8259-032)
NCT02148640	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The NOR-SWITCH Study
NCT02155335	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Preference for a Prefilled Syringe or Smartject™ Device for Delivering Golimumab in Participants Suffering From Moderate-to-severe Ulcerative Colitis (MK-8259-027)
NCT02186886	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Physiological Intermolecular Modification Spectroscopy (PIMS) in Ulcerative Colitis With Golimumab
NCT02345733	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Use of a Novel Diet (UC DIET) for Treatment of Mild to Moderate Active Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis
NCT02425852	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Randomized, Multicenter Open Label Study Comparing Early Administration of Azathioprine Plus IFX to Steroids Plus Azathioprine for Acute Severe Colitis
NCT02425865	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Intensive Treatment to Reach the Target With Golimumab in ulcErative coliTis - In-TARGET
NCT02465385	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Single-dose Linaclotide for Capsule Endoscopy Preparation
NCT02579733	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Azathioprine Based on Endoscopy After Clinical Remission in Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis
NCT02770040	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Optimising Infliximab Induction Therapy for Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis
NCT02910375	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Golimumab Dried Blood Spot Analysis
NCT02921555	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Endovenous Corticosteroid Pulses in Moderate Ulcerative Colitis
NCT02962245	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Efficacy of Treatment With Berberine to Maintain Remission in Ulcerative Colitis
NCT02994836	PHASE4	COMPLETED	GIS-SUSANTI-TNF-2015 (Anti-TNF Discontinuation )
NCT02998112	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Ulcerative Colitis Through Colonic Transendoscopic Enteral Tubing
NCT03059849	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Brief Escalation of Adalimumab Treatment for Prevention of Clinical Relapse in IBD
NCT03124121	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of the Golimumab Exposure-Response Relationship Using Serum Trough Levels