SCUBE1

Summary

SCUBE1 (signal peptide, CUB domain and EGF like domain containing 1, HGNC:13441) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 22q13.2, encoding Signal peptide, CUB and EGF-like domain-containing protein 1 (Q8IWY4). Could function as an adhesive molecule and its matrix bound and soluble fragments may play a critical role in vascular biology.

This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein that is a member of the SCUBE (signal peptide, CUB domain, EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like protein) family. Family members have an amino-terminal signal peptide, nine copies of EGF-like repeats and a CUB domain at the carboxyl terminus. This protein is expressed in platelets and endothelial cells and may play an important role in vascular biology.

Source: NCBI Gene 80274 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 6
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 192 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_173050

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:13441
Approved symbol	SCUBE1
Name	signal peptide, CUB domain and EGF like domain containing 1
Location	22q13.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000159307
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	611746
Entrez	80274

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 12 — 8 protein_coding, 4 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000290460, ENST00000360835, ENST00000449304, ENST00000461595, ENST00000470433, ENST00000477991, ENST00000480833, ENST00000911326, ENST00000911327, ENST00000911328, ENST00000911329, ENST00000954506

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_173050 NM_173050

CCDS: CCDS14048

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000360835 — 22 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001044754	43222638	43222742
ENSE00001044777	43227374	43227496
ENSE00001304577	43223097	43223216
ENSE00001319419	43221173	43221289
ENSE00001822122	43343174	43343372
ENSE00001951651	43197280	43204149
ENSE00002202322	43220450	43220587
ENSE00002208047	43207534	43207613
ENSE00002211492	43218255	43218458
ENSE00002222495	43210043	43210240
ENSE00002253658	43214090	43214251
ENSE00002260628	43208072	43208224
ENSE00002303140	43212425	43212592
ENSE00002430869	43238838	43238954
ENSE00002436551	43258219	43258335
ENSE00002484391	43339104	43339235
ENSE00002492738	43210922	43211083
ENSE00002512774	43229072	43229188
ENSE00002515907	43291046	43291180
ENSE00002528828	43262720	43262845
ENSE00002535097	43231753	43231875
ENSE00003661289	43319937	43320065

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 188 present calls, max score 95.99.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 4.2371 / max 178.5057, expressed in 501 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
194507	4.2371	501

Top tissues by expression

228 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	95.99	gold quality
tibia	UBERON:0000979	92.65	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	91.69	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	89.00	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	88.91	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	87.19	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	87.08	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	85.85	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	85.56	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	85.41	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	85.28	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	85.13	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	84.22	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	84.07	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	83.80	silver quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	81.81	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	80.17	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	80.15	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	79.90	silver quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	79.03	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	79.01	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	78.62	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	78.26	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	78.01	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	76.70	silver quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	76.50	gold quality
layer of synovial tissue	UBERON:0007616	75.96	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	75.63	gold quality
adrenal cortex	UBERON:0001235	75.62	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	75.04	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-10137	yes	677.07
E-ANND-3	no	4.94

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

65 targeting SCUBE1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-6127	100.00	66.76	2188
HSA-MIR-4510	100.00	66.60	2050
HSA-MIR-6129	100.00	66.46	2080
HSA-MIR-6130	100.00	66.69	2012
HSA-MIR-6133	100.00	66.48	2064
HSA-MIR-4747-5P	100.00	67.90	2681
HSA-MIR-5196-5P	100.00	67.98	2761
HSA-MIR-23B-5P	99.98	66.07	587
HSA-MIR-6780B-5P	99.96	69.60	2562
HSA-MIR-23A-5P	99.94	65.39	468
HSA-MIR-4492	99.87	68.25	3611
HSA-MIR-4728-5P	99.85	69.39	4718
HSA-MIR-4739	99.84	65.25	1832
HSA-MIR-1321	99.84	65.30	1811
HSA-MIR-4756-5P	99.84	64.98	1809
HSA-MIR-765	99.84	68.24	2442
HSA-MIR-6785-5P	99.82	68.68	4428
HSA-MIR-3121-3P	99.82	71.96	3630
HSA-MIR-3934-3P	99.76	65.51	1351
HSA-MIR-4319	99.76	69.83	2586
HSA-MIR-11181-3P	99.75	66.38	2205
HSA-MIR-149-3P	99.72	68.22	3963
HSA-MIR-378G	99.71	64.90	1106
HSA-MIR-6883-5P	99.69	68.05	3785
HSA-MIR-3202	99.66	67.70	2737
HSA-MIR-6887-3P	99.66	67.83	1778
HSA-MIR-1249-5P	99.61	66.55	2049
HSA-MIR-6797-5P	99.61	66.55	2084

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 21)

• identification as secreted protein that is expressed in vascular endothelium and may play important roles in development, inflammation, and thrombosis (PMID:12270931)
• SCUBE1 level, a potential acute ischemia marker, is elevated in hemodialysis patients with no clinical ischemic event. (PMID:22874483)
• Primary prostatic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were isolated and the expression of CAF markers, Dlk1 and SCUBE1 transcripts were characterised. (PMID:23136397)
• SCUBE 1 levels in patients with gastric cancer were found higher compared to healthy subjects. (PMID:23220851)
• SCUBE1 levels are a new biomarker that can be used in the differential diagnosis and monitoring of patients hospitalized with suspected CCHF. (PMID:23632301)
• SCUBE1 may indicate hypercoagulability in patients with BC and thus help identify patients at greater risk of thrombosisSCUBE1 may indicate hypercoagulability in patients with breast cancer and thus help identify patients at greater risk of thrombosis (PMID:26438214)
• describe novel mechanisms in targeting S1 to the plasma membrane and demonstrate that N-glycans are required for S1 functions during primitive haematopoiesis in zebrafish. (PMID:26699903)
• SCUBE1 might be a novel prognostic biomarker after traumatic brain injury (PMID:26940951)
• enhanced SCUBE1 concentrations are correlated with increasing severity and poor outcomes of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients, indicating SCUBE1 might have the potential to identify aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients at risk of poor prognosis (PMID:27265525)
• Increased serum SCUBE1 concentrations have close relation to increasing severity and poor prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage (PMID:27496080)
• The results of this pioneering study indicate that SCUBE protein family appears to have a probable role in the pathogenesis and angiogenesis development in psoriasis and SCUBE 1 and 3 may be novel markers of angiogenesis in psoriasis. (PMID:28238185)
• Hemodialysis may contribute to cardiovascular events because of increased SCUBE1 levels after hemodialysis; however, no association was shown between SCUBE1 and electrocardiography/echocardiography findings. (PMID:30777551)
• Evaluation of SCUBE-1 levels as a placental dysfunction marker at gestational diabetes mellitus. (PMID:31668102)
• De Novo Damaging DNA Coding Mutations Are Associated With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Overlap With Tourette’s Disorder and Autism. (PMID:31771860)
• The relationship of serum SCUBE-1, -2 and -3 levels with clinical findings and ultrasonographic skin thickness in systemic sclerosis patients. (PMID:31991528)
• Pericardial SCUBE1 levels may help predict postoperative results in patients operated on for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. (PMID:34292290)
• SCUBE1 is associated with thrombotic complications, disease severity, and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. (PMID:36334396)
• Predictive Value of Combined Plasma D-Dimer, SCUBE1, and Right Ventricular Tei Index for the Prognosis of Elderly Patients with Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism. (PMID:36517978)
• The diagnostic potential of plasma SCUBE-1 concentration for pulmonary embolism: A pilot study. (PMID:36748401)
• Could SCUBE-1 be a marker for subclinical atherosclerosis other than carotid artery intima-media thickness in patients with psoriasis? (PMID:37198010)
• SCUBE1 promotes pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in acute pulmonary embolism by modulating BMP7. (PMID:38259670)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	scube1	ENSDARG00000063097
mus_musculus	Scube1	ENSMUSG00000016763
rattus_norvegicus	Scube1	ENSRNOG00000010617

Paralogs (2): SCUBE3 (ENSG00000146197), SCUBE2 (ENSG00000175356)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Signal peptide, CUB and EGF-like domain-containing protein 1 — Q8IWY4 (reviewed: Q8IWY4)

All UniProt accessions (3): Q8IWY4, B1AH90, H0Y4Y9

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Could function as an adhesive molecule and its matrix bound and soluble fragments may play a critical role in vascular biology.

Subunit / interactions. Forms homooligomers. Forms heterooligomers with SCUBE2. Forms heterooligomers with SCUBE3.

Subcellular location. Secreted. Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Detected in endothelial cells. Highly expressed in platelets. Stored in platelet alpha granules, and transferred to the cell surface upon activation and aggregation. A smaller form, probably produced by limited proteolysis, after being released from the storage granules, is associated with thrombus and localized with the subendothelial matrices in atherosclerotic plaques.

Post-translational modifications. N-glycosylated. Could be proteolytically cleaved to release a smaller active fragment.

Induction. Down-regulated by inflammatory cytokines.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_766638* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000152	EGF-type_Asp/Asn_hydroxyl_site	PTM
IPR000742	EGF	Domain
IPR000859	CUB_dom	Domain
IPR001881	EGF-like_Ca-bd_dom	Domain
IPR009030	Growth_fac_rcpt_cys_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR011641	Tyr-kin_ephrin_A/B_rcpt-like	Domain
IPR018097	EGF_Ca-bd_CS	Conserved_site
IPR024731	NELL2-like_EGF	Domain
IPR026823	cEGF	Domain
IPR035914	Sperma_CUB_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR049883	NOTCH1_EGF-like	Domain
IPR052071	SCUB_EGF-like_domain	Family

Pfam: PF00431, PF07645, PF07699, PF12662, PF12947, PF14670

UniProt features (42 total): disulfide bond 19, domain 10, glycosylation site 6, sequence conflict 3, sequence variant 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8IWY4-F1	77.69	0.14

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (19): 37–50, 44–59, 61–72, 78–91, 87–100, 102–115, 121–132, 128–141, 286–297, 293–306, 308–321, 327–337, 333–346, 348–360, 366–377, 373–386, 388–401, 798–824, 851–872

Glycosylation sites (6): 370, 466, 679, 750, 779, 789

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1474228	Degradation of the extracellular matrix
R-HSA-1474244	Extracellular matrix organization

MSigDB gene sets: 91 (showing top): GOBP_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE, GOCC_CELL_SURFACE, HATADA_METHYLATED_IN_LUNG_CANCER_DN, GOBP_WOUND_HEALING, MARTINEZ_RB1_TARGETS_UP, GOBP_ENDOTHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_SMOOTHENED_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, ZHAN_MULTIPLE_MYELOMA_LB_UP, GOBP_SMOOTHENED_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_HEMOSTASIS, DBP_Q6, GOBP_ADULT_HEART_DEVELOPMENT, GATA4_Q3, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_SMOOTHENED_SIGNALING_PATHWAY

GO Biological Process (7): inflammatory response (GO:0006954), signal transduction (GO:0007165), adult heart development (GO:0007512), blood coagulation (GO:0007596), post-embryonic development (GO:0009791), endothelial cell differentiation (GO:0045446), positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway (GO:0045880)

GO Molecular Function (3): calcium ion binding (GO:0005509), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (6): obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), external side of plasma membrane (GO:0009897), cell surface (GO:0009986), extracellular region (GO:0005576), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Extracellular matrix organization	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	3
defense response	1
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
heart development	1
hemostasis	1
wound healing	1
coagulation	1
multicellular organism development	1
multicellular organismal process	1
endothelium development	1
epithelial cell differentiation	1
smoothened signaling pathway	1
regulation of smoothened signaling pathway	1
positive regulation of signal transduction	1
metal ion binding	1
protein binding	1
binding	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
plasma membrane	1
cell surface	1
side of membrane	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1147 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
SCUBE1	C1R	P00736	453
SCUBE1	BMP2	P12643	446
SCUBE1	C1S	P09871	440
SCUBE1	GCC2	Q8IWJ2	390
SCUBE1	BDNF	P23560	384
SCUBE1	IL1B	P01584	361
SCUBE1	CHRD	Q9H2X0	350
SCUBE1	OR4D5	Q8NGN0	325
SCUBE1	SEMA6A	Q9H2E6	324
SCUBE1	LSMEM2	Q8N112	321
SCUBE1	EGF	P01133	318
SCUBE1	CADPS2	Q86UW7	317
SCUBE1	IRX3	P78415	315
SCUBE1	ICA1	P78506	314
SCUBE1	XKR6	Q5GH73	310

IntAct

0 interactions, top by confidence:

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A096LNW5, B8JI71, D3ZHH1, G3I6Z6, O00548, O35516, O57409, P0DPK3, P0DPK4, P35442, P46531, P78504, P97677, Q01705, Q04721, Q05793, Q07008, Q08E66, Q2QI47, Q5G872, Q5ZQU0, Q61483, Q63722, Q66PY1, Q6DI48, Q6NZL8, Q70E20, Q7TQN3, Q7Z3S9, Q8IWY4, Q8IX30, Q8JZM4, Q8K3K1, Q8NFT8, Q8TER0, Q8TEU8, Q8UWJ4, Q8VHS2, Q90Y54, Q90Y57

Diamond homologs: A0A1D5NSM8, A2AVA0, D3YXF5, O02839, O19124, O35764, O43405, O62685, O62837, O70340, O76536, O95502, O96530, P00751, P04003, P04186, P06205, P06206, P06207, P06681, P07629, P08174, P08607, P0C6B8, P13944, P14151, P14650, P15529, P17690, P18337, P26022, P32018, P33703, P35419, P42201, P47970, P47971, P47972, P48199, P48759

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

192 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	163
Likely benign	9
Benign	7

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

4732 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
22:43207528:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
22:43207529:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
22:43207529:CT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
22:43207529:CTCA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
22:43207531:CA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
22:43207532:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
22:43207533:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
22:43207533:C:CG	donor_loss	1.0000
22:43207533:CT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
22:43207533:CTTT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
22:43207544:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
22:43207627:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:43207628:A:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:43207630:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:43207631:A:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:43208065:ATCTT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
22:43208066:TCTTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
22:43208067:CTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
22:43208068:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
22:43208069:TACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
22:43208070:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
22:43208070:A:C	donor_loss	1.0000
22:43208071:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
22:43208071:C:CT	donor_loss	1.0000
22:43208071:CCAT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
22:43208221:GAGG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:43208223:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:43208224:GC:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
22:43208225:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:43210039:ATACC:A	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

6560 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
22:43210114:A:G	L837P	1.000
22:43238842:G:C	C280W	1.000
22:43238843:C:G	C280S	1.000
22:43238843:C:T	C280Y	1.000
22:43238844:A:G	C280R	1.000
22:43238844:A:T	C280S	1.000
22:43238881:G:C	C267W	1.000
22:43238882:C:T	C267Y	1.000
22:43238883:A:G	C267R	1.000
22:43238888:C:G	C265S	1.000
22:43238889:A:G	C265R	1.000
22:43238889:A:T	C265S	1.000
22:43238914:G:C	C256W	1.000
22:43238915:C:G	C256S	1.000
22:43238915:C:T	C256Y	1.000
22:43238916:A:G	C256R	1.000
22:43238916:A:T	C256S	1.000
22:43238926:G:C	C252W	1.000
22:43238927:C:G	C252S	1.000
22:43238927:C:T	C252Y	1.000
22:43238928:A:G	C252R	1.000
22:43238928:A:T	C252S	1.000
22:43238947:G:C	C245W	1.000
22:43238948:C:T	C245Y	1.000
22:43238949:A:G	C245R	1.000
22:43258223:G:C	C241W	1.000
22:43258224:C:G	C241S	1.000
22:43258224:C:T	C241Y	1.000
22:43258225:A:G	C241R	1.000
22:43258225:A:T	C241S	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000004043 (22:43223836 C>T), RS1000031673 (22:43229741 G>C), RS1000067867 (22:43223586 G>GT), RS1000080343 (22:43229345 C>T), RS1000093537 (22:43197339 T>C), RS1000100475 (22:43294637 C>T), RS1000133025 (22:43294898 T>C), RS1000158284 (22:43246845 C>T), RS1000170978 (22:43344179 G>A), RS1000209536 (22:43243765 GATC>G), RS1000220943 (22:43335772 A>G), RS1000221446 (22:43267318 G>A), RS1000234796 (22:43300022 C>G,T), RS1000259300 (22:43274914 G>A,C), RS1000294456 (22:43335589 C>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:611746 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

6 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001738_4	Response to fenofibrate (adiponectin levels)	2.000000e-06
GCST002114_5	Molar-incisor hypomineralization	4.000000e-07
GCST006585_252	Blood protein levels	4.000000e-14
GCST008161_32	Waist circumference adjusted for body mass index	1.000000e-06
GCST010732_11	Sensory peripheral neuropathy in microtubule targeting agent-treated breast cancer	3.000000e-06
GCST90000025_890	Appendicular lean mass	3.000000e-11

EFO canonical traits (4, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0005321	molar-incisor hypomineralization
EFO:0007789	BMI-adjusted waist circumference
EFO:0005260	response to antimicrotubule agent
EFO:0004980	appendicular lean mass

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

21 total (human), top 21 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases methylation	2
bisphenol A	increases methylation	1
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate	affects expression	1
sodium arsenite	affects methylation	1
benzo(e)pyrene	increases methylation	1
aflatoxin B2	increases methylation	1
bisphenol S	decreases methylation	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants	increases expression, increases abundance	1
Copper	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Lucanthone	increases expression	1
Methapyrilene	increases methylation	1
Oxygen	increases expression	1
Ozone	increases expression	1
Silicon Dioxide	decreases methylation	1
Smoke	increases expression	1
Triclosan	decreases expression	1
Valproic Acid	increases methylation	1
Aflatoxin B1	affects methylation	1
Cadmium Chloride	increases expression	1
Particulate Matter	increases abundance, increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.