SELENOO

Summary

SELENOO (selenoprotein O, HGNC:30395) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 22q13.33, encoding Protein adenylyltransferase SelO, mitochondrial (Q9BVL4). Catalyzes the transfer of adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP) to Ser, Thr and Tyr residues of target proteins (AMPylation).

This gene encodes a selenoprotein that is localized to the mitochondria. It is the largest mammalian selenoprotein, containing the rare amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). Sec is encoded by the UGA codon, which normally signals translation termination. The 3’ UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, designated the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon, rather than as a stop signal. The exact function of this selenoprotein is not known, but it is thought to have redox activity.

Source: NCBI Gene 83642 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 190 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_031454

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:30395
Approved symbol	SELENOO
Name	selenoprotein O
Location	22q13.33
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	SELO
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000073169
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	607917
Entrez	83642

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 2 — 1 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000380903, ENST00000492092

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_031454 NM_031454

CCDS: CCDS43034

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000380903 — 9 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001129524	50208536	50208716
ENSE00001129529	50206317	50206520
ENSE00003473644	50210181	50210311
ENSE00003503715	50210631	50210911
ENSE00003510005	50216691	50216876
ENSE00003512975	50217205	50217616
ENSE00003573348	50215717	50215867
ENSE00003591346	50216972	50217128
ENSE00003849499	50201011	50201590

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 254 present calls, max score 97.66.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 8.7205 / max 110.6306, expressed in 1780 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
192975	8.7205	1780

Top tissues by expression

256 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	97.66	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	97.32	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	96.27	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	96.24	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	96.17	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	95.68	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	95.50	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	93.71	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	93.69	gold quality
cardia of stomach	UBERON:0001162	93.05	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	92.59	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	92.48	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	92.24	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	91.23	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	90.95	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	90.82	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	90.77	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	90.69	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	90.68	silver quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	90.59	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	90.44	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	90.42	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	90.40	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	90.37	gold quality
cortex of kidney	UBERON:0001225	90.36	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	90.36	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	90.32	gold quality
renal medulla	UBERON:0000362	90.30	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	90.29	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	90.28	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	4.11

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

19 targeting SELENOO, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4455	100.00	65.48	1587
HSA-MIR-497-5P	99.92	71.83	2674
HSA-MIR-15A-5P	99.90	72.80	2787
HSA-MIR-15B-5P	99.90	72.78	2798
HSA-MIR-16-5P	99.90	72.80	2780
HSA-MIR-195-5P	99.90	72.81	2805
HSA-MIR-6838-5P	99.89	71.94	2690
HSA-MIR-424-5P	99.89	71.90	2641
HSA-MIR-1324	99.46	66.57	1302
HSA-MIR-3978	99.24	68.39	2201
HSA-MIR-593-3P	99.22	67.28	1327
HSA-MIR-361-3P	99.19	66.45	1381
HSA-MIR-29B-1-5P	98.86	68.35	1364
HSA-MIR-2681-3P	98.18	65.28	577
HSA-MIR-4769-3P	97.95	68.17	1002
HSA-MIR-6817-5P	97.95	67.86	1026
HSA-MIR-490-5P	96.75	65.81	661
HSA-MIR-483-5P	93.53	65.81	111
HSA-MIR-6746-5P	92.37	63.66	103

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

• The SELO protein has a protein domain with significant albeit remote sequence similarity to protein kinase-like proteins. (PMID:223596)
• SelO is a redox-active mitochondrial selenoprotein. (PMID:24751718)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	selenoo2	ENSDARG00000014395
danio_rerio	selenoo1	ENSDARG00000041951
mus_musculus	Selenoo	ENSMUSG00000035757
rattus_norvegicus	Selenoo	ENSRNOG00000060120

Protein

Protein identifiers

Protein adenylyltransferase SelO, mitochondrial — Q9BVL4 (reviewed: Q9BVL4)

Alternative names: Selenoprotein O

All UniProt accessions (1): Q9BVL4

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Catalyzes the transfer of adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP) to Ser, Thr and Tyr residues of target proteins (AMPylation). May be a redox-active mitochondrial selenoprotein which interacts with a redox target protein.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion.

Similarity. Belongs to the SELO family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_113642* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR003846	SelO	Family

Pfam: PF02696

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 3 shown:

• L-tyrosyl-[protein] + ATP = O-(5’-adenylyl)-L-tyrosyl-[protein] + diphosphate (RHEA:54288)
• L-threonyl-[protein] + ATP = 3-O-(5’-adenylyl)-L-threonyl-[protein] + diphosphate (RHEA:54292)
• L-seryl-[protein] + ATP = 3-O-(5’-adenylyl)-L-seryl-[protein] + diphosphate (RHEA:58120)

UniProt features (28 total): binding site 10, mutagenesis site 6, sequence variant 4, modified residue 2, transit peptide 1, chain 1, non-standard amino acid 1, region of interest 1, sequence conflict 1, active site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

No AlphaFold model available for Q9BVL4 — AlphaFold DB does not currently provide models for proteins above ~3000 aa.

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 338 (proton acceptor)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (10): 253; 339; 348; 348; 153; 155; 176; 188; 189; 246

Post-translational modifications (2): 635, 653

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (6):

Position	Phenotype
348	loss of catalytic activity. loss of atp binding.
664–667	enhances redox complex formation.
664–667	abolishes redox complex formation.
664	no effect on redox complex formation.
667	slightly enhances redox complex formation.
667	no effect on redox complex formation.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 54 (showing top): EFC_Q6, NIKOLSKY_BREAST_CANCER_22Q13_AMPLICON, CHIANG_LIVER_CANCER_SUBCLASS_PROLIFERATION_DN, chr22q13, GARY_CD5_TARGETS_UP, GOMF_ADENYLYLTRANSFERASE_ACTIVITY, BOCHKIS_FOXA2_TARGETS, GOMF_ADENYL_NUCLEOTIDE_BINDING, GOMF_TRANSFERASE_ACTIVITY_TRANSFERRING_PHOSPHORUS_CONTAINING_GROUPS, ASH1L_TARGET_GENES, CEBPZ_TARGET_GENES, ZSCAN30_TARGET_GENES, MIR1324, GSE11864_CSF1_PAM3CYS_VS_CSF1_IFNG_PAM3CYS_IN_MAC_DN, GSE10273_HIGH_VS_LOW_IL7_TREATED_IRF4_8_NULL_PRE_BCELL_DN

GO Biological Process (1): protein adenylylation (GO:0018117)

GO Molecular Function (7): ATP binding (GO:0005524), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), AMPylase activity (GO:0070733), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), protein binding (GO:0005515), transferase activity (GO:0016740), nucleotidyltransferase activity (GO:0016779)

GO Cellular Component (2): chromosome (GO:0005694), mitochondrion (GO:0005739)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
protein nucleotidylation	1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding	1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding	1
cation binding	1
adenylyltransferase activity	1
nucleoside phosphate binding	1
heterocyclic compound binding	1
binding	1
catalytic activity	1
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

680 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
SELENOO	SELENOK	Q9Y6D0	917
SELENOO	SELENON	Q9NZV5	904
SELENOO	SELENOT	P62341	895
SELENOO	SELENOS	Q9BQE4	872
SELENOO	SELENOW	P63302	866
SELENOO	SEPHS2	Q99611	859
SELENOO	SELENOM	Q8WWX9	856
SELENOO	SELENOF	O60613	850
SELENOO	MSRB1	Q9NZV6	842
SELENOO	SELENOI	Q9C0D9	839
SELENOO	SELENOV	P59797	831
SELENOO	SELENOH	Q8IZQ5	831
SELENOO	TXNRD3	Q86VQ6	788
SELENOO	SECISBP2	Q96T21	769
SELENOO	TXNRD2	Q9NNW7	758

IntAct

62 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
RGS20	GLRX3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.810
SELENOO	FAM221B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
MYCBP	AKAP8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.550
STAT2	INPPL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ABHD18	HSPD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ANKK1	HSP90AA1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ETFBKMT	HSPD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
HERC2	LMNA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RGS20	PGP	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ZNF785	CASK	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ISOC2	MPP2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
C1QTNF2	GNPAT	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TRIM11	BTN3A3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SERPINB2	PPP1R12A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MRM1	KIAA0391	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
FAM221B	ATG13	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ETFBKMT	CLPX	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
IL17RB	RHOBTB3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PGPEP1	TNNT3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
	AP3B1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
IMMP1L	EIF1AY	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
IMMP2L	ANKHD1-EIF4EBP3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TRIM11	RABGAP1L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ISOC2	GTPBP1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
LAPTM5	STXBP3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ADAT3	ABLIM1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ISCA1	BACH1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (60): SELO (Affinity Capture-MS), SELO (Affinity Capture-MS), SELO (Affinity Capture-MS), SELO (Affinity Capture-MS), SELO (Affinity Capture-MS), SELO (Affinity Capture-MS), SELO (Affinity Capture-MS), SELO (Affinity Capture-MS), SELO (Affinity Capture-MS), SELO (Affinity Capture-MS), SELO (Affinity Capture-MS), SELO (Affinity Capture-MS), SELO (Affinity Capture-MS), SELO (Affinity Capture-MS), SELO (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2RRU4, A4FV98, A5PJM7, A6NDV4, A6NKP2, D3ZVU9, O54804, O94759, P29372, P97260, Q0GA42, Q29RM4, Q2TBS1, Q32PF0, Q3UGX3, Q3V038, Q4V892, Q58DH2, Q5JXM2, Q5R5M3, Q5XI70, Q6GQT6, Q6IA17, Q6ZN54, Q7Z6G3, Q86VR8, Q8CIW5, Q8IZ69, Q8N8L6, Q8N9F0, Q8NHH1, Q8R087, Q8TBP0, Q8TCT7, Q8VCW4, Q8VCX6, Q92623, Q96AZ1, Q96RR1, Q9BQD7

Diamond homologs: A0K832, A1K5T6, A2SBI7, A3NW79, A4G5V4, A4JEZ0, A4TIN1, A4VRA3, A4W9N5, A4XPR2, A5FG48, A5WAA1, A6TAH1, A6VDE4, A7FHI1, A7ZMH3, A8A0P8, A9AJS7, A9IT50, A9MEQ9, A9N229, A9W9J2, B0KN22, B0RS12, B1IQ50, B1J2K5, B1JJ37, B1JTT5, B1YRN5, B2K5K6, B2SHR2, B2T421, B2U355, B4EBK8, B4T4P0, B4TGI2, B4TUG2, B5BA30, B5F7F0, B5FJ96

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

190 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	160
Likely benign	10
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2351 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
22:50206316:GACA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:50208714:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
22:50208714:G:T	donor_gain	1.0000
22:50208714:GAGG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
22:50208715:AGGTC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
22:50208716:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
22:50208718:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
22:50210307:GACAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:50210308:ACAG:A	donor_gain	1.0000
22:50210309:CAG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
22:50210310:AG:A	donor_gain	1.0000
22:50210311:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:50210311:GGTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
22:50210312:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
22:50210907:GACCG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
22:50210909:CCGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
22:50210911:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
22:50210912:G:GC	donor_loss	1.0000
22:50210912:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
22:50210913:T:TC	donor_loss	1.0000
22:50210914:GAGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
22:50215867:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
22:50215868:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
22:50216872:TACAG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
22:50216873:ACAG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
22:50216877:G:GC	donor_loss	1.0000
22:50216878:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
22:50216970:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:50216971:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:50216971:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000016390 (22:50210937 C>G), RS1000113726 (22:50218106 G>A), RS1000254492 (22:50217994 AC>A,ACC), RS1000382216 (22:50211207 C>T), RS1000486242 (22:50207224 G>A), RS1000556465 (22:50217487 C>G,T), RS1000587128 (22:50207414 G>A), RS1000748566 (22:50199603 T>C), RS1000823472 (22:50208362 G>A), RS1000890923 (22:50199276 G>A), RS1000976444 (22:50203558 A>T), RS1001040290 (22:50204080 C>G,T), RS1001122572 (22:50212223 A>C,G), RS1001141804 (22:50207761 G>A), RS1001351316 (22:50199598 C>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:607917 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST002481_12	Acne (severe)	4.000000e-06
GCST003815_10	Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease	5.000000e-06
GCST005557_5	Serum uric acid levels	8.000000e-07

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:1001870	late-onset Alzheimers disease
EFO:0004761	uric acid measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

23 total (human), top 23 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases expression	2
Aflatoxin B1	affects expression, decreases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
methylmercuric chloride	increases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
bisphenol A	decreases methylation	1
beta-lapachone	decreases expression, increases expression	1
4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone	increases expression	1
beta-methylcholine	affects expression	1
perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Cisplatin	decreases expression	1
Methyl Methanesulfonate	increases expression	1
Quercetin	increases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Tretinoin	decreases expression	1
Valproic Acid	increases methylation	1
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	1
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression	1
Palmitic Acid	decreases expression	1
Okadaic Acid	decreases expression	1
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_E0NA	Ubigene HeLa SELENOO KO	Cancer cell line	Female

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.