SH3BP4

gene
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Summary

SH3BP4 (SH3 domain binding protein 4, HGNC:10826) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2q37.2, encoding SH3 domain-binding protein 4 (Q9P0V3). May function in transferrin receptor internalization at the plasma membrane through a cargo-specific control of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

This gene encodes a protein with 3 Asn-Pro-Phe (NPF) motifs, an SH3 domain, a PXXP motif, a bipartite nuclear targeting signal, and a tyrosine phosphorylation site. This protein is involved in cargo-specific control of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, specifically controlling the internalization of a specific protein receptor.

Source: NCBI Gene 23677 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 12
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 169 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_014521

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:10826
Approved symbolSH3BP4
NameSH3 domain binding protein 4
Location2q37.2
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
Ensembl geneENSG00000130147
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM605611
Entrez23677

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 15 — 11 protein_coding, 4 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000344528, ENST00000392011, ENST00000409212, ENST00000416021, ENST00000444916, ENST00000446904, ENST00000454947, ENST00000462602, ENST00000484097, ENST00000489601, ENST00000493436, ENST00000875805, ENST00000875806, ENST00000924838, ENST00000961226

RefSeq mRNA: 6 — MANE Select: NM_014521 NM_001371302, NM_001371303, NM_001371304, NM_001371305, NM_001371306, NM_014521

CCDS: CCDS2513

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000392011 — 6 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00001030217235034871235035120
ENSE00001030218234995303234995376
ENSE00001132676235052562235052750
ENSE00001132679235040888235043247
ENSE00001510416235053592235055714
ENSE00001828184234952017234952170

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 274 present calls, max score 99.60.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 25.1629 / max 172.4797, expressed in 1541 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (17 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
2616713.56881491
261686.38571350
261662.98621339
261820.4743279
261800.3840151
261830.3631168
261730.2354141
261690.213790
261790.114951
261710.081427

Top tissues by expression

285 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
parotid glandUBERON:000183199.60gold quality
tracheaUBERON:000312696.45gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinusUBERON:000503096.13gold quality
renal medullaUBERON:000036296.12gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovaryUBERON:000130496.07gold quality
nasal cavity epitheliumUBERON:000538495.99gold quality
caput epididymisUBERON:000435895.52gold quality
saliva-secreting glandUBERON:000104494.90gold quality
nasal cavity mucosaUBERON:000182694.81gold quality
choroid plexus epitheliumUBERON:000391194.69gold quality
tibiaUBERON:000097994.47gold quality
epithelium of mammary glandUBERON:000324494.22gold quality
mammary ductUBERON:000176594.17gold quality
minor salivary glandUBERON:000183093.89gold quality
bronchial epithelial cellCL:000232893.87gold quality
bronchusUBERON:000218593.76gold quality
epithelium of bronchusUBERON:000203193.73gold quality
stromal cell of endometriumCL:000225593.64gold quality
corpus epididymisUBERON:000435993.55gold quality
pylorusUBERON:000116693.51gold quality
inferior vagus X ganglionUBERON:000536393.43gold quality
parietal pleuraUBERON:000240093.32gold quality
mouth mucosaUBERON:000372993.19gold quality
endothelial cellCL:000011593.16silver quality
inferior olivary complexUBERON:000212793.10gold quality
cardia of stomachUBERON:000116293.08gold quality
gingival epitheliumUBERON:000194992.91gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosaUBERON:000538692.89gold quality
body of pancreasUBERON:000115092.59gold quality
metanephric glomerulusUBERON:000473692.57gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-GEOD-93593yes8.41
E-ANND-3yes7.79
E-GEOD-81383no303.84

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 6)

  • Results show that TTP (SH3BP4), a SH3-containing protein, specifically regulates the internalization of the transferrin receptor (TfR). (PMID:16325581)
  • SH3BP4 is a negative regulator of the Rag GTPase complex and amino acid-dependent mTORC1 signaling. (PMID:22575674)
  • SH3BP4 has been identified as a novel pigmentation gene. The SH3BP4 is a direct target of miR-125b. The SH3BP4 is transcriptionally regulated by MITF as its direct target. (PMID:28819321)
  • A SNP in the 3’UTR of SH3BP4 (rs56161233) that overlaps predicted miR-100-binding sites and is predicted to disrupt several miRNA-mRNA interactions was associated with overall survival of laryngeal cancer. (PMID:29880533)
  • The data uncover the tumor-suppressive role of SH3BP4 that functions as a negative feedback regulator of Wnt signaling through modulating beta-catenin’s subcellular localization. (PMID:30811977)
  • SH3BP4 promotes neuropilin-1 and alpha5-integrin endocytosis and is inhibited by Akt. (PMID:33761321)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriosh3bp4aENSDARG00000020000
danio_reriosh3bp4ENSDARG00000030104
mus_musculusSh3bp4ENSMUSG00000036206
rattus_norvegicusSh3bp4ENSRNOG00000019316

Paralogs (1): MACC1 (ENSG00000183742)

Protein

Protein identifiers

SH3 domain-binding protein 4Q9P0V3 (reviewed: Q9P0V3)

Alternative names: EH-binding protein 10, Transferrin receptor-trafficking protein

All UniProt accessions (5): Q9P0V3, C9JED2, C9JF25, C9JRG1, C9JWW6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May function in transferrin receptor internalization at the plasma membrane through a cargo-specific control of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Alternatively, may act as a negative regulator of the amino acid-induced TOR signaling by inhibiting the formation of active Rag GTPase complexes. Preferentially binds inactive Rag GTPase complexes and prevents their interaction with the mTORC1 complex inhibiting its relocalization to lysosomes and its activation. Thereby, may indirectly regulate cell growth, proliferation and autophagy.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer or homooligomer. Interacts with DNM2, EPS15, clathrin, the adapter protein complex 2/AP-2 and TFRC. Interacts with the Rag GTPases RRAGA, RRAGB, RRAGC and RRAGD; the interaction is most probably direct, preferentially occurs with their inactive GDP-bound form and is negatively regulated by amino acids. (Microbial infection) Interacts with molluscum contagiosum virus protein MC159L; this interaction is important for the suppression of autophagy.

Subcellular location. Membrane. Clathrin-coated pit. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Clathrin-coated vesicle. Nucleus.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in all tissues tested with higher expression in pancreas. Expressed by retinal pigment epithelial cells (at protein level).

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylated upon EGF stimulation. Phosphorylation prevents interaction with DNM2.

Domain organisation. The SH3 domain mediates localization to the clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. The SH3 domain mediates interaction with DNM2 and the cytoplasmic part of TFRC with a lower affinity. The SH3 domain also mediates interaction with RRAGB, RRAGC and is required for the negative regulation of mTORC1.

Miscellaneous. Overexpression or depletion of SH3BP4 result in a specific decrease of the transferrin receptor endocytosis that can be rescued by DNM2 overexpression. Dubious isoform produced through aberrant splice sites.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q9P0V3-11yes
Q9P0V3-22

RefSeq proteins (6): NP_001358231, NP_001358232, NP_001358233, NP_001358234, NP_001358235, NP_055336* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR000906ZU5_domDomain
IPR001452SH3_domainDomain
IPR035456SH3BP4_SH3Domain
IPR036028SH3-like_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR056181SH3BP4_CDomain
IPR056182UPA_SH3BP4Domain
IPR056183DEATH_SH3BP4Domain

Pfam: PF00018, PF00791, PF07653, PF23637, PF23640, PF24094

UniProt features (15 total): modified residue 6, domain 3, sequence variant 2, chain 1, splice variant 1, mutagenesis site 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q9P0V3-F170.150.29

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (6): 131, 246, 251, 279, 296, 637

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (1):

PositionPhenotype
92loss of function. loss of targeting to the clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. loss of interaction with dnm2, rragb and r

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-9639288Amino acids regulate mTORC1
R-HSA-2262752Cellular responses to stress
R-HSA-8953897Cellular responses to stimuli
R-HSA-9711097Cellular response to starvation

MSigDB gene sets: 224 (showing top): GCACCTT_MIR18A_MIR18B, VERHAAK_AML_WITH_NPM1_MUTATED_DN, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_AUTOPHAGY, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_ACID_CHEMICAL, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_GROWTH, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_HYDROLASE_ACTIVITY, GEORGES_CELL_CYCLE_MIR192_TARGETS, GOBP_GROWTH, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_GTPASE_ACTIVITY, ACEVEDO_NORMAL_TISSUE_ADJACENT_TO_LIVER_TUMOR_DN, GOBP_VESICLE_MEDIATED_TRANSPORT, GOMF_GTPASE_BINDING, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_ACID_CHEMICAL, CTATGCA_MIR153, GOBP_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION_TO_LYSOSOME

GO Biological Process (9): endocytosis (GO:0006897), negative regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008285), positive regulation of autophagy (GO:0010508), negative regulation of cell growth (GO:0030308), negative regulation of TOR signaling (GO:0032007), negative regulation of GTPase activity (GO:0034260), regulation of catalytic activity (GO:0050790), protein localization to lysosome (GO:0061462), cellular response to amino acid stimulus (GO:0071230)

GO Molecular Function (4): GDP-dissociation inhibitor activity (GO:0005092), small GTPase binding (GO:0031267), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (7): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), clathrin-coated pit (GO:0005905), clathrin-coated vesicle (GO:0030136), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), membrane (GO:0016020), cytoplasmic vesicle (GO:0031410)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Cellular response to starvation1
Cellular responses to stimuli1
Cellular responses to stress1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
negative regulation of cellular process2
cellular anatomical structure2
vesicle budding from membrane1
membrane invagination1
vesicle-mediated transport1
import into cell1
cell population proliferation1
regulation of cell population proliferation1
autophagy1
positive regulation of catabolic process1
regulation of autophagy1
regulation of cell growth1
cell growth1
negative regulation of growth1
TOR signaling1
regulation of TOR signaling1
negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction1
GTPase activity1
regulation of GTPase activity1
negative regulation of biological process1
negative regulation of hydrolase activity1
catalytic activity1
regulation of molecular function1
protein localization to vacuole1
response to amino acid1
cellular response to acid chemical1
GDP binding1
GTPase regulator activity1
GTPase binding1
protein binding1
binding1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
intracellular anatomical structure1
endomembrane system1
membrane1
coated vesicle1
extracellular vesicle1
cytoplasm1
intracellular vesicle1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

896 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
SH3BP4EPS15P42566799
SH3BP4RRAGBQ5VZM2794
SH3BP4NUMBP49757726
SH3BP4NUMBLQ9Y6R0725
SH3BP4EFNA5P52803724
SH3BP4SRCP12931562
SH3BP4STON2Q8WXE9522
SH3BP4PDRG1Q9NUG6495
SH3BP4TMEM82A0PJX8492
SH3BP4SYNJ1O43426480
SH3BP4RAB11FIP2Q7L804477
SH3BP4RRAGCQ9HB90472
SH3BP4SPATA3Q8NHX4459
SH3BP4SYNJ2O15056455
SH3BP4MYOFQ9NZM1451

IntAct

152 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
SH3BP4YWHAGpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.910
SH3BP4GIPC1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.740
GIPC1SH3BP4psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.740
ARHGEF12GIPC1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.720
ARHGEF12GIPC1psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.720
CFTRESYT2psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.710
SH3BP4TFRCpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.670
TFRCSH3BP4psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.670
SH3BP4TFRCpsi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.670
YWHAZSH3BP4psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.650
CETN1SFI1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
YWHAGBLTP3Bpsi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.640
YWHAHPLEKHG3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.610
EPS15SH3BP4psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.610
YWHABBLTP3Bpsi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.610
EPS15SH3BP4psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.610
SH3BP4Dnm2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.610
Dnm2SH3BP4psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.610
SH3BP4Dnm2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.610
YWHAHBLTP3Bpsi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.570
YWHAGSHTN1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.560

BioGRID (199): SH3BP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), SH3BP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), SH3BP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), SH3BP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), SH3BP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), SH3BP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), SH3BP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), SH3BP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), SH3BP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), SH3BP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), SH3BP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), SH3BP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), SH3BP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), SH3BP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), SH3BP4 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0R4I9Y1, A0A0R4IBK5, A2ARZ3, A5WUT8, A6NKT7, A7S7F2, E9Q3L2, E9Q555, F1QB81, F5H4B4, H2QII6, O08662, O14715, O15050, O43310, P0DJD0, P0DJD1, P13864, P42356, P49792, Q06190, Q0V9S3, Q0VF22, Q16533, Q1LVQ2, Q24K09, Q2T9I9, Q4R6W9, Q4V847, Q5U228, Q63HN8, Q65Z40, Q6NU22, Q6NU51, Q7TPV2, Q7Z3J3, Q80TA9, Q811D2, Q86Y13, Q921I6

Diamond homologs: A0JNB0, A1A5H8, A1DFN5, A1Y2K1, P00523, P00524, P00525, P00526, P05480, P06241, P09324, P12931, P13115, P13116, P13406, P14084, P14085, P15054, P17713, P25020, P27447, P34109, P39688, P63185, Q05876, Q1JPZ3, Q1LVQ2, Q5RBY8, Q5U228, Q62844, Q6EWH2, Q6NU22, Q6NU51, Q6ZN28, Q8AXQ3, Q921I6, Q9JJS5, Q9P0V3, Q9V9J3, Q9WUD9

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
SH3BP4down-regulatesTFRCbinding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 113 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
Activation of BAD and translocation to mitochondria776.1×3e-10
Chk1/Chk2(Cds1) mediated inactivation of Cyclin B:Cdk1 complex767.2×5e-10
SARS-CoV-1 targets host intracellular signalling and regulatory pathways767.2×5e-10
Activation of BH3-only proteins749.6×4e-09
RHO GTPases activate PKNs731.7×1e-07
Intrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis729.3×2e-07
FOXO-mediated transcription524.0×4e-05
SARS-CoV-1-host interactions717.6×5e-06

GO biological processes:

GO termPartnersFoldFDR
protein targeting727.0×4e-06
intracellular protein localization99.9×1e-04

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

169 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance133
Likely benign15
Benign7

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2095 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
2:234952172:T:Gdonor_loss1.0000
2:234995297:TTGCA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
2:234995298:TGCAG:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
2:234995300:CA:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
2:234995301:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
2:234995301:AGC:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
2:234995302:G:GAacceptor_gain1.0000
2:234995302:GC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
2:234995302:GCG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
2:234995302:GCGT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
2:234995372:ACCAG:Adonor_loss1.0000
2:234995374:CAGG:Cdonor_loss1.0000
2:234995376:GG:Gdonor_loss1.0000
2:234995377:GTA:Gdonor_loss1.0000
2:234995378:T:Gdonor_loss1.0000
2:235035121:G:GAdonor_loss1.0000
2:235035122:T:Gdonor_loss1.0000
2:235040884:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
2:235040884:ACAGT:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
2:235040885:C:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
2:235040886:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
2:235040887:G:GTacceptor_gain1.0000
2:235040887:GT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
2:235052557:T:TAacceptor_gain1.0000
2:235052559:CA:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
2:235052560:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
2:235052560:A:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
2:235052560:AG:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
2:235052561:G:GCacceptor_gain1.0000
2:235052561:GG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000006154 (2:234990634 G>A), RS1000024534 (2:235038662 A>C,G), RS1000028771 (2:235002698 C>A,G), RS1000137896 (2:234987031 CA>C), RS1000140993 (2:235033315 C>A,T), RS1000158187 (2:234950935 G>A), RS1000160649 (2:235037472 T>G), RS1000181309 (2:235019975 C>T), RS1000190450 (2:234992646 C>T), RS1000245581 (2:235007396 C>T), RS1000256296 (2:234972042 C>T), RS1000287194 (2:235028009 C>A,T), RS1000375946 (2:235038213 T>A), RS1000399065 (2:234967923 T>C), RS1000406494 (2:234987970 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:605611 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

12 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST001066_25Dialysis-related mortality9.000000e-06
GCST001442_12Orofacial clefts7.000000e-07
GCST004227_9Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome9.000000e-06
GCST005993_2Mean corpuscular hemoglobin3.000000e-08
GCST006011_23Mean corpuscular volume5.000000e-09
GCST006427_30Depression in smokers2.000000e-06
GCST011742_12Triglyceride levels in HIV infection2.000000e-07
GCST012308_9Schizophrenia3.000000e-07
GCST012309_9Schizophrenia2.000000e-07
GCST012311_19Schizophrenia x sex interaction3.000000e-06
GCST90002400_348Plateletcrit3.000000e-12
GCST90002402_294Platelet count7.000000e-14

EFO canonical traits (5, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004527mean corpuscular hemoglobin
EFO:0004530triglyceride measurement
EFO:0008343sex interaction measurement
EFO:0007985platelet crit
EFO:0004309platelet count

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

50 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Acidaffects expression, decreases methylation, increases expression4
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation, increases expression3
Tobacco Smoke Pollutionaffects expression, decreases expression, increases expression3
Silverincreases expression2
Aflatoxin B1increases expression, increases methylation2
3,19-(2-bromobenzylidene)andrographolidedecreases response to substance, increases expression1
FR900359affects phosphorylation1
dicrotophosincreases expression1
methylmercuric chlorideincreases expression1
alpha-pineneaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance1
bisphenol Aaffects cotreatment, increases methylation1
beta-lapachoneincreases expression1
afimoxifenedecreases expression, decreases reaction1
sodium arseniteincreases expression1
cobaltous chlorideincreases expression1
benzo(e)pyreneincreases methylation1
2,3-bis(3’-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactoneaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
coumarindecreases phosphorylation1
methacrylaldehydeincreases abundance, affects cotreatment, decreases expression1
perfluorooctane sulfonic aciddecreases expression1
CGP 52608affects binding, increases reaction1
Resveratrolaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Temozolomideincreases expression1
Fulvestrantaffects cotreatment, increases methylation1
Leflunomideincreases expression1
Acetaminophenincreases expression1
Acroleinaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance1
Air Pollutantsaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance1
Atrazinedecreases expression1
Cadmiumincreases abundance, decreases expression1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 transformed cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_D9RJUbigene HEK293 SH3BP4 KOTransformed cell lineFemale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.