SHFL

Summary

SHFL (shiftless antiviral inhibitor of ribosomal frameshifting, HGNC:25649) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 19p13.2, encoding Shiftless antiviral inhibitor of ribosomal frameshifting protein (Q9NUL5). Inhibits programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1PRF) of a variety of mRNAs from viruses, such as HIV1, and cellular genes, such as PEG10.

This gene is an interferon stimulated gene (ISG) that inhibits viral replication. The encoded protein binds nucleic acids and inhibits programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting required for translation by many RNA viruses. Viruses inhibited by the protein include Zika virus, dengue virus and the coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2.

Source: NCBI Gene 55337 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 16 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_018381

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:25649
Approved symbol	SHFL
Name	shiftless antiviral inhibitor of ribosomal frameshifting
Location	19p13.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ11286, RyDEN, IRAV, SFL
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000130813
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	616808
Entrez	55337

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 18 — 12 protein_coding, 4 retained_intron, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000253110, ENST00000397881, ENST00000585919, ENST00000586730, ENST00000586889, ENST00000587609, ENST00000587710, ENST00000590378, ENST00000591813, ENST00000592551, ENST00000593131, ENST00000891192, ENST00000891193, ENST00000891194, ENST00000891195, ENST00000891196, ENST00000971497, ENST00000971498

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_018381 NM_001308277, NM_018381

CCDS: CCDS45957, CCDS77231

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000253110 — 8 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000896886	10091476	10091630
ENSE00001730309	10086317	10086448
ENSE00002809572	10092070	10093243
ENSE00003566341	10089898	10090047
ENSE00003580485	10087251	10087300
ENSE00003639720	10086929	10087052
ENSE00003650457	10091250	10091353
ENSE00003691235	10089657	10089695

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 278 present calls, max score 98.58.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 26.4580 / max 605.2777, expressed in 1775 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (6 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
173725	22.6933	1748
173723	1.4364	842
173724	1.3751	764
173726	0.8612	443
173728	0.0533	6
173727	0.0386	11

Top tissues by expression

285 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	98.58	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	96.86	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	95.69	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	95.11	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	94.54	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	94.50	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	93.90	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	93.90	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	93.52	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	93.34	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	92.90	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	92.81	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	92.73	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	92.69	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	92.64	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	92.52	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	92.51	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	92.47	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	92.42	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	92.39	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	92.33	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	92.24	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	92.17	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	92.16	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	92.13	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	92.12	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	92.10	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	92.08	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	92.02	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	92.02	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 4 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-HCAD-13	yes	11.62
E-ANND-3	yes	5.82
E-MTAB-7606	no	324.55
E-GEOD-124858	no	79.68

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

55 targeting SHFL, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-7110-3P	100.00	73.18	2486
HSA-MIR-4747-5P	100.00	67.90	2681
HSA-MIR-5196-5P	100.00	67.98	2761
HSA-MIR-9983-3P	99.94	71.48	3631
HSA-MIR-6508-5P	99.92	70.67	2465
HSA-MIR-1297	99.91	73.41	3162
HSA-MIR-374A-5P	99.90	71.34	2923
HSA-MIR-627-3P	99.90	71.42	3316
HSA-MIR-374B-5P	99.90	69.98	2734
HSA-MIR-129-5P	99.88	70.26	3273
HSA-MIR-8067	99.86	69.59	2260
HSA-MIR-5003-3P	99.85	69.29	2517
HSA-MIR-6739-5P	99.80	67.87	2806
HSA-MIR-26A-5P	99.78	73.52	2303
HSA-MIR-26B-5P	99.78	73.51	2305
HSA-MIR-3156-3P	99.76	66.72	939
HSA-MIR-92A-2-5P	99.75	67.01	2164
HSA-MIR-6733-5P	99.74	67.94	2759
HSA-MIR-4428	99.73	66.41	1733
HSA-MIR-4465	99.71	72.56	2096
HSA-MIR-5004-5P	99.68	66.63	1294
HSA-MIR-3153	99.55	67.59	2337
HSA-MIR-6878-3P	99.24	64.23	920
HSA-MIR-3925-5P	99.21	67.90	1466
HSA-MIR-7109-5P	99.18	66.13	1057
HSA-MIR-8077	99.17	66.67	862
HSA-MIR-146A-3P	99.13	68.99	1881
HSA-MIR-7160-5P	99.11	67.17	2207
HSA-MIR-328-5P	99.08	64.65	1000
HSA-MIR-3164	99.02	68.39	1071

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 9)

• we identified a previously uncharacterized gene, C19orf66, as an IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) that inhibits Dengue virus replication (PMID:26735137)
• IRAV is an RNA binding protein and localizes to cytoplasmic processing bodies (P bodies) in uninfected cells, where it interacts with the MOV10 RISC complex RNA helicase, suggesting a role for IRAV in the processing of viral RNA. (PMID:27974568)
• Taken together, this study identified C19orf66 as a novel interferon-stimulated gene that exerts antiviral effects against Zika virus by specifically degrading th viral NS3 nonstructural protein. (PMID:32150556)
• C19orf66 is an interferon-induced inhibitor of HCV replication that restricts formation of the viral replication organelle. (PMID:32294532)
• Modulation of Viral Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting and Stop Codon Readthrough by the Host Restriction Factor Shiftless. (PMID:34202160)
• C19orf66 Inhibits Japanese Encephalitis Virus Replication by Targeting -1 PRF and the NS3 Protein. (PMID:34309824)
• Shiftless Restricts Viral Gene Expression and Influences RNA Granule Formation during Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Replication. (PMID:36326276)
• Association of genetic polymorphisms in the C19orf66 gene and biochemical indices of HBV infected individuals in Yunnan. (PMID:37293200)
• Genetic polymorphisms in the C19orf66 gene influenced HIV-1 infection in a Yunnan population. (PMID:37701839)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	shfl	ENSDARG00000052176
mus_musculus	Shfl	ENSMUSG00000038884
rattus_norvegicus	Shfl	ENSRNOG00000020580

Protein

Protein identifiers

Shiftless antiviral inhibitor of ribosomal frameshifting protein — Q9NUL5 (reviewed: Q9NUL5)

Alternative names: Interferon-regulated antiviral protein, Repressor of yield of DENV protein

All UniProt accessions (5): Q9NUL5, K7ELT7, K7EML3, K7EMS9, K7EP02

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Inhibits programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1PRF) of a variety of mRNAs from viruses, such as HIV1, and cellular genes, such as PEG10. Interacts with the -1PRF signal of target mRNA and translating ribosomes and causes premature translation termination at the frameshifting site. Regulates HIV1 GAG-POL expression by inhibiting -1PRF. Exhibits antiviral activity against dengue virus (DENV) and can inhibit the replication of all DENV serotypes. May block the protein translation of DENV RNA via its association with cellular mRNA-binding proteins and viral RNA. Also interrupts Zika virus replication by promoting viral NS3 degradation via a lysosome-dependent pathway. Can also limit the replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by restricting formation of viral replication organelle, West Nile virus (WNV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HHV-1), herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8) and human adenovirus. Binds nucleic acids with a higher affinity for ssRNA and ssDNA than for dsDNA. Isoform 4 does not inhibit programmed ribosomal frameshifting (-1PRF). Does not bind to ribosomes.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with PABPC1. Found in a complex with PABPC1 and LARP1. Interacts with ELAV1, MOV10 and UPF1; the interactions increase in presence of RNA. Binds to ribosomes. Interacts with GSPT1. (Microbial infection) Interacts with the human dengue virus DENV proteins NS3 and NS4A. (Microbial infection) Interacts with Zika virus protein NS3; this interaction promotes viral NS3 degradation.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Nucleus. P-body.

Induction. Up-regulated by interferon (IFN) treatment. Expression increases in response to DENV infection in an IFN-dependent manner.

Similarity. Belongs to the SHFL family.

Isoforms (4)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9NUL5-1	1, SFL	yes
Q9NUL5-2	2
Q9NUL5-3	3
Q9NUL5-4	4, SFLS

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001295206, NP_060851* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR026795	SHFL	Family

Pfam: PF15135

UniProt features (16 total): region of interest 4, splice variant 3, sequence conflict 2, short sequence motif 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, mutagenesis site 1, compositionally biased region 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
9KBO	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9NUL5-F1	88.23	0.60

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 2

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (1):

Position	Phenotype
121–137	decreased efficiency in the interaction with pabpc1 and reduced inhibitory activity against denv replication.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 238 (showing top): GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_PEPTIDE, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_VIRAL_PROCESS, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_TYPE_I_INTERFERON, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_TRANSLATIONAL_ELONGATION, CACCAGC_MIR138, GOBP_TRANSLATIONAL_TERMINATION, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_INTERFERON_BETA, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_TRANSLATION, COUP_01, GOBP_TRANSLATION, GOBP_POST_TRANSCRIPTIONAL_REGULATION_OF_GENE_EXPRESSION, IRF7_01, ONKEN_UVEAL_MELANOMA_UP, GOBP_DEFENSE_RESPONSE_TO_OTHER_ORGANISM, RICKMAN_TUMOR_DIFFERENTIATED_WELL_VS_POORLY_DN

GO Biological Process (10): regulation of translational termination (GO:0006449), response to type I interferon (GO:0034340), response to type II interferon (GO:0034341), response to type III interferon (GO:0034342), response to interferon-beta (GO:0035456), negative regulation of viral genome replication (GO:0045071), innate immune response (GO:0045087), defense response to virus (GO:0051607), viral translational frameshifting (GO:0075523), negative regulation of translational frameshifting (GO:2001125)

GO Molecular Function (5): RNA binding (GO:0003723), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), ribosome binding (GO:0043022), sequence-specific mRNA binding (GO:1990825), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (5): P-body (GO:0000932), nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
response to cytokine	4
innate immune response	3
cellular anatomical structure	3
translational termination	1
regulation of translation	1
regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly	1
viral genome replication	1
regulation of viral genome replication	1
negative regulation of viral process	1
immune response	1
defense response to symbiont	1
defense response	1
response to virus	1
viral process	1
viral translation	1
translational frameshifting	1
negative regulation of translational elongation	1
regulation of translational frameshifting	1
nucleic acid binding	1
protein binding	1
ribonucleoprotein complex binding	1
mRNA binding	1
binding	1
cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
nuclear lumen	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

536 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
SHFL	MOV10	Q9HCE1	625
SHFL	LARP1	Q6PKG0	479
SHFL	PRPF31	Q8WWY3	449
SHFL	RPL11	P25121	447
SHFL	TRIM69	Q86WT6	419
SHFL	ISG20	Q96AZ6	415
SHFL	RSAD2	Q8WXG1	392
SHFL	IFI6	P09912	371
SHFL	ZC3HAV1	Q7Z2W4	348
SHFL	SAA1	P02735	348
SHFL	PARP12	Q9H0J9	348
SHFL	SAA1	P02735	346
SHFL	EIF4H	Q15056	344
SHFL	IFIT1	P09914	336
SHFL	ISG15	P05161	321

IntAct

103 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
SHFL	TNS2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
CADPS	SHFL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SHFL	MEOX2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SHFL		psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SPRY2	SHFL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SHFL	KRTAP2-3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SHFL	TCF4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SHFL	KRTAP5-9	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MAGEA1	SHFL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
KRTAP10-5	SHFL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SHFL	KRTAP10-7	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SHFL	KRTAP10-8	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SHFL	KRTAP10-9	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TRAF1	SHFL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
IKZF1	SHFL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SHFL	MTUS2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PDE4DIP	SHFL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SHFL	KRT40	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
DRICH1	SHFL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SHFL	ADAMTSL4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SHFL	NOTCH2NLA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SHFL	DTNBP1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SHFL	CCDC136	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SHFL	MDFI	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
KRTAP4-12	SHFL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SHFL	LZTS2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560

BioGRID (123): C19orf66 (Two-hybrid), C19orf66 (Two-hybrid), C19orf66 (Two-hybrid), C19orf66 (Two-hybrid), C19orf66 (Two-hybrid), C19orf66 (Two-hybrid), C19orf66 (Two-hybrid), C19orf66 (Two-hybrid), C19orf66 (Two-hybrid), C19orf66 (Two-hybrid), C19orf66 (Two-hybrid), C19orf66 (Two-hybrid), C19orf66 (Two-hybrid), C19orf66 (Two-hybrid), C19orf66 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1L8F1M4, A0A8M9QN10, A0JMQ9, A6NIR3, A8DZE6, A8WH69, B2KF05, F1QCY8, O43147, O43900, O54880, P0C6P5, P59729, P97433, Q13009, Q18PD9, Q2NKQ1, Q32L09, Q3U5C7, Q58D79, Q5EB20, Q5PQS0, Q5U464, Q60592, Q6IVY4, Q6P0Q8, Q6ZQF7, Q6ZUJ8, Q71QF9, Q768S4, Q7T2V3, Q7TNN8, Q7TSI1, Q7ZVP1, Q803A0, Q80U12, Q80VL3, Q80Y24, Q8BPQ7, Q8BRB7

Diamond homologs: A0JP89, A7YY07, Q32L09, Q5RJN4, Q6GMD3, Q8CAK3, Q9NUL5

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 36 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Keratinization	9	25.1×	3e-09

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

16 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	3
Likely benign	2
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1758 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
19:10086447:AG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
19:10086448:GG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
19:10086449:GTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
19:10086450:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
19:10086904:C:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:10086927:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:10086927:AGCT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:10086928:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:10086928:GC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:10086928:GCT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:10086928:GCTG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:10087028:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
19:10089694:AGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
19:10089695:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
19:10089696:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
19:10089894:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:10089894:ACAG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:10089896:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:10089896:A:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:10089897:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:10089897:GGC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:10089897:GGCA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:10090041:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
19:10090044:GGAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
19:10090045:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
19:10090045:G:T	donor_gain	1.0000
19:10090045:GAGG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
19:10090046:AGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
19:10090047:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
19:10090048:G:GA	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1916 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
19:10089991:T:C	F110L	0.999
19:10089992:T:C	F110S	0.999
19:10089993:T:A	F110L	0.999
19:10089993:T:G	F110L	0.999
19:10090021:T:A	W120R	0.999
19:10090021:T:C	W120R	0.999
19:10091322:T:C	F153L	0.999
19:10091324:C:A	F153L	0.999
19:10091324:C:G	F153L	0.999
19:10091600:T:C	C205R	0.999
19:10091615:T:C	C210R	0.999
19:10089992:T:G	F110C	0.998
19:10089997:T:C	C112R	0.998
19:10090018:T:A	W119R	0.998
19:10090018:T:C	W119R	0.998
19:10090023:G:C	W120C	0.998
19:10090023:G:T	W120C	0.998
19:10091259:T:C	C132R	0.998
19:10091307:T:A	W148R	0.998
19:10091307:T:C	W148R	0.998
19:10091328:T:C	C155R	0.998
19:10091349:T:C	F162L	0.998
19:10091351:C:A	F162L	0.998
19:10091351:C:G	F162L	0.998
19:10091507:T:C	C174R	0.998
19:10091601:G:A	C205Y	0.998
19:10091615:T:A	C210S	0.998
19:10091616:G:A	C210Y	0.998
19:10091616:G:C	C210S	0.998
19:10091617:C:G	C210W	0.998

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000367573 (19:10089145 A>G), RS1000752628 (19:10090129 C>G,T), RS1000814936 (19:10088935 G>A), RS1001175014 (19:10090977 T>C), RS1001496709 (19:10085716 C>T), RS1001592498 (19:10085291 G>A), RS1002369833 (19:10091906 C>T), RS1002403205 (19:10085294 G>C), RS1002690376 (19:10093359 G>C), RS1002825237 (19:10093103 C>T), RS1003133675 (19:10086528 C>T), RS1003666031 (19:10088494 G>A), RS1004004785 (19:10089575 C>T), RS1004867515 (19:10088995 A>G), RS1005134009 (19:10089580 G>A,C,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:616808 | disease phenotypes: MIM:614116

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): hereditary sensory neuropathy-deafness-dementia syndrome (MONDO:0013584)

Orphanet (1): Hereditary sensory neuropathy-deafness-dementia syndrome (Orphanet:456318)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
C580162	Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy Type Ie (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

35 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects expression, increases expression	5
entinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	2
Cisplatin	increases expression, affects expression, affects cotreatment	2
Nickel	increases expression	2
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression	2
FR900359	increases phosphorylation	1
ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate	decreases expression	1
trichostatin A	increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
cobaltous chloride	decreases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
jinfukang	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	1
Temozolomide	increases expression	1
Decitabine	affects expression	1
Arsenic	decreases methylation	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Lead	affects expression	1
Niclosamide	increases expression	1
Ribonucleotides	affects binding	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Thimerosal	decreases expression	1
Thiram	decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	1
Tretinoin	increases expression	1
Urethane	decreases expression	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

3 cell lines: 3 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_B1HI	Abcam A-549 SHFL KO 1	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_B2Q2	Abcam A-549 SHFL KO 2	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_E0NE	Ubigene HeLa SHFL KO	Cancer cell line	Female

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.