SLC5A11

gene
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Also known as KST1SMIT2SGLT6

Summary

SLC5A11 (solute carrier family 5 member 11, HGNC:23091) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 16p12.1, encoding Sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter 2 (Q8WWX8). Involved in the sodium-dependent cotransport of myo-inositol (MI) with a Na(+):MI stoichiometry of 2:1.

Cotransporters, such as SLC5A11, represent a major class of proteins that make use of ion gradients to drive active transport for the cellular accumulation of nutrients, neurotransmitters, osmolytes, and ions Roll et al. (2002) [PubMed 12039040].

Source: NCBI Gene 115584 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 6
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 95 total
  • Druggable target: yes — 1 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_001352248

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:23091
Approved symbolSLC5A11
Namesolute carrier family 5 member 11
Location16p12.1
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesKST1, SMIT2, SGLT6
Ensembl geneENSG00000158865
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM610238
Entrez115584

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 14 — 10 protein_coding, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 2 retained_intron

ENST00000347898, ENST00000424767, ENST00000488922, ENST00000545376, ENST00000564125, ENST00000565586, ENST00000565769, ENST00000567758, ENST00000568579, ENST00000569071, ENST00000569520, ENST00000899689, ENST00000899690, ENST00000960822

RefSeq mRNA: 21 — MANE Select: NM_001352248 NM_001258411, NM_001258412, NM_001258413, NM_001258414, NM_001352235, NM_001352236, NM_001352237, NM_001352238, NM_001352242, NM_001352245, NM_001352246, NM_001352247, NM_001352248, NM_001352249, NM_001352250, NM_001352259, NM_001394076, NM_001394077, NM_001394078, NM_001394079, NM_001394080

CCDS: CCDS10625, CCDS58437, CCDS58438, CCDS58439, CCDS58440

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000424767 — 17 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000013507582484623224846438
ENSE000026772962485862024858778
ENSE000034678422488405124884131
ENSE000034722452490702524907175
ENSE000034850122490665724906764
ENSE000034893752490888124909096
ENSE000035389182487562724875731
ENSE000035538742487216024872219
ENSE000035596532486260124862672
ENSE000036213292486990124870005
ENSE000036260692490796324908131
ENSE000036719852489797424898109
ENSE000036817362491030624910477
ENSE000036870092489086924891074
ENSE000036944052487725824877363
ENSE000039243112484596324846012
ENSE000039381352491132824911626

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 125 present calls, max score 97.31.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 1.4184 / max 379.9191, expressed in 81 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
1532580.765869
1532570.512168
1532590.082844
1532600.057725

Top tissues by expression

131 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cordUBERON:000646997.31gold quality
corpus callosumUBERON:000233695.60gold quality
substantia nigraUBERON:000203893.89gold quality
primary visual cortexUBERON:000243689.64gold quality
Ammon’s hornUBERON:000195488.20gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047385.64gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9UBERON:001354083.42gold quality
hypothalamusUBERON:000189882.19gold quality
putamenUBERON:000187480.34gold quality
temporal lobeUBERON:000187179.39gold quality
amygdalaUBERON:000187679.23gold quality
superior frontal gyrusUBERON:000266179.14gold quality
cerebral cortexUBERON:000095678.66gold quality
frontal cortexUBERON:000187078.53gold quality
duodenumUBERON:000211478.49gold quality
prefrontal cortexUBERON:000045178.42gold quality
right frontal lobeUBERON:000281078.05gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortexUBERON:000983477.70gold quality
brainUBERON:000095574.72gold quality
anterior cingulate cortexUBERON:000983574.42gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellumUBERON:001489073.31gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patchUBERON:000345473.25gold quality
small intestineUBERON:000210872.95gold quality
caudate nucleusUBERON:000187371.30gold quality
cerebellumUBERON:000203770.87gold quality
cerebellar cortexUBERON:000212970.76gold quality
cerebellar hemisphereUBERON:000224570.69gold quality
adult mammalian kidneyUBERON:000008269.31gold quality
nucleus accumbensUBERON:000188269.00gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonadCL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:000099165.32gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-HCAD-35yes1153.66
E-HCAD-25yes71.01
E-ANND-3yes3.73

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 1)

  • SLC5A11 is involved with some immune effects and interacts with immune-related gene(s); it is consistent with its function as an autoimmune modifier gene. (PMID:18069935)

Cross-species orthologs

13 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_rerioslc5a11ENSDARG00000019932
mus_musculusSlc5a11ENSMUSG00000030769
rattus_norvegicusSlc5a11ENSRNOG00000013407
drosophila_melanogasterCG2187FBGN0017448
drosophila_melanogasterrumpelFBGN0029950
drosophila_melanogasterSLC5A11FBGN0031998
drosophila_melanogasterbumpelFBGN0037895
drosophila_melanogastersaltFBGN0039872
drosophila_melanogasterSmvtFBGN0039873
drosophila_melanogasterCG31262FBGN0051262
drosophila_melanogasterCG31668FBGN0051668
drosophila_melanogasterCG33124FBGN0053124
drosophila_melanogasterkumpelFBGN0250757

Paralogs (12): SLC5A1 (ENSG00000100170), SLC5A4 (ENSG00000100191), SLC5A5 (ENSG00000105641), SLC5A7 (ENSG00000115665), SLC5A9 (ENSG00000117834), SLC5A6 (ENSG00000138074), SLC5A2 (ENSG00000140675), SLC5A12 (ENSG00000148942), SLC5A10 (ENSG00000154025), SLC5A3 (ENSG00000198743), SLC5A8 (ENSG00000256870), (ENSG00000293606)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter 2Q8WWX8 (reviewed: Q8WWX8)

Alternative names: Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter, Sodium/glucose cotransporter KST1, Sodium/myo-inositol transporter 2, Solute carrier family 5 member 11

All UniProt accessions (4): Q8WWX8, A0A8J9ASH1, H3BN85, I3L1G0

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Involved in the sodium-dependent cotransport of myo-inositol (MI) with a Na(+):MI stoichiometry of 2:1. Exclusively responsible for apical MI transport and absorption in intestine. Can also transport D-chiro-inositol (DCI) but not L-fucose. Exhibits stereospecific cotransport of both D-glucose and D-xylose. May induce apoptosis through the TNF, PDCD1 pathway. May play a role in the regulation of MI concentration in serum, involving reabsorption in at least the proximal tubule of the kidney.

Subcellular location. Membrane. Apical cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Highest expression in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, liver and placenta. Weaker expression in brain, colon, spleen, lung and peripheral blood leukocytes.

Activity regulation. MI transport activity inhibited by D-chiro-inositol (DCI), phlorizin (Pz) and sodium (Na(+)). Insulin increases D-chiro-inositol uptake.

Miscellaneous. Acts as an autoimmune modifier in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as it is significantly associated with low complement component 4 (C4), anti-Smith antibody, serositis, and alopecia.

Similarity. Belongs to the sodium:solute symporter (SSF) (TC 2.A.21) family.

Isoforms (6)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q8WWX8-11yes
Q8WWX8-22
Q8WWX8-33
Q8WWX8-44
Q8WWX8-55
Q8WWX8-66

RefSeq proteins (21): NP_001245340, NP_001245341, NP_001245342, NP_001245343, NP_001339164, NP_001339165, NP_001339166, NP_001339167, NP_001339171, NP_001339174, NP_001339175, NP_001339176, NP_001339177, NP_001339178, NP_001339179, NP_001339188, NP_001381005, NP_001381006, NP_001381007, NP_001381008, NP_001381009 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR001734Na/solute_symporterFamily
IPR038377Na/Glc_symporter_sfHomologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00474

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 4 shown:

  • D-glucose(out) + 2 Na(+)(out) = D-glucose(in) + 2 Na(+)(in) (RHEA:70495)
  • myo-inositol(out) + 2 Na(+)(out) = myo-inositol(in) + 2 Na(+)(in) (RHEA:72987)
  • 1D-chiro-inositol(out) + 2 Na(+)(out) = 1D-chiro-inositol(in) + 2 Na(+)(in) (RHEA:73315)
  • D-xylose(out) + 2 Na(+)(out) = D-xylose(in) + 2 Na(+)(in) (RHEA:73367)

UniProt features (44 total): topological domain 14, transmembrane region 14, splice variant 6, sequence variant 6, sequence conflict 3, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q8WWX8-F182.190.48

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-429593Inositol transporters
R-HSA-382551Transport of small molecules
R-HSA-425366
R-HSA-425407SLC-mediated transmembrane transport

MSigDB gene sets: 63 (showing top): GOBP_MONOATOMIC_CATION_TRANSPORT, GOBP_ORGANIC_HYDROXY_COMPOUND_TRANSPORT, GOBP_POLYOL_TRANSMEMBRANE_TRANSPORT, BALLIF_DEVELOPMENTAL_DISABILITY_P16_P12_DELETION, SANSOM_APC_TARGETS_DN, GOCC_APICAL_PLASMA_MEMBRANE, TGTTTAC_MIR30A5P_MIR30C_MIR30D_MIR30B_MIR30E5P, GOBP_TRANSMEMBRANE_TRANSPORT, GOBP_SODIUM_ION_TRANSPORT, GOCC_APICAL_PART_OF_CELL, chr16p12, GOCC_PLASMA_MEMBRANE_REGION, GOMF_ACTIVE_TRANSMEMBRANE_TRANSPORTER_ACTIVITY, GOMF_SECONDARY_ACTIVE_TRANSMEMBRANE_TRANSPORTER_ACTIVITY, GOMF_POLYOL_TRANSMEMBRANE_TRANSPORTER_ACTIVITY

GO Biological Process (9): apoptotic process (GO:0006915), myo-inositol transport (GO:0015798), monoatomic ion transport (GO:0006811), sodium ion transport (GO:0006814), hexose transmembrane transport (GO:0008645), polyol transmembrane transport (GO:0015791), carbohydrate transmembrane transport (GO:0034219), sodium ion transmembrane transport (GO:0035725), transmembrane transport (GO:0055085)

GO Molecular Function (6): myo-inositol transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0005365), D-glucose:sodium symporter activity (GO:0005412), polyol transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0015166), protein binding (GO:0005515), symporter activity (GO:0015293), transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0022857)

GO Cellular Component (3): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), apical plasma membrane (GO:0016324), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

CategoryPathways
SLC-mediated transmembrane transport1
Transport of small molecules1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
transmembrane transport3
organic hydroxy compound transport2
transport2
programmed cell death1
apoptotic signaling pathway1
execution phase of apoptosis1
metal ion transport1
monosaccharide transmembrane transport1
carbohydrate transport1
sodium ion transport1
monoatomic cation transmembrane transport1
cellular process1
polyol transmembrane transporter activity1
myo-inositol transport1
carbohydrate:monoatomic cation symporter activity1
solute:sodium symporter activity1
D-glucose transmembrane transporter activity1
polyol transmembrane transport1
transmembrane transporter activity1
binding1
secondary active transmembrane transporter activity1
transporter activity1
membrane1
cell periphery1
apical part of cell1
plasma membrane region1
cellular anatomical structure1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1047 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
SLC5A11SLC2A2P11168628
SLC5A11SLC2A13Q96QE2593
SLC5A11SLC2A5P22732556
SLC5A11SLC2A12Q8TD20480
SLC5A11SLC2A1P11166473
SLC5A11SLC13A4Q9UKG4433
SLC5A11SLC2A8Q9NY64427
SLC5A11H7C1H1H7C1H1408
SLC5A11MGAMO43451399
SLC5A11SIP14410392
SLC5A11SLC2A3P11169385
SLC5A11SLC2A11Q9BYW1385
SLC5A11SLC2A4P14672379
SLC5A11SLC15A1P46059379
SLC5A11GCGP01275375

IntAct

8 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
KPNA3SLC5A11psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
SLC5A11KPNA3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
SLC5A11SPTAN1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
SLC5A11LINGO1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
KLHL22TRAV18psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
SLC5A12PLPP3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (10): SLC5A11 (Two-hybrid), KPNA3 (Two-hybrid), LINGO1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SLC5A11 (Proximity Label-MS), SLC5A11 (Affinity Capture-MS), LINGO1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CBLN4 (Affinity Capture-MS), SLC5A11 (Positive Genetic), SLC5A11 (Affinity Capture-MS), SLC5A11 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0PJK1, A8I1B9, A8WHP3, B9NAE4, D3ZIS0, O02228, O77741, P11170, P13866, P26429, P26430, P31636, P31637, P31639, P41251, P49279, P49280, P53790, P53791, P53792, P53793, P53794, P56436, P70553, P83740, Q27946, Q27981, Q28610, Q28728, Q2M3M2, Q3ZC26, Q5FY69, Q5SWY8, Q6R4Q5, Q7T384, Q8BGY9, Q8C3K6, Q8K0E3, Q8UWF0, Q8VDT1

Diamond homologs: A0PJK1, A8I1B9, A8WHP3, D3ZIS0, P11170, P13866, P26429, P26430, P31636, P31637, P31639, P53790, P53791, P53792, P53793, P53794, P96169, Q28610, Q28728, Q2M3M2, Q3ZC26, Q5FY69, Q5SWY8, Q6R4Q5, Q8C3K6, Q8K0E3, Q8VDT1, Q8WWX8, Q91ZP4, Q923I7, Q9ET37, Q9JKZ2, Q9NY91, Q9Z1F2, P31448

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

95 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance81
Likely benign4
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2701 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
16:24861971:T:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
16:24862599:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
16:24862600:G:GAacceptor_gain1.0000
16:24862668:GGCCA:Gdonor_gain1.0000
16:24862669:GCCAG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
16:24862673:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
16:24869895:CCACA:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
16:24869896:CACA:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
16:24869897:ACAGG:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
16:24869898:CA:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
16:24869899:A:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
16:24869900:G:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
16:24870006:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
16:24875728:CTCGG:Cdonor_loss1.0000
16:24875729:TCGG:Tdonor_loss1.0000
16:24875732:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
16:24875733:T:Gdonor_loss1.0000
16:24884132:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
16:24897970:CCAG:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
16:24897972:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
16:24897972:A:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
16:24897972:AG:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
16:24897972:AGGT:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
16:24897973:G:GGacceptor_gain1.0000
16:24897973:G:GTacceptor_loss1.0000
16:24897973:GG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
16:24897973:GGT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
16:24897973:GGTG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
16:24897973:GGTGA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
16:24898106:CCAG:Cdonor_loss1.0000

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000008443 (16:24862460 C>A), RS1000050412 (16:24886466 TTC>T), RS1000080609 (16:24901912 C>T), RS1000093050 (16:24891567 T>A), RS1000124796 (16:24903642 T>C), RS1000261917 (16:24880675 C>T), RS1000280890 (16:24883894 G>A), RS1000331901 (16:24895909 G>A), RS1000377250 (16:24896216 T>C), RS1000441963 (16:24889566 T>C), RS1000489267 (16:24904072 C>T), RS1000493646 (16:24845394 T>C), RS1000506004 (16:24857941 G>A), RS1000536957 (16:24857591 G>A), RS1000607202 (16:24851666 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:610238 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

6 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST002479_14Lupus nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus5.000000e-07
GCST003119_20Urinary metabolites9.000000e-66
GCST006979_653Heel bone mineral density6.000000e-10
GCST007611_6Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or high blood pressure (pleiotropy)1.000000e-08
GCST009733_45Urinary metabolite levels in chronic kidney disease7.000000e-30
GCST010703_260Brain morphology (MOSTest)2.000000e-13

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0005116urinary metabolite measurement
EFO:0009270heel bone mineral density
EFO:0004346neuroimaging measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL1744524 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

1 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 5,323 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

MoleculeNamePhasePatents
CHEMBL429910DAPAGLIFLOZIN45,323

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: transporter — Sodium myo-inositol cotransporter transporters

Most potent curated ligand interactions (1 total), top 1:

LigandActionAffinityParameter
phlorizinInhibition4.1pKi

ChEMBL bioactivities

2 potent at pChembl≥5 of 3 total, top 2 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChemblTypeValueUnitMolecule
6.42IC50380nMDAPAGLIFLOZIN
5.04IC509200nMCHEMBL1762505

PubChem BioAssay actives

2 with measured affinity, of 4 total; 2 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

CompoundAssayTypeValueUnit
Dapagliflozin589976: Inhibition of SGLT6 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of [14C]-alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside transport after 60 mins by scintillation countingic500.3800uM
6,8-dichloro-4-[[5-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-4-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]methyl]-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one589976: Inhibition of SGLT6 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of [14C]-alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside transport after 60 mins by scintillation countingic509.2000uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

26 total (human), top 26 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation, increases expression4
sodium arseniteaffects methylation, increases expression2
aristolochic acid Iincreases expression1
methyleugenolincreases expression1
propionaldehydedecreases expression1
bisphenol Adecreases expression1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphatedecreases expression1
butyraldehydedecreases expression1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteineaffects response to substance, increases expression, affects cotreatment1
pentanaldecreases expression1
CGP 52608affects binding, increases reaction1
abrinedecreases expression1
(+)-JQ1 compounddecreases expression1
Aldehydesdecreases expression1
Lipopolysaccharidesaffects response to substance, increases expression, affects cotreatment1
N-Nitrosopyrrolidineincreases expression1
Phenobarbitalincreases expression1
Rifampinincreases expression1
Silicon Dioxidedecreases expression1
Thiramincreases expression1
Triclosanincreases expression1
Urethanedecreases expression1
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Aciddecreases expression1
Aflatoxin B1decreases expression1
Okadaic Acidincreases expression1
Copper Sulfateincreases expression1

ChEMBL screening assays

2 unique, capped per target: 1 binding, 1 functional

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL1763187BindingInhibition of SGLT6 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of [14C]-alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside transport after 60 mins by scintillation countingDiscovery of non-glucoside SGLT2 inhibitors. — Bioorg Med Chem Lett
CHEMBL5209619FunctionalSubstrate uptake by the Sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter 2 (SMIT2, SLC5A11) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC5A11 cells (PubChem AID: 1794826)Membrane potential based assay for SLC5A11 using HEK-293 SLC5A11 OE cells

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

  • Disease cohort memberships (association, not causation — diseases whose associated-gene cohort lists this gene; a subset are also under Associated diseases): lupus nephritis