SLC9A4

Summary

SLC9A4 (solute carrier family 9 member A4, HGNC:11077) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2q12.1, encoding Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 4 (Q6AI14). Electroneutral antiporter that exchanges sodium for protons or ammonium ions at the basolateral membrane of epithelia to regulate cell volume and intracellular pH upon hypertonic conditions.

Predicted to enable potassium:proton antiporter activity and sodium:proton antiporter activity. Predicted to be involved in monoatomic cation transmembrane transport; regulation of intracellular pH; and transepithelial ammonium transport. Predicted to act upstream of or within gastric acid secretion and glandular epithelial cell development. Predicted to be located in basolateral plasma membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane.

Source: NCBI Gene 389015 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 21
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 159 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001011552

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:11077
Approved symbol	SLC9A4
Name	solute carrier family 9 member A4
Location	2q12.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	NHE4
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000180251
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	600531
Entrez	389015

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 2 — 1 protein_coding, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000295269, ENST00000492154

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001011552 NM_001011552

CCDS: CCDS33264

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000295269 — 12 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000999646	102519859	102519955
ENSE00000999647	102514090	102514251
ENSE00001163913	102512203	102512273
ENSE00001237904	102525024	102525155
ENSE00001471641	102532330	102533972
ENSE00001471643	102526259	102526346
ENSE00001471644	102508847	102508933
ENSE00001471646	102508079	102508281
ENSE00001471647	102505254	102505471
ENSE00001471648	102503448	102503707
ENSE00001471649	102478839	102479302
ENSE00001471650	102473226	102474015

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 67 present calls, max score 83.87.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.1582 / max 82.5784, expressed in 66 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (6 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
21752	0.0428	21
21751	0.0347	14
21748	0.0235	5
21750	0.0224	7
21749	0.0210	6
21753	0.0138	5

Top tissues by expression

125 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	83.87	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	79.33	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	78.30	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	75.10	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	72.84	gold quality
kidney	UBERON:0002113	70.85	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	69.12	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	67.36	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	65.76	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	64.82	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	60.90	gold quality
cortex of kidney	UBERON:0001225	58.14	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	57.04	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	53.97	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	53.38	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	52.82	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	51.08	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	49.55	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	49.49	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	48.01	silver quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	46.54	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	45.27	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	44.80	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	44.20	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	44.15	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	42.89	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	41.16	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	40.86	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	40.51	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	40.08	silver quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	4.23
E-MTAB-6386	no	14.88

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

• T84 human colon cells contain three isoforms of the Na+/H+ exchanger, NHE1, NHE2, and NHE4, but not the Cl-dependent NHE (PMID:17943310)
• Data demonstrate functional NHE4 activity in the rat and human colon and suggest that this exchanger is capable of modulating intracellular pH over a wide pH spectrum and may play an important role in maintaining cellular pH homeostasis. (PMID:22049213)
• Integrating disease and drug-related phenotypes for improved identification of pharmacogenomic variants. (PMID:33769074)
• Rare variant analysis in eczema identifies exonic variants in DUSP1, NOTCH4 and SLC9A4. (PMID:34785669)

Cross-species orthologs

8 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Slc9a4	ENSMUSG00000026065
rattus_norvegicus	Slc9a4	ENSRNOG00000015306
drosophila_melanogaster	Nhe3	FBGN0028703
drosophila_melanogaster	Nhe2	FBGN0040297
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00003730
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00003732
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00003733
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00003734

Paralogs (10): SLC9A7 (ENSG00000065923), SLC9A3 (ENSG00000066230), SLC9A1 (ENSG00000090020), SLC9A2 (ENSG00000115616), SLC9A5 (ENSG00000135740), SLC9C2 (ENSG00000162753), SLC9C1 (ENSG00000172139), SLC9A9 (ENSG00000181804), SLC9A8 (ENSG00000197818), SLC9A6 (ENSG00000198689)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 4 — Q6AI14 (reviewed: Q6AI14)

Alternative names: Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 4, Solute carrier family 9 member 4

All UniProt accessions (1): Q6AI14

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Electroneutral antiporter that exchanges sodium for protons or ammonium ions at the basolateral membrane of epithelia to regulate cell volume and intracellular pH upon hypertonic conditions. As part of transcellular ammonia transport in renal tubules, mediates basolateral ammonium extrusion in the medullary thick ascending limb, regulating the corticopapillary ammonium gradient and overall renal acid excretion. Mediates sodium:proton exchange in gastric parietal cells secondary to cAMP-dependent acid secretion and hyperosmolarity. Possibly coupled to chloride:bicarbonate antiporter, enables loading of parietal cells with sodium and chloride ions to maintain cell volume and normal gastric acid secretion. Functions as a sodium sensor in neurons of organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis where it regulates water intake in response to increased sodium concentration in body fluids.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer; each protomer has one site for sodium and one site for proton binding. Interacts with CHP1 and CHP2.

Subcellular location. Basolateral cell membrane. Apical cell membrane. Zymogen granule membrane.

Post-translational modifications. May be phosphorylated.

Similarity. Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2.A.36) family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_001011552* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001953	NHE-2/4	Family
IPR004709	NaH_exchanger	Family
IPR006153	Cation/H_exchanger_TM	Domain
IPR018422	Cation/H_exchanger_CPA1	Family
IPR032103	NHE_CaM-bd	Domain

Pfam: PF00999, PF16644

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 2 shown:

• Na(+)(in) + H(+)(out) = Na(+)(out) + H(+)(in) (RHEA:29419)
• Na(+)(out) + NH4(+)(in) = Na(+)(in) + NH4(+)(out) (RHEA:76431)

UniProt features (36 total): topological domain 14, transmembrane region 10, intramembrane region 3, region of interest 2, sequence variant 2, sequence conflict 2, chain 1, compositionally biased region 1, glycosylation site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q6AI14-F1	66.73	0.26

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Glycosylation sites (1): 342

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-425986	Sodium/Proton exchangers
R-HSA-382551	Transport of small molecules
R-HSA-425393
R-HSA-425407	SLC-mediated transmembrane transport

MSigDB gene sets: 91 (showing top): GOBP_POTASSIUM_ION_TRANSPORT, GOBP_DIGESTION, GOBP_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_ACID_SECRETION, GOBP_EPITHELIAL_CELL_DEVELOPMENT, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, GOBP_SODIUM_ION_TRANSMEMBRANE_TRANSPORT, chr2q12, GOBP_MONOATOMIC_CATION_TRANSPORT, GOBP_TRANSEPITHELIAL_TRANSPORT, GOBP_SECRETION, GOBP_DIGESTIVE_SYSTEM_PROCESS, GOMF_PROTON_TRANSMEMBRANE_TRANSPORTER_ACTIVITY, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_PH, GOCC_APICAL_PLASMA_MEMBRANE

GO Biological Process (12): gastric acid secretion (GO:0001696), glandular epithelial cell development (GO:0002068), monoatomic ion transport (GO:0006811), regulation of intracellular pH (GO:0051453), transepithelial ammonium transport (GO:0070634), potassium ion transmembrane transport (GO:0071805), sodium ion import across plasma membrane (GO:0098719), monoatomic cation transport (GO:0006812), sodium ion transport (GO:0006814), regulation of pH (GO:0006885), transmembrane transport (GO:0055085), proton transmembrane transport (GO:1902600)

GO Molecular Function (3): sodium:proton antiporter activity (GO:0015385), potassium:proton antiporter activity (GO:0015386), antiporter activity (GO:0015297)

GO Cellular Component (6): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), basolateral plasma membrane (GO:0016323), apical plasma membrane (GO:0016324), zymogen granule membrane (GO:0042589), membrane (GO:0016020), cytoplasmic vesicle (GO:0031410)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Metal ion SLC transporters	1
Transport of small molecules	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
transport	2
monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	2
metal cation:proton antiporter activity	2
plasma membrane region	2
digestive system process	1
acid secretion	1
columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell development	1
glandular epithelial cell differentiation	1
regulation of pH	1
intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis	1
regulation of biological quality	1
transepithelial transport	1
nitrogen compound transport	1
potassium ion transport	1
sodium ion transmembrane transport	1
inorganic cation import across plasma membrane	1
monoatomic ion transport	1
metal ion transport	1
monoatomic cation homeostasis	1
biological regulation	1
cellular process	1
sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity	1
solute:potassium antiporter activity	1
secondary active transmembrane transporter activity	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
basal plasma membrane	1
apical part of cell	1
secretory granule membrane	1
zymogen granule	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

738 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
SLC9A4	SLC9B2	Q86UD5	585
SLC9A4	IL18R1	Q13478	574
SLC9A4	SLC12A1	Q13621	546
SLC9A4	SLC26A6	Q9BXS9	532
SLC9A4	IL1RL1	Q01638	520
SLC9A4	RHCG	Q9UBD6	514
SLC9A4	SLC4A7	Q9Y6M7	513
SLC9A4	SLC9B1	Q4ZJI4	496
SLC9A4	ENTR1	Q96C92	490
SLC9A4	RHBG	Q9H310	472
SLC9A4	NKX2-3	Q8TAU0	468
SLC9A4	CALM1	P02593	465
SLC9A4	NHERF1	O14745	453
SLC9A4	SLC4A4	Q9Y6R1	446
SLC9A4	SLC4A5	Q9BY07	440

IntAct

4 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
SLC9A4	RNF181	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
IL37	SLC9A4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
SLC9A4	TMEM131L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (66): SLC9A4 (Reconstituted Complex), SLC9A4 (Reconstituted Complex), RNF181 (Affinity Capture-MS), SLC9A4 (Affinity Capture-MS), ABHD15 (Affinity Capture-MS), ADCY3 (Affinity Capture-MS), AMFR (Affinity Capture-MS), ARL6IP6 (Affinity Capture-MS), ATF6 (Affinity Capture-MS), B3GALNT2 (Affinity Capture-MS), BAG2 (Affinity Capture-MS), BAG5 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CNNM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), DNAJB1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1L3P4, A4IHB9, D3ZJ86, D4A7H1, F7B113, O00341, O16452, O54701, P19634, P23791, P26431, P26432, P26434, P31596, P35449, P43004, P43006, P48761, P48762, P48763, P48764, P50482, Q01345, Q28036, Q3ZAS0, Q4R335, Q56XP4, Q61165, Q68KI4, Q6AI14, Q6DFC0, Q84WG1, Q8BLV3, Q8BUE1, Q8BUN9, Q8BYR8, Q8BZ00, Q8IVB4, Q8JZR4, Q8RWU6

Diamond homologs: A1L3P4, B2RXE2, D3ZJ86, D4A7H1, F7B113, G3X939, M5A7P9, O13726, P19634, P23791, P26431, P26432, P26433, P26434, P48761, P48762, P48763, P48764, Q01345, Q04121, Q14940, Q28362, Q3ZAS0, Q4L208, Q4R8V4, Q552S0, Q56XP4, Q58916, Q5ZJ75, Q61165, Q68KI4, Q6AI14, Q84WG1, Q8BLV3, Q8BUE1, Q8BZ00, Q8IVB4, Q8R4D1, Q8RWU6, Q8S396

SIGNOR signaling

2 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
SLC9A4	“down-regulates quantity”	hydron	relocalization
SLC9A4	“up-regulates quantity”	sodium(1+)	relocalization

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

159 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	136
Likely benign	7
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2222 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
2:102479231:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
2:102505251:TAGA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:102505252:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:102505253:G:GC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:102505253:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:102505253:GAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:102505253:GAATC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:102505462:A:T	donor_gain	1.0000
2:102505469:TCA:T	donor_gain	1.0000
2:102505472:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
2:102505483:C:T	donor_gain	1.0000
2:102508932:GT:G	donor_gain	1.0000
2:102508934:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
2:102512274:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
2:102514247:CATCA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
2:102514249:TCA:T	donor_gain	1.0000
2:102514250:CA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
2:102514252:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
2:102525113:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
2:102525126:A:T	donor_gain	1.0000
2:102526244:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:102526244:ACTT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:102526343:TCAG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
2:102526344:CAGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
2:102526345:AGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
2:102526346:GGTAA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
2:102526348:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
2:102476062:A:G	donor_gain	0.9900
2:102479300:GTG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
2:102503442:GCCTA:G	acceptor_loss	0.9900

AlphaMissense

5266 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
2:102503581:G:A	G285E	0.999
2:102503655:A:C	S310R	0.999
2:102503657:C:A	S310R	0.999
2:102503657:C:G	S310R	0.999
2:102478983:T:C	L134P	0.998
2:102503593:C:A	A289E	0.998
2:102503635:C:A	P303Q	0.998
2:102503635:C:G	P303R	0.998
2:102503644:T:A	V306D	0.998
2:102505299:C:A	N342K	0.998
2:102505299:C:G	N342K	0.998
2:102505357:A:C	S362R	0.998
2:102505359:C:A	S362R	0.998
2:102505359:C:G	S362R	0.998
2:102473985:T:A	W76R	0.997
2:102473985:T:C	W76R	0.997
2:102478989:C:G	P136R	0.997
2:102503569:G:A	G281D	0.997
2:102503580:G:A	G285R	0.997
2:102503580:G:C	G285R	0.997
2:102479001:T:C	L140P	0.996
2:102503568:G:C	G281R	0.996
2:102505384:G:C	G371R	0.996
2:102478989:C:A	P136Q	0.995
2:102503556:G:A	G277R	0.995
2:102503556:G:C	G277R	0.995
2:102503605:G:C	R293P	0.995
2:102503676:G:C	A317P	0.995
2:102503677:C:A	A317D	0.995
2:102505268:C:A	A332E	0.995

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000046180 (2:102491307 T>A), RS1000102975 (2:102512688 G>A,T), RS1000175109 (2:102512587 C>A,T), RS1000216993 (2:102474754 C>A,T), RS1000243556 (2:102494464 T>A,C), RS1000318996 (2:102472181 T>C), RS1000327172 (2:102509924 C>G,T), RS1000462262 (2:102485274 C>G), RS1000518225 (2:102492039 T>C), RS1000525090 (2:102477443 A>C), RS1000537601 (2:102471957 C>T), RS1000652644 (2:102474413 G>A), RS1000668041 (2:102490040 T>C), RS1000677731 (2:102482659 A>T), RS1000684072 (2:102529749 C>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:600531 | disease phenotypes: MIM:207500, MIM:301800

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): imperforate anus (MONDO:0001046)

Orphanet (1): Non-syndromic anorectal malformation (Orphanet:557)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

21 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000157_6	Celiac disease	4.000000e-09
GCST001134_14	White blood cell types	7.000000e-06
GCST002166_8	Serum protein levels (sST2)	3.000000e-33
GCST003542_105	Night sleep phenotypes	9.000000e-06
GCST004131_93	Inflammatory bowel disease	5.000000e-11
GCST004132_63	Crohn’s disease	6.000000e-11
GCST004627_78	Lymphocyte count	6.000000e-16
GCST005851_3	Delirium	1.000000e-08
GCST007563_2	Allergic disease (asthma, hay fever or eczema)	4.000000e-24
GCST007564_34	Asthma or allergic disease (pleiotropy)	2.000000e-27
GCST008058_275	Estimated glomerular filtration rate	1.000000e-07
GCST008059_210	Estimated glomerular filtration rate	2.000000e-08
GCST008097_17	Bisphosphonate-associated atypical femoral fracture	1.000000e-06
GCST008489_8	Celiac disease	3.000000e-08
GCST008916_108	Asthma	1.000000e-22
GCST008916_29	Asthma	2.000000e-60
GCST009874_7	Celiac disease	2.000000e-16
GCST010090_2	Atopic dermatitis	6.000000e-11
GCST90000025_759	Appendicular lean mass	2.000000e-16
GCST90002379_24	Basophil count	5.000000e-12
GCST90002391_137	Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration	5.000000e-13

EFO canonical traits (7, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004842	eosinophil count
EFO:0004587	lymphocyte count
EFO:0009958	response to bisphosphonate
EFO:0009960	atypical femoral fracture
EFO:0004980	appendicular lean mass
EFO:0005090	basophil count
EFO:0004528	mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D001006	Anus, Imperforate	C06.198.050; C16.131.314.094

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: transporter — SLC9 family of sodium/hydrogen exchangers

CTD chemical–gene interactions

14 total (human), top 14 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
aflatoxin B2	increases methylation	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	affects response to substance, increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
3-iodothyronamine	affects uptake	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
NSC668394	increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Caffeine	increases phosphorylation	1
Estradiol	decreases expression	1
Lipopolysaccharides	affects response to substance, increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Protons	affects transport	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	decreases methylation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

18 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT04904081	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Feasibility of Use of Indocyanine Green in Pediatric Colorectal Surgery
NCT00883571	Not specified	COMPLETED	Comparative Study of the House Advancement Flap, Rhomboid Flap, and Y-V Anoplasty
NCT04106947	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Transition of Care for Patients With Hirschsprung Disease and Anorectal Malformations
NCT04710433	Not specified	COMPLETED	Non-invasive Sacral Nerve Stimulation in Children and Adolescents With Chronic Constipation
NCT04713085	Not specified	COMPLETED	Sacral Neuromodulation in Children and Adolescents
NCT04901819	Not specified	COMPLETED	Longterm Outcomes of Individuals With Anorectal Malformations
NCT05045560	Not specified	COMPLETED	Study of Antenatal and Postnatal Data of Anorectal Malformations Diagnosed at Montpellier University Hospital Over a 10-year Period (2010-2020)
NCT05293353	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Neokare Safety and Tolerability Assessment in Neonates With GI Problems
NCT05450991	Not specified	RECRUITING	Long-term Qualitative and Quantitative Outcomes of Children With Hirschsprung’s Disease and Anorectal Malformations
NCT05621629	Not specified	COMPLETED	Management of FI After Surgery of ARM
NCT05749406	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Parental Attitudes to Neoanus Dilatations Post-reconstruction in Anorectal Malformations
NCT06065995	Not specified	TERMINATED	StoMakker Mobile Application
NCT06234020	Not specified	COMPLETED	Frequency of Vertebrospinal Anomalies in Patients Presenting With Anorectal Malformations
NCT06860906	Not specified	COMPLETED	V-Y Flap for Anal Stenosis
NCT07029984	Not specified	RECRUITING	Baylor Continence Scale Validity in Anorectal Malformation
NCT07099339	Not specified	COMPLETED	Effect of Pudendal Nerve Electrical Stimulation on Fecal Incontinence in Children With Repaired Anorectal Malformation
NCT07366476	Not specified	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Effectiveness of Electrical Stimulation and Biofeedback on Fecal Incontinence in Children With Repaired Anorectal Malformation
NCT07438691	Not specified	RECRUITING	Outcomes in ARMs: Comparison Between Surgical Techniques in Patients With Perineal or Vestibular Fistula - a Multicenter Italian Study