SMPDL3A

Summary

SMPDL3A (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid like 3A, HGNC:17389) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 6q22.31, encoding Cyclic GMP-AMP phosphodiesterase SMPDL3A (Q92484). Cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase that acts as a negative regulator of innate immunity by mediating degradation of 2’,3’-cGAMP, thereby inhibiting the cGAS-STING signaling.

Enables phosphoric diester hydrolase activity and zinc ion binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway and nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process. Located in extracellular exosome. Is active in extracellular space.

Source: NCBI Gene 10924 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): sensory peripheral neuropathy (Limited, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 55 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_006714

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:17389
Approved symbol	SMPDL3A
Name	sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid like 3A
Location	6q22.31
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ20177, ASM3A, ASML3a, yR36GH4.1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000172594
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	610728
Entrez	10924

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 7 — 6 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000368440, ENST00000487215, ENST00000539041, ENST00000894534, ENST00000894535, ENST00000894536, ENST00000894537

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_006714 NM_001286138, NM_006714

CCDS: CCDS5128, CCDS69190

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000368440 — 8 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001190572	122806233	122806357
ENSE00001298431	122804909	122805089
ENSE00001305723	122803664	122803833
ENSE00001323388	122801310	122801406
ENSE00001447138	122809091	122809720
ENSE00001831712	122789258	122789458
ENSE00003616707	122795677	122795890
ENSE00003692538	122796824	122796968

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 280 present calls, max score 98.69.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 28.1981 / max 669.9432, expressed in 1709 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
69545	25.9917	1705
69544	1.1894	702
69546	0.8792	413
69547	0.1378	48

Top tissues by expression

293 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	98.69	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	98.58	gold quality
colonic mucosa	UBERON:0000317	98.57	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	98.40	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	97.62	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	96.76	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	96.29	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	96.27	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	96.07	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	95.62	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	95.25	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	95.22	gold quality
jejunum	UBERON:0002115	95.10	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	94.99	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	94.60	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	94.46	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	94.46	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	94.38	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	94.24	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	94.04	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	93.78	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	93.03	gold quality
nephron tubule	UBERON:0001231	92.90	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	92.60	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	92.54	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	92.26	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	92.22	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	92.03	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	91.96	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	91.91	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

24 targeting SMPDL3A, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-188-3P	100.00	68.76	1240
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-MIR-186-5P	99.99	70.83	3707
HSA-MIR-4482-3P	99.98	72.50	3147
HSA-MIR-548P	99.98	72.25	3784
HSA-MIR-568	99.98	69.86	2084
HSA-MIR-5688	99.96	73.23	4504
HSA-MIR-3910	99.95	71.13	2227
HSA-MIR-1305	99.91	71.43	3443
HSA-MIR-369-3P	99.85	70.52	2264
HSA-MIR-4495	99.82	72.08	3080
HSA-MIR-374C-5P	99.80	72.06	2910
HSA-MIR-655-3P	99.80	72.19	2909
HSA-MIR-3156-3P	99.76	66.72	939
HSA-MIR-7157-5P	99.66	69.33	1829
HSA-MIR-4310	99.59	68.84	2527
HSA-MIR-7159-5P	99.53	72.12	2472
HSA-MIR-892C-5P	99.16	70.56	2116
HSA-MIR-4797-3P	97.48	67.14	989
HSA-MIR-6841-5P	97.19	67.29	409
HSA-MIR-4695-3P	96.71	67.21	836
HSA-MIR-4790-5P	96.67	67.45	167
HSA-MIR-4524B-3P	95.52	64.12	964

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 6)

• ASML3a is involved in the process of bladder tumorigenesis (PMID:12442002)
• the induction of SMPDL3A is liver X receptor-dependent and is restricted to human blood cells with no induction observed in mouse cellular systems. (PMID:22810003)
• Data indicate that sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid-like 3A (SMPDL3A) is a nucleotide phosphodiesterase secreted from cholesterol-loaded macrophages. (PMID:25288789)
• Solved the structure of SMPDL3a revealing a calcineurin-like fold. A dimetal site, glycosylation pattern and a disulfide bond network are likely to be conserved also in aSMase. We show that the binuclear site of SMPDL3a is occupied by two Zn(2+) ions. (PMID:26783088)
• Site-specific N-glycosylation is essential for the intracellular stability, secretion and activity of human SMPDL3A. (PMID:28104755)
• Activation of pregnane X receptor induces SMPDL3A expression in primary hepatocytes. (PMID:28414139)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	smpdl3a	ENSDARG00000053119
mus_musculus	Smpdl3a	ENSMUSG00000019872
rattus_norvegicus	Smpdl3a	ENSRNOG00000066945
drosophila_melanogaster	CG32052	FBGN0044328
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00014106

Paralogs (2): SMPDL3B (ENSG00000130768), SMPD1 (ENSG00000166311)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Cyclic GMP-AMP phosphodiesterase SMPDL3A — Q92484 (reviewed: Q92484)

Alternative names: Acid sphingomyelinase-like phosphodiesterase 3a

All UniProt accessions (1): Q92484

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase that acts as a negative regulator of innate immunity by mediating degradation of 2’,3’-cGAMP, thereby inhibiting the cGAS-STING signaling. Specifically linearizes 2’,3’-cGAMP into 2'5’-bond pGpA and further hydrolyzes pGpA to produce GpA. Also has in vitro nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity with nucleoside triphosphates, such as ATP. Has in vitro activity with p-nitrophenyl-TMP. Has lower activity with nucleoside diphosphates, and no activity with nucleoside monophosphates. Has in vitro activity with CDP-choline, giving rise to CMP and phosphocholine. Has in vitro activity with CDP-ethanolamine. Does not have sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity.

Subunit / interactions. Monomer. Homodimer; homodimerizes following 2’,3’-cGAMP-binding.

Subcellular location. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Detected in blood serum. Detected in macrophages (at protein level).

Post-translational modifications. N-glycosylation is required for protein maturation, secretion and phosphodiesterase activity.

Activity regulation. Requires micromolar levels of Zn(2+) for activity. Inhibited by millimolar levels of Zn(2+).

Cofactor. Binds 2 Zn(2+) per subunit.

Induction. Up-regulated in macrophages in response to cholesterol accumulation. Up-regulated by cAMP. Expression is stimulated by LXL lipid metabolism.

Similarity. Belongs to the acid sphingomyelinase family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q92484-1	1	yes
Q92484-2	2

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001273067, NP_006705* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR004843	Calcineurin-like_PHP	Domain
IPR017064	ASM-like_Pdiesterase_prd	Family
IPR029052	Metallo-depent_PP-like	Homologous_superfamily
IPR041805	ASMase/PPN1_MPP	Domain
IPR045473	ASM_C	Domain

Pfam: PF00149, PF19272

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 3.1.4.1 — phosphodiesterase I (BRENDA: 46 organisms, 274 substrates, 536 inhibitors, 102 Km, 61 kcat entries)
• EC 3.1.4.12 — sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase (BRENDA: 30 organisms, 220 substrates, 319 inhibitors, 54 Km, 10 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

53 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 15. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
SPHINGOMYELIN	0.0006–13	30
P-NITROPHENYL PHENYLPHOSPHONATE	0.31–202	14
P-NITROPHENYLTHYMIDINE 5’-PHOSPHATE	0.043–6	14
BIS(4-NITROPHENYL)PHOSPHATE	1.2–22.2	9
P-NITROPHENYL ETHYL PHOSPHATE	1.7–73	9
BIS(P-NITROPHENYL) PHOSPHATE	0.25–14.4	6
BIS-P-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE	0.15–18.3	6
(5’-GATCTAAAAGACTT-3’)-PHOSPHOTYROSINE	0.0011–0.0048	4
DIADENOSINE 5’,5’’’-P1,P3-TRIPHOSPHATE	0.001–0.011	3
DIADENOSINE 5’,5’’’-P1,P4-TETRAPHOSPHATE	0.0006–0.008	3
P-NITROPHENYL 5’-THYMIDINE MONOPHOSPHATE	0.035–0.281	3
4-METHYLUMBELLIFERYL PHENYLPHOSPHONATE	4.9–8.2	2
4-METHYLUMBELLIFERYL THYMIDINE 5’-PHOSPHATE	0.22–2	2
4-NITROPHENYL URIDINE 5’-PHOSPHATE	0.19–0.41	2
NAD+	0.0096–0.03	2

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 4 shown:

• ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate + H(+) (RHEA:13065)
• a ribonucleoside 5’-triphosphate + H2O = a ribonucleoside 5’-diphosphate + phosphate + H(+) (RHEA:23680)
• 2’,3’-cGAMP + H2O = 5’-pGpA(2’-5’) + H(+) (RHEA:78339)
• 5’-pGpA(2’-5’) + H2O = 5’-GpA(2’-5’) + phosphate (RHEA:78343)

UniProt features (74 total): strand 19, helix 18, binding site 11, glycosylation site 7, mutagenesis site 6, turn 4, disulfide bond 3, sequence variant 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, splice variant 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
5EBB	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.6
5EBE	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q92484-F1	93.82	0.91

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (11): 252; 293; 295; 45; 47; 110; 110; 114; 151; 151; 152

Disulfide bonds (3): 62–81, 420–424, 430–443

Glycosylation sites (7): 69, 131, 222, 238, 263, 356, 437

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (6):

Position	Phenotype
69	impaired protein maturation and secretion.
112–113	abolished ability to hydrolyze 2’,3’-cgamp.
114	decreased but not abolished ability to hydrolyze 2’,3’-cgamp.
222	impaired protein maturation and secretion.
356	increased degradation by the proteasome and decreased phosphodiesterase activity.
359–362	abolished ability to dimerize and hydrolyze 2’,3’-cgamp.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 274 (showing top): GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD8A_DC_MCMV_INFECTION_DN, GOBP_PHOSPHOLIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GRUETZMANN_PANCREATIC_CANCER_DN, GOBP_SPHINGOMYELIN_METABOLIC_PROCESS, DACOSTA_UV_RESPONSE_VIA_ERCC3_UP, GOBP_ORGANOPHOSPHATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_MEMBRANE_LIPID_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_INTRACELLULAR_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, GOBP_NUCLEOBASE_CONTAINING_SMALL_MOLECULE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_RESPONSE_TO_EXTERNAL_STIMULUS, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_IMMUNE_RESPONSE, GOBP_DEFENSE_RESPONSE_TO_OTHER_ORGANISM, BACOLOD_RESISTANCE_TO_ALKYLATING_AGENTS_DN, LI_WILMS_TUMOR_VS_FETAL_KIDNEY_1_UP, GOBP_SPHINGOLIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (3): nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process (GO:0009143), negative regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway (GO:0160049), sphingomyelin catabolic process (GO:0006685)

GO Molecular Function (8): phosphoric diester hydrolase activity (GO:0008081), zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), ATP hydrolysis activity (GO:0016887), sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity (GO:0004767), protein binding (GO:0005515), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787), ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity (GO:0017111), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (3): obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), extracellular region (GO:0005576)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process	1
nucleoside phosphate catabolic process	1
negative regulation of cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway	1
cGAS/STING signaling pathway	1
sphingomyelin metabolic process	1
phospholipid catabolic process	1
sphingolipid catabolic process	1
phosphoric ester hydrolase activity	1
transition metal ion binding	1
ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity	1
ATP-dependent activity	1
phosphoric diester hydrolase activity	1
sphingophospholipase activity	1
binding	1
catalytic activity	1
pyrophosphatase activity	1
cation binding	1
extracellular vesicle	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

514 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
SMPDL3A	BRINP1	O60477	975
SMPDL3A	PRF1	P14222	711
SMPDL3A	TTC9C	Q8N5M4	530
SMPDL3A	VWDE	Q8N2E2	493
SMPDL3A	BTBD10	Q9BSF8	464
SMPDL3A	GSTT4	A0A1W2PR19	446
SMPDL3A	CDC40	O60508	432
SMPDL3A	OTOP3	Q7RTS5	419
SMPDL3A	SMPD4	Q9NXE4	406
SMPDL3A	SQOR	Q9Y6N5	391
SMPDL3A	TTC23	Q5W5X9	387
SMPDL3A	SHISAL1	Q3SXP7	377
SMPDL3A	ARHGAP1	Q07960	374
SMPDL3A	TATDN2	Q93075	373
SMPDL3A	CCDC78	A2IDD5	371

IntAct

5 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
APOA1	CNMD	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
IGF2R	MANBA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
HNF1A	SMPDL3A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (3): SMPDL3A (Affinity Capture-MS), SMPDL3A (Affinity Capture-RNA), SMPDL3A (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2VCW9, A4IG42, A7YY53, O15442, O54820, O97860, P06760, P09889, P12265, P13686, P17812, P29288, P70698, Q05117, Q0IHA5, Q10RB4, Q1L8D2, Q28FE0, Q29LW1, Q3LIE5, Q3ZC91, Q58DC0, Q5M886, Q5RCR9, Q5RET5, Q5U3W0, Q641Z7, Q66H71, Q66JJ3, Q6ING7, Q6NTR1, Q6ZJJ0, Q7T0Q0, Q7T291, Q811A3, Q84LR6, Q8BFS6, Q8BXJ9, Q8H5F8, Q91ZG2

Diamond homologs: P17405, P70158, Q04519, Q0VD19, Q10916, Q23498, Q54C16, Q54SR8, Q55C09, Q641Z7, Q92484, Q92485, Q9UAY4, P58242, Q3ZC91

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

55 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	42
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1388 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
6:122796822:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122796822:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122796822:AGG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122796823:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122796823:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122796823:GGG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122796823:GGGAT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122801282:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122801282:AAT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122801282:AATG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122801283:A:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122801283:AT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122801283:ATGGT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122801284:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122804904:TCCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:122804905:CCAG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:122804907:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122804907:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122804907:AGGT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122804908:G:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:122804908:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122804908:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122804908:GGT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122804908:GGTG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122804908:GGTGT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:122805087:AAGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:122805088:AGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:122805089:GGTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
6:122805090:G:C	donor_loss	1.0000
6:122805091:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

3005 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
6:122795805:T:A	C81S	0.997
6:122795806:G:C	C81S	0.997
6:122796828:A:C	S111R	0.997
6:122796830:C:A	S111R	0.997
6:122796830:C:G	S111R	0.997
6:122795698:A:T	D45V	0.996
6:122795748:T:A	C62S	0.996
6:122795749:G:C	C62S	0.996
6:122795883:T:A	W107R	0.996
6:122795883:T:C	W107R	0.996
6:122796826:A:T	D110V	0.996
6:122795806:G:A	C81Y	0.995
6:122795807:T:G	C81W	0.995
6:122795824:T:C	L87P	0.995
6:122796827:T:A	D110E	0.995
6:122796827:T:G	D110E	0.995
6:122801361:T:A	W175R	0.995
6:122801361:T:C	W175R	0.995
6:122803714:A:C	S207R	0.995
6:122803716:T:A	S207R	0.995
6:122803716:T:G	S207R	0.995
6:122803793:T:C	L233P	0.995
6:122795697:G:C	D45H	0.994
6:122795699:C:A	D45E	0.994
6:122795699:C:G	D45E	0.994
6:122795748:T:C	C62R	0.994
6:122795750:T:G	C62W	0.994
6:122795805:T:C	C81R	0.994
6:122795889:G:T	G109W	0.994
6:122796826:A:C	D110A	0.994

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000275135 (6:122791584 T>C), RS1000437841 (6:122798313 G>A,C), RS1000551467 (6:122800376 A>G), RS1000618323 (6:122798556 C>T), RS1000785798 (6:122790906 C>T), RS1001056971 (6:122793596 A>G), RS1001154487 (6:122802427 T>A), RS1001513292 (6:122792293 G>A), RS1001734106 (6:122791920 C>G), RS1001821217 (6:122789676 G>C), RS1001830780 (6:122794363 T>C), RS1002056050 (6:122800759 T>C), RS1002066380 (6:122793800 G>A,C), RS1002560988 (6:122800734 TTTTG>T,TTTTGTTTG), RS1002570840 (6:122801054 G>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:610728 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
sensory peripheral neuropathy	Limited	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (1): sensory peripheral neuropathy (MONDO:0002321)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST006585_112	Blood protein levels	9.000000e-161
GCST010725_10	Malaria	3.000000e-07

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: enzyme — Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase

CTD chemical–gene interactions

54 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	decreases expression, decreases methylation, affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression	7
Cyclosporine	decreases expression, increases expression	4
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, increases expression	3
Aflatoxin B1	affects expression, decreases expression	3
bisphenol A	decreases expression, increases expression	2
mercuric bromide	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	2
Arsenic	increases methylation, affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	decreases expression	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression, increases expression	2
afuresertib	increases expression	1
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
tungsten carbide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate	affects expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
cobaltous chloride	increases expression	1
zinc chromate	increases abundance, increases expression	1
cupric chloride	increases expression	1
4-aminophenylarsenoxide	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
chromium hexavalent ion	increases abundance, increases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
2-(1H-indazol-4-yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-ylthieno(3,2-d)pyrimidine	increases response to substance, increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

5 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT01526564	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Clinical Study on Acetyl-L-Carnitine
NCT01980368	Not specified	WITHDRAWN	Tai Chi Easy in Treating Cancer Survivors With Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy
NCT02539329	Not specified	COMPLETED	Characterization of Anti-FGFR3 Antibodies
NCT02565407	Not specified	COMPLETED	Robot-aided Proprioceptive Rehabilitation Training
NCT03538756	Not specified	COMPLETED	walk2Wellness: Long-term Effects of Walkasins® Wearable Sensory Prosthesis