SMPX

Summary

SMPX (small muscle protein X-linked, HGNC:11122) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome Xp22.12, encoding Small muscular protein (Q9UHP9). Plays a role in the regulatory network through which muscle cells coordinate their structural and functional states during growth, adaptation, and repair.

This gene encodes a small protein that has no known functional domains. Mutations in this gene are a cause of X-linked deafness-4, and the encoded protein may play a role in the maintenance of inner ear cells subjected to mechanical stress. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 23676 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): nonsyndromic genetic hearing loss (Definitive, ClinGen) — +3 more curated relationships
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 105 total — 16 pathogenic, 7 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 22
• MANE Select transcript: NM_014332

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:11122
Approved symbol	SMPX
Name	small muscle protein X-linked
Location	Xp22.12
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	DFNX4, Chisel, Csl
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000091482
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	300226
Entrez	23676

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 8 — 7 protein_coding, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000379494, ENST00000494525, ENST00000646008, ENST00000867835, ENST00000867836, ENST00000867837, ENST00000867838, ENST00000941554

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_014332 NM_014332

CCDS: CCDS14200

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000379494 — 5 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00003466717	21737549	21737697
ENSE00003605877	21743750	21743836
ENSE00003817292	21754246	21754302
ENSE00003817725	21757942	21758116
ENSE00003844136	21705978	21706394

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 186 present calls, max score 99.81.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 5.2022 / max 724.3427, expressed in 211 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (6 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
198701	2.2210	159
198698	1.3534	89
198699	1.0053	101
198700	0.4304	84
198702	0.1124	45
198703	0.0798	43

Top tissues by expression

276 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	99.81	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	99.78	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	99.73	gold quality
triceps brachii	UBERON:0001509	99.71	gold quality
gluteal muscle	UBERON:0002000	99.70	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	99.49	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	99.49	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	99.44	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	99.39	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	99.36	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	99.36	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	99.34	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	99.31	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	99.29	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	99.29	gold quality
cardiac atrium	UBERON:0002081	99.27	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	99.25	gold quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	99.18	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	99.11	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	99.05	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	99.05	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	99.04	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	98.85	gold quality
muscle organ	UBERON:0001630	98.29	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	98.02	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	97.85	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	96.24	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	95.21	gold quality
tongue	UBERON:0001723	90.55	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	86.93	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

71 targeting SMPX, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-1277-5P	100.00	73.95	5056
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-4776-3P	100.00	68.73	1340
HSA-MIR-200B-3P	100.00	73.31	2693
HSA-MIR-200C-3P	100.00	73.35	2685
HSA-MIR-429	100.00	73.44	2698
HSA-MIR-6077	99.99	68.04	2299
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-3185	99.99	68.12	1959
HSA-MIR-3662	99.99	73.82	5684
HSA-MIR-485-3P	99.98	70.68	1585
HSA-MIR-539-3P	99.98	70.74	1616
HSA-MIR-520D-5P	99.98	73.34	4883
HSA-MIR-524-5P	99.98	73.43	4882
HSA-LET-7C-3P	99.95	73.42	2862
HSA-MIR-559	99.95	72.28	3609
HSA-MIR-548AB	99.95	71.31	3488
HSA-MIR-548A-5P	99.94	71.27	3482
HSA-MIR-548AD-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548AE-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548AK	99.94	71.24	3488
HSA-MIR-548AM-5P	99.94	71.24	3488
HSA-MIR-548AP-5P	99.94	71.14	3489
HSA-MIR-548AQ-5P	99.94	71.34	3426
HSA-MIR-548AR-5P	99.94	71.28	3515
HSA-MIR-548AS-5P	99.94	71.22	3482
HSA-MIR-548AU-5P	99.94	71.24	3488
HSA-MIR-548AY-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548B-5P	99.94	71.23	3502

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 13)

• Our study identified mutations in SMPX in patients with X-chromosomal hearing impairment and suggested that the stress response of mechanically challenged inner-ear cells might critically depend on SMPX function. (PMID:21549336)
• This study identifies SMPX as a gene in which variation is associated with X-linked deafness and illustrates that NGS is instrumental in the efficient identification of disease-causing variants in unexpected genes. (PMID:21549342)
• Demonstrate phenotypic heterogeneity in large family with an X-linked pattern of inherited sensorineural hearing impairment with SMPX mutations. (PMID:21893181)
• Data indicate founder mutation in exon 3 (c.99delC) of SMPX that cosegregates in two Newfoundland families. (PMID:22911656)
• Audiological, medical, and family histories were collected and family members interviewed to compare hearing thresholds and case histories between cases with mutations in SMPX versus POU3F4. (PMID:24687041)
• SMPX is localized predominantly in repetitive double stripes flanking the Z-disc, and not present in nuclei. (PMID:24936977)
• Results show that SMPX expression is regulated by NOR-1 which binds to SMPX promoter and induces its activity promoting myotube differentiation. (PMID:27181368)
• A novel frameshift mutation in SMPX. (PMID:28542515)
• We report the first SMPX (DFNX4) mutation in a North American family. Our findings contribute to the existing genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of SMPX associated hearing loss. Furthermore, our data suggest that exome sequencing is promising in the genetic diagnosis of hearing loss (PMID:29287879)
• detected a single nucleotide variation in two male controls with normal hearing, SMPX c.55A>G (p.Asn19Asp), which has been annotated as a rare variant in the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (dbSNP) (rs759552778) and Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) databases. This study has enriched the mutation spectrum of the SMPX gene (PMID:29559740)
• A donor splice-site variant in SMPX causes rare X-linked congenital deafness. (PMID:31478598)
• In silico analysis of nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) of the SMPX gene. (PMID:31583691)
• Missense mutations in small muscle protein X-linked (SMPX) cause distal myopathy with protein inclusions. (PMID:33974137)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	smpx	ENSDARG00000045302
mus_musculus	Smpx	ENSMUSG00000041476
rattus_norvegicus	Smpx	ENSRNOG00000007495

Protein

Protein identifiers

Small muscular protein — Q9UHP9 (reviewed: Q9UHP9)

Alternative names: Stretch-responsive skeletal muscle protein

All UniProt accessions (1): Q9UHP9

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Plays a role in the regulatory network through which muscle cells coordinate their structural and functional states during growth, adaptation, and repair.

Tissue specificity. Preferentially and abundantly expressed in heart and skeletal muscle.

Disease relevance. Deafness, X-linked, 4 (DFNX4) [MIM:300066] A non-syndromic form of sensorineural, progressive hearing loss with postlingual onset. In affected males, the auditory impairment affects initially high-frequency hearing. It later evolves to become severe to profound and affects all frequencies. Carrier females manifest moderate hearing impairment in the high frequencies. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Myopathy, distal, 7, adult-onset, X-linked (MPD7) [MIM:301075] An X-linked recessive, slowly progressive muscular disorder characterized by adult onset of distal muscle weakness predominantly, affecting the lower limbs. Some patients also have proximal muscle weakness. Histopathological and electron microscopic analysis of patient muscle biopsies reveals myopathic findings with rimmed vacuoles and the presence of sarcoplasmic inclusions, some with amyloid-like characteristics. The disease may be caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity. Belongs to the SMPX family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_055147* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR029268	Chisel	Family

Pfam: PF15355

UniProt features (6 total): sequence variant 4, chain 1, region of interest 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9UHP9-F1	67.55	0.01

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 174 (showing top): GSE37336_LY6C_POS_VS_NEG_NAIVE_CD4_TCELL_UP, AP1_01, HNF3ALPHA_Q6, RORA1_01, GCANCTGNY_MYOD_Q6, MODULE_522, MEF2_02, GOBP_MUSCLE_CONTRACTION, OCT1_03, WTGAAAT_UNKNOWN, GRE_C, TGANTCA_AP1_C, NRF2_Q4, AACTTT_UNKNOWN, GOBP_MUSCLE_SYSTEM_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (1): striated muscle contraction (GO:0006941)

GO Molecular Function (0):

GO Cellular Component (6): nucleus (GO:0005634), muscle tendon junction (GO:0005927), M band (GO:0031430), costamere (GO:0043034), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), contractile muscle fiber (GO:0043292)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	3
muscle contraction	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
cell-substrate junction	1
A band	1
myofibril	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
supramolecular fiber	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1052 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
SMPX	PDK3	Q15120	893
SMPX	ITGB1BP2	Q9UKP3	858
SMPX	PDHA1	P08559	763
SMPX	PRPS1	P09329	732
SMPX	PRPS1L1	P21108	717
SMPX	COL4A6	Q14031	667
SMPX	TSPEAR	Q8WU66	665
SMPX	FOXO4	P98177	649
SMPX	POU3F4	P49335	642
SMPX	GPSM2	P81274	617
SMPX	TPRN	Q4KMQ1	613
SMPX	CEACAM16	Q2WEN9	602
SMPX	LOXHD1	Q8IVV2	568
SMPX	STRC	Q7RTU9	553
SMPX	TIMM8A	O60220	548

IntAct

6 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
SPINK7	UBB	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PLXNB1	HBB	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
LINC01587	UBA6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (8): SMPX (Affinity Capture-MS), SMPX (Affinity Capture-MS), SMPX (Affinity Capture-MS), SMPX (Affinity Capture-MS), SMPX (Affinity Capture-MS), SMPX (Affinity Capture-MS), SMPX (PCA), SMPX (PCA)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2AQ19, B5G1C4, B5XE27, O43395, O43768, O75391, O95983, P19237, P56211, P56212, P60840, P60841, P68210, P68211, Q0MUU2, Q13123, Q13435, Q1L8X2, Q28055, Q28GU6, Q2KI76, Q2KIA6, Q3UJB0, Q3ZBD4, Q5NVI3, Q5R5F1, Q5R5J3, Q5RAD5, Q5RB90, Q5ZIF8, Q5ZJ85, Q5ZLY8, Q66HG8, Q6DEB4, Q6GQG3, Q6NVR1, Q712U5, Q712U6, Q7TNE3, Q7ZXH9

Diamond homologs: Q0MUU2, Q3ZBD4, Q5RB90, Q925F0, Q9DC77, Q9UHP9

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

105 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	16
Likely pathogenic	7
Uncertain significance	37
Likely benign	21
Benign	6

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (23)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1445549	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.130G>T (p.Glu44Ter)	Pathogenic
1451817	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.233G>A (p.Ser78Asn)	Pathogenic
1676664	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.79C>G (p.Pro27Ala)	Pathogenic
1676665	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.38C>T (p.Ala13Val)	Pathogenic
1676666	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.19C>A (p.Pro7Thr)	Pathogenic
29945	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.175G>T (p.Gly59Ter)	Pathogenic
29946	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.109G>T (p.Glu37Ter)	Pathogenic
29947	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.214G>T (p.Glu72Ter)	Pathogenic
29948	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.130del (p.Glu44fs)	Pathogenic
3246751	NC_000023.10:g.(?21772344)(21772408_?)del	Pathogenic
3601795	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.265T>C (p.Ter89Gln)	Pathogenic
3601797	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.45+1G>T	Pathogenic
3724097	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.245del (p.Tyr82fs)	Pathogenic
40063	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.99del (p.Arg34fs)	Pathogenic
444056	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.87dup (p.Gly30fs)	Pathogenic
987023	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.127G>T (p.Glu43Ter)	Pathogenic
1065047	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.140del (p.Pro47fs)	Likely pathogenic
1297079	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.132+1G>A	Likely pathogenic
3024082	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.217del (p.Ile73fs)	Likely pathogenic
3347097	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.109dup (p.Glu37fs)	Likely pathogenic
3677196	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.45+1G>A	Likely pathogenic
417903	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.133-1G>A	Likely pathogenic
975949	NM_014332.3(SMPX):c.29del (p.Asn10fs)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

738 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
X:21737696:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:21737697:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:21743744:CCTCA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
X:21743745:CTCAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
X:21743746:TCA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:21743747:CACC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
X:21743748:A:C	donor_loss	1.0000
X:21743748:ACCT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
X:21743749:C:CA	donor_loss	1.0000
X:21743749:CCTC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
X:21743751:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
X:21743832:TTTGC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:21743833:TTGC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:21743837:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:21754241:CTT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
X:21754242:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:21754243:TACCT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:21754244:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
X:21754245:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
X:21754245:C:CG	donor_loss	1.0000
X:21754300:TCC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:21754300:TCCC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:21754301:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:21754301:CCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:21754302:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:21754303:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:21754304:T:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:21757936:GCTTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
X:21757937:CTTAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
X:21757938:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000003993 (X:21722699 C>T), RS1000090597 (X:21709840 A>G), RS1000123076 (X:21710200 A>G), RS1000168672 (X:21733926 G>C), RS1000241307 (X:21752268 A>T), RS1000253687 (X:21719859 T>C), RS1000385529 (X:21746651 T>G), RS1000470856 (X:21730175 G>A), RS1000592133 (X:21752678 T>G), RS1000787063 (X:21706735 G>A), RS1000876748 (X:21732829 G>C), RS1000877541 (X:21755528 T>C), RS1000986384 (X:21743138 G>GA), RS1001028268 (X:21717941 T>C), RS1001069580 (X:21744286 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:300226 | disease phenotypes: MIM:300066, MIM:301075, MIM:304500

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
nonsyndromic genetic hearing loss	Definitive	X-linked
hearing loss, X-linked 4	Strong	X-linked
myopathy, distal, 7, adult-onset, X-linked	Strong	X-linked
X-linked nonsyndromic hearing loss	Supportive	X-linked

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
nonsyndromic genetic hearing loss	Definitive	XL

Mondo (6): hearing loss disorder (MONDO:0005365), hearing loss, X-linked 4 (MONDO:0010238), myopathy, distal, 7, adult-onset, X-linked (MONDO:0024771), X-linked deafness (MONDO:0020768), nonsyndromic genetic hearing loss (MONDO:0019497), X-linked nonsyndromic hearing loss (MONDO:0019586)

Orphanet (2): Rare X-linked non-syndromic sensorineural deafness type DFN (Orphanet:90625), SMPX-related distal myopathy (Orphanet:700163)

HPO phenotypes

22 total (22 of 22 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000365	Hearing impairment
HP:0000407	Sensorineural hearing impairment
HP:0000518	Cataract
HP:0001419	X-linked recessive inheritance
HP:0001423	X-linked dominant inheritance
HP:0001638	Cardiomyopathy
HP:0002747	Respiratory insufficiency due to muscle weakness
HP:0003557	Increased variability in muscle fiber diameter
HP:0003596	Middle age onset
HP:0003687	Centrally nucleated skeletal muscle fibers
HP:0003691	Scapular winging
HP:0003805	Rimmed vacuoles
HP:0005101	High-frequency hearing impairment
HP:0008959	Distal upper limb muscle weakness
HP:0008994	Proximal lower limb muscle weakness
HP:0008997	Proximal upper limb muscle weakness
HP:0009053	Distal lower limb muscle weakness
HP:0011462	Young adult onset
HP:0011463	Childhood onset
HP:0012548	Fatty replacement of skeletal muscle
HP:0031318	Myofiber disarray
HP:0100303	Muscle fiber cytoplasmatic inclusion bodies

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (3)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D034381	Hearing Loss	C09.218.458.341; C10.597.751.418.341; C23.888.592.763.393.341
C564723	Deafness, X-Linked 4 (supp.)
C580334	Nonsyndromic Deafness (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

28 total (human), top 28 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression	4
Aflatoxin B1	affects expression, decreases expression, decreases methylation	3
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases expression, decreases methylation	2
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	2
bisphenol F	increases methylation	1
methyleugenol	decreases expression	1
bisphenol A	increases methylation	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	decreases expression	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
pentanal	decreases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
abrine	increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
bisphenol S	decreases methylation	1
jinfukang	increases expression	1
incobotulinumtoxinA	decreases expression	1
MT19c compound	increases expression	1
Sunitinib	decreases expression	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Doxorubicin	affects expression	1
Estradiol	decreases expression	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression	1
Triclosan	decreases expression	1
Okadaic Acid	decreases expression	1
Copper Sulfate	decreases expression	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 induced pluripotent stem cell

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_A1XG	UMi029-A	Induced pluripotent stem cell	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

301 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00205881	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Bilateral Benefit in Adult Users of the HiRes 90K Bionic Ear System
NCT00331539	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Relationship Between Auto NRT and Behavioural T & C Levels With the Nucleus Freedom Cochlear Implant
NCT00424307	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Bilateral Cochlear Implant Benefit in Young Children
NCT00765635	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Chlorobutanol, Potassium Carbonate, and Irrigation in Cerumen Removal
NCT03321006	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treating Hearing Loss to Improve Mood and Cognition in Older Adults
NCT01499901	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Comparison of the Bilateral Sequential and Simultaneous Cochlear Implantation in the Deaf Children
NCT02561091	PHASE3	COMPLETED	AM-111 in the Treatment of Acute Inner Ear Hearing Loss
NCT03331627	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of STR001-IT and STR001-ER in Patients With SSHL
NCT05532657	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	ACHIEVE Brain Health Follow-Up Study
NCT00013455	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Quantifying Auditory Perceptual Learning Following Hearing Aid Fitting
NCT00323427	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Clinical Trial of the Living Well With Hearing Loss Workshop
NCT00552786	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Antioxidation Medication for Noise-induced Hearing Loss
NCT00802425	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Efficacy of AM-111 in Patients With Acute Sensorineural Hearing Loss
NCT01139281	PHASE2	COMPLETED	The Protective Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on Cisplatin-induced Ototoxicity in Humans
NCT01451853	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	SPI-1005 for Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy Induced Hearing Loss
NCT01588925	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Hearing Preservation Using Dexamethasone and Hyaluronic Acid for Cochlear Implantation
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