SNRNP48

Summary

SNRNP48 (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein U11/U12 subunit 48, HGNC:21368) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 6p24.3, encoding U11/U12 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 48 kDa protein (Q6IEG0). Likely involved in U12-type 5’ splice site recognition. It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 36.4% of cell lines).

Predicted to enable zinc ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in RNA splicing. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. Part of U12-type spliceosomal complex.

Source: NCBI Gene 154007 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 6
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 62 total
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 36.4% of screened cell lines
• MANE Select transcript: NM_152551

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:21368
Approved symbol	SNRNP48
Name	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein U11/U12 subunit 48
Location	6p24.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ32234, dJ512B11.2, dJ336K20B.1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000168566
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
Entrez	154007

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 6 — 4 protein_coding, 1 retained_intron, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000342415, ENST00000496946, ENST00000634363, ENST00000864978, ENST00000864979, ENST00000944524

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_152551 NM_152551

CCDS: CCDS4502

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000342415 — 9 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001152705	7601336	7601524
ENSE00001154910	7595027	7595101
ENSE00001154918	7594099	7594159
ENSE00001154927	7593734	7593847
ENSE00001154932	7590198	7590413
ENSE00001428186	7608825	7611967
ENSE00003550231	7605398	7605486
ENSE00003551282	7606031	7606195
ENSE00003572019	7602623	7602744

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 244 present calls, max score 91.53.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 14.2232 / max 169.1686, expressed in 1794 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
65706	10.9125	1773
65705	3.3107	1476

Top tissues by expression

254 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	91.53	gold quality
tendon	UBERON:0000043	88.21	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	88.13	gold quality
tendon of biceps brachii	UBERON:0008188	87.68	silver quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	87.26	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	85.63	gold quality
medial globus pallidus	UBERON:0002477	84.27	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	83.98	silver quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	83.28	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	83.26	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	83.22	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	82.95	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	82.92	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	82.87	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	82.75	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	82.43	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	82.40	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	82.38	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	82.34	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	82.15	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	82.15	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	82.13	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	81.86	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	81.74	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	81.64	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	81.52	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	81.48	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	81.46	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	81.42	gold quality
cartilage tissue	UBERON:0002418	81.40	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	4.38

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

118 targeting SNRNP48, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-MIR-1277-5P	100.00	73.95	5056
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-4795-3P	100.00	74.62	4024
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-3646	100.00	73.56	5283
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-186-5P	99.99	70.83	3707
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-548P	99.98	72.25	3784
HSA-MIR-493-5P	99.96	72.47	2382
HSA-MIR-548AJ-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-548X-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-651-3P	99.94	73.48	5177
HSA-MIR-548J-3P	99.94	72.61	4881
HSA-MIR-144-3P	99.94	73.98	2698
HSA-MIR-548AE-3P	99.93	72.66	4867
HSA-MIR-548AH-3P	99.93	72.54	4872
HSA-MIR-548AM-3P	99.93	72.54	4872
HSA-MIR-548AQ-3P	99.93	72.66	4867
HSA-MIR-6768-5P	99.92	67.36	1942
HSA-MIR-145-5P	99.92	71.13	1836
HSA-MIR-5195-3P	99.92	70.92	1877
HSA-MIR-1297	99.91	73.41	3162
HSA-MIR-5680	99.91	69.83	3421
HSA-MIR-329-3P	99.91	66.56	1234
HSA-MIR-362-3P	99.91	66.38	1267
HSA-MIR-10527-5P	99.91	72.28	3754

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 36.4% of screened cell lines.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

• RNA interference-induced knockdown of 48K led to reduced cell growth and the inhibition of U12-type splicing, as well as the activation of cryptic, U2-type splice sites, suggesting that 48K plays a critical role in U12-type intron recognition. (PMID:18347052)
• A model in which the U11-48K Zn finger stabilizes U11-5’ splice site base pairing and thus plays an important role during the minor spliceosome assembly. (PMID:19217400)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	snrnp48	ENSDARG00000039989
mus_musculus	Snrnp48	ENSMUSG00000021431
rattus_norvegicus	Snrnp48	ENSRNOG00000013756

Paralogs (2): GTSF1L (ENSG00000124196), GTSF1 (ENSG00000170627)

Protein

Protein identifiers

U11/U12 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 48 kDa protein — Q6IEG0 (reviewed: Q6IEG0)

All UniProt accessions (2): Q6IEG0, A0A0U1RQZ2

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Likely involved in U12-type 5’ splice site recognition.

Subunit / interactions. Component of the U11/U12 snRNPs that are part of the U12-type spliceosome. Not found in the major spliceosome.

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

Domain organisation. The CHHC region interacts with the 5’ splice site of the U12-type intron.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q6IEG0-1	1	yes
Q6IEG0-2	2

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_689764* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR022776	TRM13/UPF0224_CHHC_Znf_dom	Domain
IPR036236	Znf_C2H2_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR051591	UPF0224_FAM112_RNA_Proc	Family

Pfam: PF05253

UniProt features (38 total): helix 12, strand 7, binding site 4, compositionally biased region 3, cross-link 2, splice variant 2, sequence variant 2, turn 2, chain 1, zinc finger region 1, sequence conflict 1, region of interest 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

7 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
9GCL	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3
9GC0	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.2
8Y6O	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.38
8R7N	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.4
9GBW	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.5
2VY4	SOLUTION NMR
2VY5	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q6IEG0-F1	71.67	0.13

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4): 58; 64; 74; 78

Post-translational modifications (2): 87, 104

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-72165	mRNA Splicing - Minor Pathway
R-HSA-72172	mRNA Splicing
R-HSA-72203	Processing of Capped Intron-Containing Pre-mRNA
R-HSA-8953854	Metabolism of RNA

MSigDB gene sets: 88 (showing top): MIDORIKAWA_AMPLIFIED_IN_LIVER_CANCER, chr6p24, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_SERUM_DEPRIVATION_UP, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_DOXORUBICIN_DN, REACTOME_PROCESSING_OF_CAPPED_INTRON_CONTAINING_PRE_MRNA, GOBP_PROTEIN_RNA_COMPLEX_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_RNA_SPLICING, LIAO_METASTASIS, REACTOME_MRNA_SPLICING, GOBP_RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN_COMPLEX_BIOGENESIS, MILI_PSEUDOPODIA_CHEMOTAXIS_DN, REACTOME_METABOLISM_OF_RNA, GOCC_PRECATALYTIC_SPLICEOSOME, MARSON_BOUND_BY_E2F4_UNSTIMULATED

GO Biological Process (2): mRNA processing (GO:0006397), RNA splicing (GO:0008380)

GO Molecular Function (3): zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), protein binding (GO:0005515), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (5): nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), U12-type spliceosomal complex (GO:0005689), cytosol (GO:0005829), nucleus (GO:0005634), spliceosomal complex (GO:0005681)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

Category	Pathways
mRNA Splicing	1
Processing of Capped Intron-Containing Pre-mRNA	1
Metabolism of RNA	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
RNA processing	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
mRNA metabolic process	1
transition metal ion binding	1
binding	1
cation binding	1
nuclear lumen	1
spliceosomal complex	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
nuclear protein-containing complex	1
ribonucleoprotein complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1408 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
SNRNP48	RNPC3	Q96LT9	809
SNRNP48	SNRNP25	Q9BV90	809
SNRNP48	SNRNP35	Q16560	784
SNRNP48	ZMAT5	Q9UDW3	709
SNRNP48	ZCRB1	Q8TBF4	686
SNRNP48	PDCD7	Q8N8D1	643
SNRNP48	GTSF1	Q8WW33	515
SNRNP48	ZRSR2	Q15696	513
SNRNP48	SNRPC	P09234	465
SNRNP48	CWC25	Q9NXE8	428
SNRNP48	PCMTD2	Q9NV79	422
SNRNP48	CENATAC	Q86UT8	419
SNRNP48	TMEM44	Q2T9K0	413
SNRNP48	GTSF1L	Q9H1H1	407
SNRNP48	SAYSD1	Q9NPB0	397
SNRNP48	RUFY4	Q6ZNE9	397

IntAct

56 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
SNRPE	GEMIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.770
ZRSR2	SF3B1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
SNRPD2	GEMIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.710
SNRPG	GEMIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.710
SNRPB	PRMT5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.670
SF3B1	SAP18	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
ZCRB1	SF3B1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
SNRNP48	ENKD1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SNRNP48	CDCA7L	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
UBASH3A	SNRNP48	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SNRNP48	SPRED1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SNRPE	PRMT5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SNRPN	PRMT5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ZCRB1	DKC1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ZMAT5	DENND4B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SNRPE	SNRPGP15	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SNRPF	SNRPGP15	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ELOVL6	SNRNP48	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
Rab11fip1	ZKSCAN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
NCBP3	RSL1D1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SNRPGP15	GEMIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SNRPF	GEMIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ZRSR2	U2SURP	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SNRNP35	SNRNP48	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
rep	CPNE3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (64): SNRNP48 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNRNP48 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNRNP48 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNRNP48 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNRNP48 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNRNP48 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNRNP48 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNRNP48 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNRNP48 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNRNP48 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNRNP48 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNRNP48 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNRNP48 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNRNP48 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNRNP48 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0AUP1, A4II15, A7MCB7, E1C760, F6RRD7, F7AEX0, P14629, P78316, Q1L8X2, Q28DG8, Q2IA00, Q3T071, Q3U155, Q3ZCI6, Q4R6T7, Q4R8R3, Q4R8V8, Q4V7N4, Q5PQS7, Q5R939, Q5RA37, Q5XI65, Q5ZIH9, Q5ZIM6, Q6DFL5, Q6IEG0, Q6PBE2, Q6PII3, Q7SYB2, Q7ZXA8, Q80VN0, Q8C6C7, Q8C9J3, Q8CIL4, Q8IXW5, Q8R3N1, Q8R3N6, Q8VYD3, Q93VM9, Q95JM8

Diamond homologs: Q6IEG0, Q9D361

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 46 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Metabolism of non-coding RNA	7	143.3×	2e-13
mRNA Splicing - Minor Pathway	12	86.7×	2e-19
snRNP Assembly	8	54.6×	1e-11
SARS-CoV-2 modulates host translation machinery	7	50.6×	4e-10
mRNA Splicing	11	39.0×	3e-14
CHD1 and CHD2 subfamily	11	38.6×	3e-14
mRNA Polyadenylation	13	36.8×	2e-16
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Termination	5	35.4×	1e-06

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
U2-type prespliceosome assembly	10	148.6×	2e-18
spliceosomal snRNP assembly	8	110.7×	1e-13
spliceosomal complex assembly	6	86.0×	1e-09
mRNA splicing, via spliceosome	16	34.9×	4e-19
RNA splicing	14	29.4×	6e-16
mRNA processing	5	9.4×	4e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

62 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	49
Likely benign	1
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1792 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
6:7590348:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
6:7593722:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:7593731:T:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:7593731:TAGG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:7593843:AAGAG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:7593845:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
6:7593845:GAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
6:7593846:AGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:7593847:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
6:7594155:TTTGA:T	donor_gain	1.0000
6:7594156:TTGA:T	donor_gain	1.0000
6:7594157:TGA:T	donor_gain	1.0000
6:7594157:TGAG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
6:7594158:GA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
6:7594158:GAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
6:7594159:AGTA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:7594160:G:C	donor_loss	1.0000
6:7594160:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
6:7594161:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
6:7594162:AA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:7595023:ACAG:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:7595024:CA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:7595025:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:7595025:A:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:7595026:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:7595026:GATAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:7595098:CAAAG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
6:7595100:AA:A	donor_gain	1.0000
6:7595100:AAG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:7595101:AGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

2260 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
6:7602686:G:C	R220T	1.000
6:7602687:A:C	R220S	1.000
6:7602687:A:T	R220S	1.000
6:7602689:G:C	R221T	1.000
6:7602690:A:C	R221S	1.000
6:7602690:A:T	R221S	1.000
6:7602705:A:C	R226S	1.000
6:7602705:A:T	R226S	1.000
6:7602664:G:C	A213P	0.999
6:7602674:G:C	R216P	0.999
6:7602676:G:C	D217H	0.999
6:7602678:T:A	D217E	0.999
6:7602678:T:G	D217E	0.999
6:7602684:A:C	K219N	0.999
6:7602684:A:T	K219N	0.999
6:7602686:G:T	R220I	0.999
6:7602688:A:G	R221G	0.999
6:7602689:G:T	R221I	0.999
6:7602691:C:A	R222S	0.999
6:7602700:T:C	Y225H	0.999
6:7602700:T:G	Y225D	0.999
6:7602703:A:G	R226G	0.999
6:7602704:G:C	R226T	0.999
6:7602707:C:A	A227D	0.999
6:7602711:G:C	K228N	0.999
6:7602711:G:T	K228N	0.999
6:7602716:T:A	V230D	0.999
6:7605405:G:C	R242P	0.999
6:7602677:A:C	D217A	0.998
6:7602677:A:T	D217V	0.998

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000131141 (6:7602151 C>T), RS1000151217 (6:7590067 A>G), RS1000160496 (6:7602413 A>G), RS1000192638 (6:7597405 C>T), RS1000240935 (6:7601858 TG>T), RS1000313400 (6:7596241 G>A), RS1000409860 (6:7609431 T>G), RS1000454458 (6:7596498 T>A,C), RS1000601826 (6:7608429 C>T), RS1000844132 (6:7609685 A>G,T), RS1001154598 (6:7591008 G>A,C), RS1001221919 (6:7596114 A>T), RS1001352202 (6:7601812 C>G), RS1001454615 (6:7608836 G>T), RS1001483129 (6:7595775 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene `` | disease phenotypes: MIM:605676, MIM:607450

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (2): arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with wooly hair and keratoderma (MONDO:0011581), arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 8 (MONDO:0011831)

Orphanet (1): Carvajal syndrome (Orphanet:65282)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

6 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001762_276	Obesity-related traits	9.000000e-06
GCST008839_581	Height	2.000000e-12
GCST009391_351	Metabolite levels	8.000000e-06
GCST009391_912	Metabolite levels	7.000000e-06
GCST012282_5	BMI x environmental factors (excluding physical activity) interaction	9.000000e-06
GCST012283_3	BMI x environmental factors (including physical activity) interaction	7.000000e-07

EFO canonical traits (11, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0005106	body composition measurement
EFO:0010433	triacylglycerol 56:6 measurement
EFO:0010442	triacylglycerol 58:8 measurement
EFO:0004340	body mass index
EFO:0006527	smoking status measurement
EFO:0009374	energy intake measurement
EFO:0009695	household income
EFO:0010810	protein intake measurement
EFO:0010811	carbohydrate intake measurement
EFO:0011015	educational attainment
EFO:0008002	physical activity measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (2)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
C564400	Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia, Familial, 8 (supp.)
C535581	Cardiomyopathy dilated with woolly hair and keratoderma (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

19 total (human), top 19 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	decreases expression, increases expression	4
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	2
TAK-243	increases sumoylation	1
methylmercuric chloride	increases expression	1
trichostatin A	affects expression	1
arsenite	affects binding, increases reaction	1
versicolorin A	increases expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	decreases expression	1
bisphenol AF	increases expression	1
Bortezomib	increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases methylation	1
Carbamazepine	affects expression	1
Ethyl Methanesulfonate	increases expression	1
Fluorouracil	decreases expression	1
Formaldehyde	increases expression	1
Methyl Methanesulfonate	increases expression	1
Tretinoin	decreases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	increases methylation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.