SNTB2

Summary

SNTB2 (syntrophin beta 2, HGNC:11169) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 16q22.1, encoding Beta-2-syntrophin (Q13425). Adapter protein that binds to and probably organizes the subcellular localization of a variety of membrane proteins.

Dystrophin is a large, rod-like cytoskeletal protein found at the inner surface of muscle fibers. Dystrophin is missing in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy patients and is present in reduced amounts in Becker Muscular Dystrophy patients. The protein encoded by this gene is a peripheral membrane protein found associated with dystrophin and dystrophin-related proteins. This gene is a member of the syntrophin gene family, which contains at least two other structurally-related genes.

Source: NCBI Gene 6645 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 4
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 78 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_006750

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:11169
Approved symbol	SNTB2
Name	syntrophin beta 2
Location	16q22.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	EST25263, SNT3
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000168807
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	600027
Entrez	6645

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 7 — 4 protein_coding, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000336278, ENST00000360496, ENST00000467311, ENST00000524887, ENST00000525632, ENST00000528525, ENST00000958019

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_006750 NM_006750

CCDS: CCDS10873

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000336278 — 7 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001141172	69260050	69260260
ENSE00001433225	69300832	69309052
ENSE00001870740	69187164	69187746
ENSE00003513511	69284048	69284244
ENSE00003536899	69270143	69270285
ENSE00003682864	69299590	69299774
ENSE00003688808	69245602	69245815

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 279 present calls, max score 97.04.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 23.3706 / max 505.7435, expressed in 1808 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
154808	19.9611	1802
154809	3.4095	1315

Top tissues by expression

293 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
tibia	UBERON:0000979	97.04	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	95.52	gold quality
nipple	UBERON:0002030	95.03	gold quality
synovial joint	UBERON:0002217	94.72	gold quality
pigmented layer of retina	UBERON:0001782	94.69	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	94.62	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	94.16	gold quality
mammary duct	UBERON:0001765	94.09	gold quality
pericardium	UBERON:0002407	93.91	gold quality
urethra	UBERON:0000057	93.44	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	93.29	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	93.26	gold quality
cauda epididymis	UBERON:0004360	92.83	gold quality
saphenous vein	UBERON:0007318	92.80	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	92.61	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	92.31	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	92.19	gold quality
epithelium of mammary gland	UBERON:0003244	92.05	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	91.40	gold quality
layer of synovial tissue	UBERON:0007616	91.28	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	91.27	gold quality
thoracic mammary gland	UBERON:0005200	91.09	gold quality
mammary gland	UBERON:0001911	90.96	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	90.93	gold quality
superficial temporal artery	UBERON:0001614	90.70	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	90.23	gold quality
tendon	UBERON:0000043	90.18	gold quality
endometrium epithelium	UBERON:0004811	89.97	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	89.94	gold quality
caput epididymis	UBERON:0004358	89.77	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	13.23
E-MTAB-7249	no	296.32

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): E2F1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

337 targeting SNTB2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-3646	100.00	73.56	5283
HSA-MIR-30A-5P	100.00	76.31	3233
HSA-MIR-30B-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30C-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30D-5P	100.00	76.32	3233
HSA-MIR-30E-5P	100.00	76.32	3242
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-MIR-1252-5P	100.00	69.80	2774
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-9-5P	100.00	72.28	2361
HSA-MIR-4747-5P	100.00	67.90	2681
HSA-MIR-5196-5P	100.00	67.98	2761
HSA-MIR-6873-3P	100.00	71.42	2626
HSA-MIR-4455	100.00	65.48	1587
HSA-MIR-200B-3P	100.00	73.31	2693
HSA-MIR-200C-3P	100.00	73.35	2685
HSA-MIR-429	100.00	73.44	2698
HSA-MIR-6833-3P	100.00	70.63	3197
HSA-MIR-3924	100.00	72.09	2394
HSA-MIR-4768-5P	100.00	69.49	2861
HSA-MIR-4533	100.00	69.48	2758
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759
HSA-MIR-34A-5P	99.99	71.21	1784
HSA-MIR-449A	99.99	71.05	1776
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-3662	99.99	73.82	5684
HSA-MIR-4531	99.99	69.70	3181

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

• patients with deficiency of beta2-syntrophin and alpha-dystrobrevin presented with severe congenital weakness and died in the first year of life (PMID:12899872)
• conformational plasticity of the native ensemble of this PDZ domain and the regulation of insulin secretion (PMID:22735534)
• Reduced Na(+) Current in Native Cardiomyocytes of a Brugada Syndrome Patient Associated With beta-2-Syntrophin Mutation. (PMID:30571189)
• Current study shows that high SNTB2 in obese adipose tissues restricts adipocyte growth and thereby may contribute to metabolic diseases. (PMID:30990585)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	sntb2	ENSDARG00000051763
mus_musculus	Sntb2	ENSMUSG00000041308
rattus_norvegicus	Sntb2	ENSRNOG00000020344
drosophila_melanogaster	Syn1	FBGN0037130
caenorhabditis_elegans	stn-1	WBGENE00006062

Paralogs (4): SNTA1 (ENSG00000101400), SNTG1 (ENSG00000147481), SNTB1 (ENSG00000172164), SNTG2 (ENSG00000172554)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Beta-2-syntrophin — Q13425 (reviewed: Q13425)

Alternative names: 59 kDa dystrophin-associated protein A1 basic component 2, Syntrophin-3, Syntrophin-like

All UniProt accessions (4): Q13425, H0YCS0, H7BY41, J3KT21

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Adapter protein that binds to and probably organizes the subcellular localization of a variety of membrane proteins. May link various receptors to the actin cytoskeleton and the dystrophin glycoprotein complex. May play a role in the regulation of secretory granules via its interaction with PTPRN.

Subunit / interactions. Monomer and homodimer. Interacts with the other members of the syntrophin family: SNTA1 and SNTB1; and with the sodium channel proteins SCN4A and SCN5A. Interacts with SAST, MAST205, microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins. Interacts with the dystrophin protein DMD and related proteins DTNA and UTRN, and with the neuroregulin receptor ERBB4. Interacts with PTPRN when phosphorylated, protecting PTPRN from protein cleavage by CAPN1. Dephosphorylation upon insulin stimulation disrupts the interaction with PTPRN and results in the cleavage of PTPRN. Interacts with DTNB.

Subcellular location. Membrane. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Secretory vesicle membrane. Cell junction. Cytoplasm. Cytoskeleton.

Tissue specificity. Ubiquitous. Isoform 1 is the predominant isoform. Weak level of isoform 2 is present in all tested tissues, except in liver and heart where it is highly expressed.

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylated. Partially dephosphorylated upon insulin stimulation.

Domain organisation. The PH 1 domain mediates the oligomerization in a calcium dependent manner. The PDZ domain binds to the last three or four amino acids of ion channels and receptor proteins. The association with dystrophin or related proteins probably leaves the PDZ domain available to recruit proteins to the membrane. The SU domain binds calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner.

Miscellaneous. Lacks domains required for interaction with dystrophin related proteins. May be produced at very low levels due to a premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.

Similarity. Belongs to the syntrophin family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q13425-1	1, Beta2-syntrophin58	yes
Q13425-2	2, Beta2-syntrophin28

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_006741* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001478	PDZ	Domain
IPR001849	PH_domain	Domain
IPR011993	PH-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR015482	Syntrophin	Family
IPR036034	PDZ_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR041428	PHsplit_syntrophin	Domain
IPR055108	Syntrophin_4th	Domain

Pfam: PF00169, PF00595, PF18012, PF23012

UniProt features (32 total): modified residue 8, strand 5, domain 4, compositionally biased region 4, helix 3, region of interest 3, splice variant 2, sequence variant 2, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
2VRF	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q13425-F1	80.41	0.54

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (8): 95, 110, 129, 211, 222, 233, 393, 395

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

3 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-9913351	Formation of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC)
R-HSA-1474244	Extracellular matrix organization
R-HSA-3000171	Non-integrin membrane-ECM interactions

MSigDB gene sets: 276 (showing top): GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD11B_DC_DN, chr16q22, TGCTGCT_MIR15A_MIR16_MIR15B_MIR195_MIR424_MIR497, GCANCTGNY_MYOD_Q6, MCBRYAN_PUBERTAL_TGFB1_TARGETS_UP, MONNIER_POSTRADIATION_TUMOR_ESCAPE_UP, GGGCATT_MIR365, MARTINEZ_RB1_TARGETS_DN, AML_Q6, BRN2_01, IRF1_Q6, AACTTT_UNKNOWN, GOMF_ACTIN_BINDING, VERNELL_RETINOBLASTOMA_PATHWAY_UP, SARTIPY_BLUNTED_BY_INSULIN_RESISTANCE_UP

GO Biological Process (0):

GO Molecular Function (5): RNA binding (GO:0003723), actin binding (GO:0003779), structural molecule activity (GO:0005198), calmodulin binding (GO:0005516), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (18): nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794), cytosol (GO:0005829), microtubule (GO:0005874), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), focal adhesion (GO:0005925), dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (GO:0016010), membrane (GO:0016020), transport vesicle membrane (GO:0030658), protein-containing complex (GO:0032991), centriolar satellite (GO:0034451), ciliary transition zone (GO:0035869), ciliary basal body (GO:0036064), synapse (GO:0045202), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856), cytoplasmic vesicle (GO:0031410), anchoring junction (GO:0070161)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Non-integrin membrane-ECM interactions	1
Extracellular matrix organization	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	6
cytoplasm	3
cilium	2
cell junction	2
nucleic acid binding	1
cytoskeletal protein binding	1
molecular_function	1
protein binding	1
binding	1
nuclear lumen	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
endomembrane system	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
microtubule cytoskeleton	1
polymeric cytoskeletal fiber	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
cell-substrate junction	1
glycoprotein complex	1
plasma membrane protein complex	1
transport vesicle	1
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	1
bounding membrane of organelle	1
cellular_component	1
centrosome	1
microtubule organizing center	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
intracellular vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

958 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
SNTB2	UTRN	P46939	928
SNTB2	DTNA	Q9Y4J8	904
SNTB2	DMD	P11532	868
SNTB2	UTP4	Q969X6	825
SNTB2	MAST2	Q6P0Q8	798
SNTB2	DTNB	O60941	745
SNTB2	TIAM1	Q13009	708
SNTB2	DAG1	Q14118	702
SNTB2	PARP10	Q53GL7	684
SNTB2	CNTN1	Q12860	680
SNTB2	MAST1	Q9Y2H9	671
SNTB2	ABCA1	O95477	669
SNTB2	MAST3	O60307	640
SNTB2	SDCBP	O00560	564
SNTB2	MAST4	O15021	557

IntAct

185 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
DTNB	DMD	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.890
DMD	DTNB	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.890
SNTB2	ADRA1D	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.840
SGF29	NDC80	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.840
LIN7A	CASK	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.830
SCRIB	ADRA1D	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.820
ADRA1D	UTRN	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.770
ADRA1D	UTRN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.770
SNTB2	DMD	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.740
HMG20A	KDM1A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.710
RHPN1	PODXL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.690
CASK	SNTB2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
SNTB2	CASK	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
UTRN	SNTB2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
SNTB2	CASK	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.670
CFAP36	SNTB2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.620
CFAP36	SNTB2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.620
ADRA1D	LIN7A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.590
SLC16A3	CASK	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.590
ARHGEF16	SNTB2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.590
TNS2	YWHAB	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.570
SAV1	SEC16A	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.570
E6	SNTB2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560

BioGRID (211): SNTB2 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNTB2 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNTB2 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNTB2 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNTB2 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNTB2 (Reconstituted Complex), SNTB2 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNTB2 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNTB2 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNTB2 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNTB2 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNTB2 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNTB2 (Two-hybrid), SNTB2 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNTB2 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2AAJ9, A2ABU4, A2RUH7, B4GBH0, D3ZGQ5, O09127, O70468, O75038, O88599, O95382, P16419, P21709, P22455, P22607, P29322, P54760, P54761, P55144, P55146, P56741, P70218, P70402, Q00653, Q06418, Q13203, Q13308, Q13425, Q14896, Q15746, Q290N5, Q32P44, Q4LDD4, Q5FW53, Q5PQM4, Q5VST9, Q5VTT5, Q60750, Q61851, Q68LP1, Q80UW5

Diamond homologs: A0A8C0TYJ0, A0A8P0N4K0, B4F7E7, D3ZAA9, E2QY99, E2QYC9, E7FDW2, F1MAD2, G5ECY0, O14910, O15018, O55164, O75970, O84033, O88382, O88951, O88952, P15454, P31006, P31007, P31016, P46195, P57105, P68907, P70175, P78352, P93757, Q0P5F3, Q0SS73, Q0TPK6, Q12959, Q13425, Q13884, Q14160, Q15700, Q16774, Q24210, Q255A8, Q28C55, Q2KIB6

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
SNTB2	“form complex”	DGC	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 178 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Signaling by Hippo	5	23.9×	4e-04
Formation of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC)	7	18.9×	5e-05
Oncogenic MAPK signaling	6	13.1×	8e-04
Signaling by BRAF and RAF1 fusions	6	9.0×	3e-03
Constitutive Signaling by Aberrant PI3K in Cancer	8	8.9×	5e-04
PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling	9	7.6×	5e-04
RAF/MAP kinase cascade	12	6.4×	1e-04
PIP3 activates AKT signaling	10	5.9×	9e-04

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
cell migration	14	5.7×	2e-04

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

78 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	66
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1991 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
16:69187731:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
16:69187745:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
16:69187746:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
16:69245593:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69245598:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69245598:ATAGT:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:69245599:T:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69245600:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69245600:A:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:69245601:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69245601:GT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69245601:GTC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69245601:GTCA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69245601:GTCAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69245750:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
16:69270133:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69270134:T:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69270138:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69270138:AACAG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69270139:A:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69270140:CA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:69270141:A:AC	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:69270141:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69270142:G:GA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:69270142:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69270142:GGCAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:69270286:G:GA	donor_loss	1.0000
16:69270286:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
16:69284232:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
16:69299585:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

3472 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
16:69187272:T:A	W36R	1.000
16:69187272:T:C	W36R	1.000
16:69187526:G:C	K120N	1.000
16:69187526:G:T	K120N	1.000
16:69187543:T:A	L126Q	1.000
16:69187545:G:C	G127R	1.000
16:69187545:G:T	G127C	1.000
16:69187546:G:A	G127D	1.000
16:69187546:G:T	G127V	1.000
16:69187549:T:A	I128N	1.000
16:69187549:T:C	I128T	1.000
16:69187549:T:G	I128S	1.000
16:69187551:A:C	S129R	1.000
16:69187552:G:A	S129N	1.000
16:69187553:C:A	S129R	1.000
16:69187553:C:G	S129R	1.000
16:69187555:T:A	I130N	1.000
16:69187555:T:C	I130T	1.000
16:69187555:T:G	I130S	1.000
16:69187559:G:C	K131N	1.000
16:69187559:G:T	K131N	1.000
16:69187560:G:A	G132S	1.000
16:69187560:G:C	G132R	1.000
16:69187560:G:T	G132C	1.000
16:69187561:G:A	G132D	1.000
16:69187561:G:T	G132V	1.000
16:69187585:T:A	I140N	1.000
16:69187588:T:C	L141P	1.000
16:69187591:T:A	I142N	1.000
16:69187591:T:C	I142T	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000054113 (16:69258706 G>A), RS1000065342 (16:69242890 G>A), RS1000123001 (16:69200849 ACT>A), RS1000128831 (16:69281993 C>A), RS1000134755 (16:69263668 T>C), RS1000145315 (16:69190685 G>A), RS1000185802 (16:69193903 G>C,T), RS1000189970 (16:69239477 T>G), RS1000248744 (16:69186719 T>G), RS1000294963 (16:69200925 G>A), RS1000322017 (16:69297955 A>T), RS1000348373 (16:69256579 T>A,G), RS1000353846 (16:69291142 C>G,T), RS1000391005 (16:69250576 A>G), RS1000424931 (16:69269350 C>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:600027 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

4 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST005951_13	Body mass index	5.000000e-11
GCST007006_16	Logical memory (delayed recall) in normal cognition	7.000000e-07
GCST010703_183	Brain morphology (MOSTest)	5.000000e-11
GCST90013421_17	Left-handedness	4.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (4, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004340	body mass index
EFO:0004874	memory performance
EFO:0004346	neuroimaging measurement
EFO:0009902	handedness

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

35 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects expression	4
cobaltous chloride	decreases expression, increases expression	2
entinostat	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Aflatoxin B1	decreases expression, decreases methylation	2
FR900359	affects phosphorylation	1
bisphenol F	increases expression	1
methylmercuric chloride	increases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
bisphenol A	increases methylation	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
coumarin	increases phosphorylation	1
JP8 aviation fuel	affects expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
ICG 001	increases expression	1
bisphenol B	increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Sunitinib	decreases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases expression	1
Caffeine	affects phosphorylation	1
Carbamazepine	affects expression	1
Cisplatin	increases expression	1
Dexamethasone	increases expression	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Ethyl Methanesulfonate	increases expression	1
Formaldehyde	increases expression	1
Ivermectin	decreases expression	1
Methyl Methanesulfonate	increases expression	1
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Vitamin E	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.