SNX16

Summary

SNX16 (sorting nexin 16, HGNC:14980) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 8q21.13, encoding Sorting nexin-16 (P57768). May be involved in several stages of intracellular trafficking.

This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family. Members of this family contain a phox (PX) domain, which is a phosphoinositide binding domain, and are involved in intracellular trafficking. The protein encoded by this gene associates with late endosome membranes as is involved in tubule formation, cholesterol transport, and transport of tetraspanin CD81. The encoded protein also inhibits cell migration and tumorigenesis.

Source: NCBI Gene 64089 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 15
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 49 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_152836

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:14980
Approved symbol	SNX16
Name	sorting nexin 16
Location	8q21.13
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000104497
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	614903
Entrez	64089

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 21 — 20 protein_coding, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000345957, ENST00000353788, ENST00000396330, ENST00000518183, ENST00000519119, ENST00000519212, ENST00000519817, ENST00000520618, ENST00000521773, ENST00000521810, ENST00000523757, ENST00000856552, ENST00000856553, ENST00000856554, ENST00000856555, ENST00000944857, ENST00000944858, ENST00000944859, ENST00000944860, ENST00000944861, ENST00000944862

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_152836 NM_001348189, NM_022133, NM_152836, NM_152837

CCDS: CCDS6234, CCDS6235

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000345957 — 8 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000698185	81802380	81802499
ENSE00000698186	81803092	81803228
ENSE00001016779	81829430	81829516
ENSE00001206592	81815325	81815394
ENSE00001211854	81839612	81840082
ENSE00002124524	81799583	81801593
ENSE00002131586	81842122	81842185
ENSE00003790331	81823792	81823940

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 257 present calls, max score 97.34.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 5.1422 / max 88.0861, expressed in 1507 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (5 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
93780	2.3666	1037
93781	1.5787	933
93784	0.6578	376
93783	0.3065	185
93782	0.2327	127

Top tissues by expression

278 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
sperm	CL:0000019	97.34	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	93.22	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	90.03	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	86.82	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	86.71	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	86.30	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	86.19	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	85.21	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	85.07	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	84.48	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	84.23	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	83.90	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	83.89	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	83.71	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	83.67	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	83.61	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	83.19	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	83.05	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	82.88	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	82.85	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	81.93	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	81.32	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	81.17	gold quality
epithelium of esophagus	UBERON:0001976	80.83	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	80.61	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	80.49	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	80.28	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	80.13	gold quality
adipose tissue	UBERON:0001013	79.88	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	79.87	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	3.79

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

182 targeting SNX16, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-1277-5P	100.00	73.95	5056
HSA-MIR-30A-5P	100.00	76.31	3233
HSA-MIR-30B-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30C-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30D-5P	100.00	76.32	3233
HSA-MIR-30E-5P	100.00	76.32	3242
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-429	100.00	73.44	2698
HSA-MIR-5692B	100.00	71.32	2622
HSA-MIR-5692C	100.00	71.32	2622
HSA-MIR-200B-3P	100.00	73.31	2693
HSA-MIR-200C-3P	100.00	73.35	2685
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-MIR-3646	100.00	73.56	5283
HSA-MIR-196A-5P	100.00	68.16	684
HSA-MIR-196B-5P	100.00	68.16	681
HSA-MIR-8485	100.00	77.57	4731
HSA-MIR-340-5P	100.00	72.50	4437
HSA-MIR-9-5P	100.00	72.28	2361
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-656-3P	100.00	72.15	2788
HSA-MIR-3924	100.00	72.09	2394
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-4500	99.99	72.72	2367
HSA-MIR-3662	99.99	73.82	5684
HSA-MIR-548N	99.98	71.94	4170
HSA-MIR-12136	99.98	72.81	5713
HSA-MIR-4789-5P	99.98	70.76	2721
HSA-MIR-548P	99.98	72.25	3784

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 6)

• SNX16 is a sorting nexin that may function in the trafficking of proteins between the early and late endosomal compartments (PMID:12813048)
• SNX16 regulates the recycling trafficking of E-cadherin . SNX16 associates with the cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin via PPII/alpha2 loop. (PMID:28712807)
• SNX16 activates c-Myc signaling by inhibiting ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of eEF1A2 in colorectal cancer development. (PMID:31876369)
• BHLHE40 plays a pathological role in pre-eclampsia through upregulating SNX16 by transcriptional inhibition of miR-196a-5p. (PMID:32579212)
• [Sorting Nexin 16:Structure,Function,and Role in Diseases]. (PMID:36373636)
• SNX16 is required for hepatocellular carcinoma survival via modulating the EGFR-AKT signaling pathway. (PMID:38849490)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	snx16	ENSDARG00000046072
mus_musculus	Snx16	ENSMUSG00000027534
rattus_norvegicus	Snx16	ENSRNOG00000009953
drosophila_melanogaster	Snx16	FBGN0034265

Paralogs (1): PXK (ENSG00000168297)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Sorting nexin-16 — P57768 (reviewed: P57768)

All UniProt accessions (8): P57768, E5RG30, E5RGQ6, E5RGS8, E5RH07, E5RHF1, E5RJ65, E5RJ81

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May be involved in several stages of intracellular trafficking. Plays a role in protein transport from early to late endosomes. Plays a role in protein transport to the lysosome. Promotes degradation of EGFR after EGF signaling. Plays a role in intracellular transport of vesicular stomatitis virus nucleocapsids from the endosome to the cytoplasm.

Subunit / interactions. Homooligomer. Interacts with EGFR.

Subcellular location. Early endosome membrane. Late endosome membrane. Cytoplasm. Lysosome.

Tissue specificity. Detected in placenta, lung, liver,heart and pancreas.

Domain organisation. The PX domain mediates interaction with membranes enriched in phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate.

Similarity. Belongs to the sorting nexin family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P57768-1	1	yes
P57768-2	2

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001335118, NP_071416, NP_690049, NP_690050 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001683	PX_dom	Domain
IPR036871	PX_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR037911	SNX16_PX	Domain
IPR051837	SortingNexin/PXDomain-PKLike	Family

Pfam: PF00787

UniProt features (29 total): helix 6, strand 5, compositionally biased region 4, binding site 3, mutagenesis site 2, region of interest 2, chain 1, domain 1, modified residue 1, splice variant 1, sequence variant 1, sequence conflict 1, coiled-coil region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
5GW0	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.3
5GW1	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.35

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P57768-F1	71.42	0.42

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (3): 146; 184; 144

Post-translational modifications (1): 222

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (2):

Position	Phenotype
144	abolishes binding to membranes enriched in phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate.
145	abolishes binding to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 245 (showing top): ACTACCT_MIR196A_MIR196B, GOBP_LYSOSOMAL_TRANSPORT, GOBP_INTRACELLULAR_PROTEIN_TRANSPORT, TGCTGCT_MIR15A_MIR16_MIR15B_MIR195_MIR424_MIR497, TGCACTT_MIR519C_MIR519B_MIR519A, STARK_PREFRONTAL_CORTEX_22Q11_DELETION_DN, GOZGIT_ESR1_TARGETS_DN, GOBP_ENDOSOME_TO_LYSOSOME_TRANSPORT, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_UP, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_DOXORUBICIN_UP, GOBP_PROTEIN_TARGETING, GOBP_VACUOLAR_TRANSPORT, GOBP_VESICLE_MEDIATED_TRANSPORT, GOBP_ESTABLISHMENT_OF_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION_TO_ORGANELLE, BONCI_TARGETS_OF_MIR15A_AND_MIR16_1

GO Biological Process (5): receptor recycling (GO:0001881), protein targeting to lysosome (GO:0006622), endosome to lysosome transport (GO:0008333), early endosome to late endosome transport (GO:0045022), protein transport (GO:0015031)

GO Molecular Function (3): phosphatidylinositol binding (GO:0035091), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), lipid binding (GO:0008289)

GO Cellular Component (9): lysosome (GO:0005764), early endosome (GO:0005769), late endosome (GO:0005770), endosome membrane (GO:0010008), early endosome membrane (GO:0031901), late endosome membrane (GO:0031902), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), endosome (GO:0005768), membrane (GO:0016020)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
endosome	3
lysosomal transport	2
endosome membrane	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
endocytosis	1
receptor metabolic process	1
protein targeting to vacuole	1
protein localization to lysosome	1
intercellular transport	1
vesicle-mediated transport	1
cytoplasm	1
vesicle-mediated transport between endosomal compartments	1
transport	1
intracellular protein localization	1
establishment of protein localization	1
anion binding	1
protein binding	1
binding	1
lytic vacuole	1
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	1
bounding membrane of organelle	1
early endosome	1
late endosome	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
endomembrane system	1
cytoplasmic vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

646 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
SNX16	FCHSD2	O94868	749
SNX16	VPS26A	O75436	676
SNX16	FCHSD1	Q86WN1	576
SNX16	SNX15	Q9NRS6	561
SNX16	SNX1	Q13596	557
SNX16	SNX17	Q15036	551
SNX16	SNX20	Q7Z614	540
SNX16	SNX3	O60493	530
SNX16	SNX11	Q9Y5W9	519
SNX16	SNX21	Q969T3	505
SNX16	SNX27	Q96L92	505
SNX16	SNX24	Q9Y343	478
SNX16	SNX2	P82862	475
SNX16	ALS2CL	Q60I27	474
SNX16	SNX9	Q9Y5X1	473

IntAct

10 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
YEATS4	ZNHIT1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.790
ZNF175	SNX16	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
Xpo1	IFT56	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
KIF6	ACADS	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SNX16	POTEF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ZNF778	LRP4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ZNF767P	ZMYM6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (53): SNX16 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNX16 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNX16 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNX16 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNX16 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNX16 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNX16 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNX16 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNX16 (Synthetic Lethality), SNX16 (Affinity Capture-MS), TBC1D2B (Affinity Capture-MS), SNX16 (Affinity Capture-MS), YEATS4 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNX16 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNX16 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1L8GR68, A2CG63, A2VE56, D3ZHS6, E6ZGB4, F7AQ22, O75376, O88974, P0C6S7, P57768, P57769, Q15047, Q2YDJ8, Q2YDW7, Q4KKX4, Q4LE39, Q52L14, Q5F3F2, Q5F3N6, Q5FWF5, Q5R6Q7, Q5VVJ2, Q60974, Q66JB6, Q68FE8, Q69Z61, Q69Z66, Q69Z69, Q6N043, Q6NXK2, Q7Z6G8, Q86YI8, Q8BIZ1, Q8C080, Q8K2W6, Q8QFX1, Q92560, Q96N64, Q98925, Q99PU7

Diamond homologs: A0A1B7YDZ4, A1A4L0, A7TKX9, I1RXT2, O60493, O70492, O70493, O95219, P0CR60, P0CR61, P0CR62, P0CR63, P40959, P47057, P57768, P57769, Q08DD7, Q1RMH8, Q28E02, Q2U4K2, Q2UB56, Q3MPQ4, Q4I1H6, Q4P1V3, Q4R5U9, Q4V7P7, Q4WWS3, Q4WZF1, Q5A748, Q5AD77, Q5R4C2, Q5R5V1, Q5R6Q7, Q5U211, Q6BHN9, Q6BIS2, Q6C2S9, Q6CHY6, Q6CUC4, Q6FNH2

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

49 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	37
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1835 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
8:81801589:CAGCT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:81801590:AGCT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:81801592:CT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:81801593:TC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
8:81801594:C:CA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
8:81801594:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:81802375:TATA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
8:81802376:ATACC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
8:81802377:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
8:81802378:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
8:81802378:A:C	donor_loss	1.0000
8:81802379:C:A	donor_loss	1.0000
8:81802379:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
8:81802382:AGATT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
8:81802383:G:C	donor_gain	1.0000
8:81802495:ATGTT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:81802496:TGTT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:81802497:GTT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:81802500:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:81803090:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
8:81803090:A:C	donor_loss	1.0000
8:81803091:C:A	donor_loss	1.0000
8:81803091:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
8:81803133:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
8:81803134:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
8:81803224:AATGC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:81803225:ATGC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:81803226:TGC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:81803227:GC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:81803228:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

2273 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
8:81815376:A:C	F210L	1.000
8:81815376:A:T	F210L	1.000
8:81815377:A:C	F210C	1.000
8:81815377:A:G	F210S	1.000
8:81815378:A:G	F210L	1.000
8:81823828:A:G	L192P	1.000
8:81823830:A:C	F191L	1.000
8:81823830:A:T	F191L	1.000
8:81823831:A:G	F191S	1.000
8:81823832:A:G	F191L	1.000
8:81823840:A:G	L188S	1.000
8:81823851:T:A	R184S	1.000
8:81823851:T:G	R184S	1.000
8:81823852:C:A	R184I	1.000
8:81823852:C:G	R184T	1.000
8:81823853:T:C	R184G	1.000
8:81823861:A:G	L181S	1.000
8:81823863:A:C	F180L	1.000
8:81823863:A:T	F180L	1.000
8:81823864:A:G	F180S	1.000
8:81823865:A:G	F180L	1.000
8:81823896:T:A	K169N	1.000
8:81823896:T:G	K169N	1.000
8:81823897:T:A	K169I	1.000
8:81823939:A:G	L155S	1.000
8:81829440:A:G	L151P	1.000
8:81829449:A:G	F148S	1.000
8:81829458:T:C	Y145C	1.000
8:81829459:A:C	Y145D	1.000
8:81829459:A:G	Y145H	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000002069 (8:81823677 T>C), RS1000028372 (8:81804775 A>T), RS1000162910 (8:81804058 T>C), RS1000256582 (8:81816598 G>A,T), RS1000332455 (8:81820727 C>G), RS1000426403 (8:81816935 T>A,C), RS1000689781 (8:81834986 C>T), RS1000701653 (8:81803731 A>C), RS1000841076 (8:81828370 T>C,G), RS1000874456 (8:81822268 G>A,C), RS1000948068 (8:81829265 T>C), RS1000974131 (8:81806640 C>T), RS1000992596 (8:81799326 A>C), RS1001006840 (8:81821977 C>T), RS1001111505 (8:81806351 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:614903 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

15 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000675_12	Heart failure	3.000000e-06
GCST001941_13	Ovarian cancer	6.000000e-09
GCST001941_17	Ovarian cancer	7.000000e-10
GCST002408_5	Response to methotrexate in juvenile idiopathic arthritis	3.000000e-06
GCST002408_6	Response to methotrexate in juvenile idiopathic arthritis	2.000000e-06
GCST004642_3	QT interval (ambient particulate matter interaction)	2.000000e-06
GCST006988_108	Blond vs. brown/black hair color	1.000000e-22
GCST006989_32	Brown vs. black hair color	1.000000e-13
GCST007094_167	Diastolic blood pressure	4.000000e-10
GCST007099_155	Systolic blood pressure	3.000000e-06
GCST007158_6	Refractive astigmatism	6.000000e-06
GCST008505_1	Fasting glucose change (short-term)	1.000000e-06
GCST009442_9	Age-related cognitive decline (executive function) (slope of z-scores)	2.000000e-06
GCST012115_2	Rheumatic heart disease	4.000000e-07
GCST012117_3	Rheumatic heart disease	1.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (6, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004682	QT interval
EFO:0008255	particulate matter air pollution measurement
EFO:0003924	hair color
EFO:0006336	diastolic blood pressure
EFO:0006335	systolic blood pressure
EFO:0007710	cognitive decline measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

44 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases expression, increases methylation	3
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
sodium arsenite	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	2
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	decreases expression	2
Air Pollutants	increases abundance, increases expression, decreases expression	2
Valproic Acid	decreases methylation, increases expression	2
Cyclosporine	increases expression	2
Particulate Matter	increases abundance, increases expression, decreases expression	2
3-((6-(2-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)phenyl)methane sulfonamide	decreases expression	1
FR900359	increases phosphorylation	1
bisphenol A	decreases expression	1
2,4,5,2’,4’,5’-hexachlorobiphenyl	decreases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	increases expression	1
manganese chloride	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine	affects response to substance	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide	increases expression	1
abrine	increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
2-(1H-indazol-4-yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-ylthieno(3,2-d)pyrimidine	increases expression, increases response to substance	1
jinfukang	decreases expression	1
NSC 689534	affects binding, increases expression	1
Leflunomide	increases expression	1
Arsenic	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
Atrazine	decreases expression	1
Copper	affects binding, increases expression	1
Drugs, Chinese Herbal	increases expression	1
Ethyl Methanesulfonate	increases expression	1
Formaldehyde	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.