SOAT1

Summary

SOAT1 (sterol O-acyltransferase 1, HGNC:11177) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1q25.2, encoding Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (P35610). Catalyzes the formation of fatty acid-cholesterol esters, which are less soluble in membranes than cholesterol.

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the acyltransferase family. It is located in the endoplasmic reticulum, and catalyzes the formation of fatty acid-cholesterol esters. This gene has been implicated in the formation of beta-amyloid and atherosclerotic plaques by controlling the equilibrium between free cholesterol and cytoplasmic cholesteryl esters. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 6646 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): beta-ketothiolase deficiency (Definitive, ClinGen)
• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 932 total — 98 pathogenic, 79 likely-pathogenic
• Druggable target: yes — 6 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• MANE Select transcript: NM_003101

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:11177
Approved symbol	SOAT1
Name	sterol O-acyltransferase 1
Location	1q25.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	ACAT, ACAT1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000057252
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	102642
Entrez	6646

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 13 — 13 protein_coding

ENST00000367619, ENST00000426956, ENST00000539888, ENST00000540564, ENST00000904812, ENST00000904813, ENST00000904814, ENST00000904815, ENST00000928394, ENST00000961795, ENST00000961796, ENST00000961797, ENST00000961798

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_003101 NM_001252511, NM_001252512, NM_003101

CCDS: CCDS1330, CCDS58047, CCDS58048

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000367619 — 16 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000522292	179350296	179350431
ENSE00000922012	179344947	179345076
ENSE00000922014	179348844	179348942
ENSE00001068524	179342114	179342192
ENSE00001068526	179342862	179342943
ENSE00001068529	179343590	179343635
ENSE00001160977	179347600	179347697
ENSE00001165663	179351317	179351462
ENSE00001199033	179353585	179358680
ENSE00001350391	179293797	179293936
ENSE00003467167	179323437	179323495
ENSE00003621111	179337837	179337896
ENSE00003633477	179302677	179302802
ENSE00003664429	179339438	179339545
ENSE00003694604	179335506	179335657
ENSE00003787334	179341028	179341310

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 266 present calls, max score 99.35.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 50.2381 / max 673.9950, expressed in 1819 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
6906	46.8780	1818
6905	3.2086	1405
6907	0.1514	52

Top tissues by expression

285 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	99.35	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	97.96	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	97.54	gold quality
adrenal cortex	UBERON:0001235	97.37	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	97.08	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	97.05	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	97.05	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	96.72	gold quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	95.27	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	94.30	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	93.84	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	93.14	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	93.06	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	92.57	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	92.30	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	91.79	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	91.55	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	90.42	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	90.25	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	90.16	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	89.78	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	89.61	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	89.32	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	88.67	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	88.23	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	87.84	gold quality
epithelium of bronchus	UBERON:0002031	87.80	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	87.43	gold quality
caput epididymis	UBERON:0004358	87.42	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	87.16	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	9.88

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CEBPA

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

162 targeting SOAT1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-8485	100.00	77.57	4731
HSA-MIR-3689D	100.00	66.14	1181
HSA-MIR-6851-5P	100.00	65.63	1294
HSA-MIR-4262	100.00	73.26	3931
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-1252-5P	100.00	69.80	2774
HSA-MIR-513A-5P	100.00	69.77	2465
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759
HSA-MIR-181A-5P	99.99	72.96	2995
HSA-MIR-181B-5P	99.99	72.97	2996
HSA-MIR-181C-5P	99.99	72.95	2996
HSA-MIR-181D-5P	99.99	73.04	2997
HSA-MIR-373-5P	99.98	75.36	4753
HSA-MIR-616-5P	99.98	75.58	4775
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-548P	99.98	72.25	3784
HSA-MIR-607	99.97	73.62	5593
HSA-MIR-548AJ-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-548X-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-495-3P	99.96	72.81	4197
HSA-MIR-5688	99.96	73.23	4504
HSA-MIR-3658	99.96	73.87	4379
HSA-MIR-4666A-3P	99.96	71.71	3434
HSA-MIR-590-3P	99.96	74.34	6478
HSA-MIR-1468-3P	99.96	72.74	3797
HSA-MIR-570-3P	99.96	72.41	4910
HSA-MIR-548J-3P	99.94	72.61	4881
HSA-MIR-651-3P	99.94	73.48	5177

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• allosteric activation by cholesterol (PMID:12533546)
• polymorphism of the gene encoding acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) is involved in the regulation of beta-amyloid peptide generation, is associated with low brain amyloid load and with low cerebrospinal fluid levels of cholesterol (PMID:12851640)
• ACAT-1 transcripts predominate in human liver and ACAT-2 transcripts predominate in human duodenum and support the notion that ACAT-2 has an important regulatory role in liver and intestine. (PMID:14729857)
• expression in monocytes infiltrating from the circulation to vascular walls may be enhanced by pre-existing transforming growth factor-beta1 (PMID:15219857)
• A stable upstream stem-loop structure enhances selection of the first 5’-ORF-AUG as a main start codon for translation initiation of ACAT1 mRNA. (PMID:15253151)
• increasing DGAT1, ACAT1, or ACAT2 expression stimulates the assembly and secretion of VLDL from liver cells (PMID:15308631)
• a glucocorticoid response element (GRE) located within human ACAT1 gene P1 promoter to response to the elevation of human ACAT1 gene expression by dexamethasone could be functionally bound with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) proteins. (PMID:15353128)
• The results of a comprehensive genetic assessment of SOAT1 variants in the NIMH AD Genetics Initiative study sample are presented. (PMID:15768051)
• Disulfide linkage map shows that cysteine(C)92 is located on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and the disulfide is located in the ER lumen, while all other free Cs are located within the hydrophobic region(s) of the enzyme. (PMID:15850387)
• The structural features of various sterols as substrates and/or activators of ACAT1 and ACAT2 in vitro are reported. (PMID:15992359)
• Our results indicate that the polymorphism rs1044925 in the 3’UTR of SOAT1 gene does not affect the risk of SAD in the northern Han-Chinese. (PMID:16043284)
• results led us to construct a revised, nine-transmembrane domain model, with the active site His-460 located within a hitherto undisclosed transmembrane domain, between Arg-443 and Tyr-462 (PMID:16154994)
• Serum-induced depletion of cellular cholesterol available for esterification by ACAT was a strong, independent predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events and death. (PMID:16230498)
• The new ACAT inhibitor VULM1457 in concentration 0.03 and 0.1 micromol/l significantly down-regulated specific AM receptors on HepG2 cells, reduced AM secretion of HepG2 cells exposed to hypoxia. (PMID:16474185)
• histidine residues located at the active site are very crucial both for the catalytic activity of the enzyme and for distinguishing ACAT1 from ACAT2 with respect to enzyme catalysis and substrate specificity (PMID:16647063)
• These data show that even a modest decrease in ACAT activity can have robust suppressive effects on Abeta generation. (PMID:17412327)
• Our study confirmed cognitive decline and highly frequent delirium after bypass heart surgery and excluded the possible role of SOAT-1 genotype polymorphisms in their genesis (PMID:17593314)
• SOAT1 gene may possibly be only a minor risk factor in Alzheimer’s disease (PMID:17622762)
• Several residues in one subunit closely interact with the same residues in the other subunit; mutating these res. to Cys does not lead to loss in enzyme activity. Mutating residues F453, A457, or H460 to Cys causes large loss in enzyme activity. (PMID:17691824)
• increase in the in vitro ACAT1 activity in PC-3 prostate cancer cells treated with androgen (PMID:18000807)
• In clear cell type renal cell carcinoma upregulation of ACAT-1 leads to high ACAT enzymatic activity, which accelerates the accumulation of cholesterol ester. (PMID:18269457)
• The results suggest that rs1044925 polymorphism in ACAT1 gene is not only associated with serum LDL-C and nHDLC levels in healthy Chinese subjects in Chengdu area, but also with HDL-C level in subjects with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. (PMID:18393248)
• RNA secondary structures located in the vicinity of the GGC(1274-1276) codon are required for production of the 56-kDa isoform. (PMID:18542101)
• ACAT inhibition may stimulate cholesterol-catabolic (cytochrome P450) pathway in lesion-macrophages. (PMID:18779653)
• Angiotensin II enhances foam cell formation by upregulating ACAT1 expression predominantly through the actions of AT(1) receptor via the G protein/c-Src/PKC/MAPK pathway in human monocyte-macrophages (PMID:18971559)
• Docosahexaenoic acid can act as a substrate for ACAT1. In the manner of a poor substrate, docosahexaenoic acid also inhibited the activity of ACAT1. (PMID:19217763)
• Results suggest that the ERK, p38MAPK and JNK signaling pathways may be involved in insulin-mediated regulation of ACAT1, but no PI3K and PLC-gamma signaling pathways were involved in the present study. (PMID:19269342)
• Results show that signaling through ACAT/cholesterol esterification is a novel pathway for the CCK2R that contributes to tumor cell proliferation and invasion. (PMID:19502590)
• Leptin accelerates cholesteryl ester accumulation in human monocyte-derived macrophages by increasing ACAT-1 expression. (PMID:19625677)
• High ACAT1 expression is associated with estrogen receptor negative basal-like breast cancer. (PMID:19851860)
• Macrophages cope with cholesterol loading by using a novel mechanism: they produce more ER-derived vesicles with elevated ACAT1 enzyme activity without having to produce more ACAT1 protein. (PMID:20460577)
• the plaque-modulating effects of K-604 can be explained by stimulation of procollagen production independent of ACAT inhibition in addition to potent inhibition of macrophage ACAT-1 (PMID:20843517)
• Visfatin may down-regulate the ABCA1 expression and up-regulate the ACAT1 expression via PPARgamma signal transduction pathway, which decreases the outflow of free cholesterol, increases the content of cholesterol esters, and then induces foam cell formation. (PMID:20945045)
• the polymorphism of rs1044925 in the ACAT-1 gene is mainly associated with female serum total cholesterol, LDL-C and ApoB levels in the Bai Ku Yao population (PMID:21143839)
• In THP-1-derived macrophages and foam cells, the expression level of ACAT-1 and cellular cholesterol content increased significantly in response to asymmetric dimethylarginine treatment in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. (PMID:21177161)
• SF-1-dependent up-regulation of SOAT1 may be important for maintaining readily-releasable cholesterol reserves needed for active steroidogenesis and during episodes of recurrent stress. (PMID:21239516)
• These findings suggest the potential involvement of MAPK and STAT pathways in norcantharidin-induced apoptogenesis. (PMID:21266192)
• These studies demonstrate that both SIAE and SOAT activities seem to be responsible for the enhanced level of Neu5,9Ac(2) in lymphoblasts, which is a hallmark in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (PMID:21803834)
• The present study shows that the C allele carriers of ACAT-1 rs1044925 SNP in male hyperlipidemic subjects had higher serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and ApoAI levels than the C allele noncarriers. (PMID:22243772)
• Essential oil of Pinus koraiensis leaves significantly inhibited hACAT1 levels in HepG2 cells. (PMID:22275303)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	soat1	ENSDARG00000062297
mus_musculus	Soat1	ENSMUSG00000026600
rattus_norvegicus	Soat1	ENSRNOG00000004111
drosophila_melanogaster	CG8112	FBGN0037612
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00007174

Paralogs (2): SOAT2 (ENSG00000167780), DGAT1 (ENSG00000185000)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 — P35610 (reviewed: P35610)

Alternative names: Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1, Cholesterol acyltransferase 1

All UniProt accessions (2): P35610, B1APM4

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Catalyzes the formation of fatty acid-cholesterol esters, which are less soluble in membranes than cholesterol. Plays a role in lipoprotein assembly and dietary cholesterol absorption. Preferentially utilizes oleoyl-CoA ((9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA) as a substrate: shows a higher activity towards an acyl-CoA substrate with a double bond at the delta-9 position (9Z) than towards saturated acyl-CoA or an unsaturated acyl-CoA with a double bond at the delta-7 (7Z) or delta-11 (11Z) positions.

Subunit / interactions. Homotetramer; composed of two homodimers. Interacts with UBIAD1.

Subcellular location. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane.

Activity regulation. Cholesterol O-acyltransferase activity is inhibited by nevanimibe.

Domain organisation. Each protomer consists of 9 transmembrane segments, which enclose a cytosolic tunnel and a transmembrane tunnel that converge at the predicted catalytic site: acyl-CoA enters the active site through the cytosolic tunnel, whereas cholesterol enters from the side through the transmembrane tunnel.

Induction. Highly activated by the presence of cholesterol.

Similarity. Belongs to the membrane-bound acyltransferase family. Sterol o-acyltransferase subfamily.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P35610-1	1	yes
P35610-2	2
P35610-3	3

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001239440, NP_001239441, NP_003092* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR004299	MBOAT_fam	Family
IPR014371	Oat_ACAT_DAG_ARE	Family
IPR030687	Sterol_acyltranf_meta	Family

Pfam: PF03062

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 2.3.1.26 — sterol O-acyltransferase (BRENDA: 24 organisms, 85 substrates, 472 inhibitors, 32 Km, 0 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

8 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 8. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
OLEOYL-COA	0.0013–0.069	12
CIS-9-OCTADECENOYL-COA	—	6
CHOLESTEROL	0.0016–0.06	2
ELAIDOYL-COA	0.0022	1
LINOLEOYL-COA	0.0028	1
PALMITOYL-COA	0.038	1
PREGNENOLONE	0.0012	1
STEAROYL-COA	0.0064	1

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 10 shown:

• an acyl-CoA + cholesterol = a cholesterol ester + CoA (RHEA:17729)
• cholesterol + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = cholesteryl (9Z-octadecenoate) + CoA (RHEA:41436)
• cholesterol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = cholesteryl hexadecanoate + CoA (RHEA:42792)
• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + CoA (RHEA:42796)
• octadecanoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl octadecanoate + CoA (RHEA:42812)
• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + CoA (RHEA:42816)
• a sterol + a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA = a long-chain 3-hydroxysterol ester + CoA (RHEA:59816)
• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (9Z)-hexadecenoate + CoA (RHEA:64320)
• (11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (11Z)-octadecenoate + CoA (RHEA:64324)
• (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (7Z)-octadecenoate + CoA (RHEA:64328)

UniProt features (84 total): mutagenesis site 24, helix 19, topological domain 10, transmembrane region 9, binding site 8, modified residue 2, splice variant 2, strand 2, turn 2, chain 1, region of interest 1, short sequence motif 1, active site 1, disulfide bond 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

5 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
6P2J	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3
6P2P	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.1
6L47	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.5
6L48	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.5
6VUM	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.67

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P35610-F1	81.22	0.51

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 460

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (8): 137; 415; 418; 421; 425; 433; 445; 456

Post-translational modifications (2): 1, 8

Disulfide bonds (1): 528–546

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (24):

Position	Phenotype
262	strongly reduced cholesterol o-acyltransferase activity.
263	strongly reduced cholesterol o-acyltransferase activity.
269	nearly normal expression and enzyme activity.
269	no expression nor activity.
306	strongly reduced cholesterol o-acyltransferase activity.
367	abolished homodimerization; when associated with 504-a–a-508.
386	abolished cholesterol o-acyltransferase activity.
400	low expression, loss of enzymatic activity.
407	almost abolished cholesterol o-acyltransferase activity.
415	reduced cholesterol o-acyltransferase activity.
418	reduced cholesterol o-acyltransferase activity.
420	almost abolished cholesterol o-acyltransferase activity.
421	almost abolished cholesterol o-acyltransferase activity.
425	strongly reduced cholesterol o-acyltransferase activity.
428	almost abolished cholesterol o-acyltransferase activity.
429	strongly reduced cholesterol o-acyltransferase activity.
445	reduced cholesterol o-acyltransferase activity.
452–456	in qq mutant; almost abolished cholesterol o-acyltransferase activity.
452–453	almost abolished cholesterol o-acyltransferase activity.
456	abolished cholesterol o-acyltransferase activity.
460	abolished cholesterol o-acyltransferase activity.
504–508	abolished homodimerization; when associated with a-367.
507	strongly reduced cholesterol o-acyltransferase activity.
518	loss of enzymatic activity.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-8964038	LDL clearance
R-HSA-174824	Plasma lipoprotein assembly, remodeling, and clearance
R-HSA-382551	Transport of small molecules
R-HSA-8964043	Plasma lipoprotein clearance

MSigDB gene sets: 637 (showing top): GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD8A_DC_MCMV_INFECTION_DN, AHRARNT_01, GOBP_LIPID_MODIFICATION, E2F_Q4, GOBP_HEPATICOBILIARY_SYSTEM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_FATTY_ACID_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, ZHAN_LATE_DIFFERENTIATION_GENES_UP, GOBP_METANEPHROS_DEVELOPMENT, RODRIGUES_THYROID_CARCINOMA_POORLY_DIFFERENTIATED_UP, E2F4DP1_01, GOBP_STEROL_HOMEOSTASIS, GOBP_METANEPHRIC_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, GCANCTGNY_MYOD_Q6, GOBP_COENZYME_A_METABOLIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (10): cholesterol metabolic process (GO:0008203), macrophage derived foam cell differentiation (GO:0010742), cholesterol storage (GO:0010878), cholesterol efflux (GO:0033344), very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly (GO:0034379), low-density lipoprotein particle clearance (GO:0034383), cholesterol homeostasis (GO:0042632), positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process (GO:0042986), lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629), steroid metabolic process (GO:0008202)

GO Molecular Function (9): fatty-acyl-CoA binding (GO:0000062), sterol O-acyltransferase activity (GO:0004772), cholesterol binding (GO:0015485), cholesterol O-acyltransferase activity (GO:0034736), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), protein binding (GO:0005515), obsolete O-acyltransferase activity (GO:0008374), transferase activity (GO:0016740), acyltransferase activity (GO:0016746)

GO Cellular Component (3): endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783), endoplasmic reticulum membrane (GO:0005789), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Plasma lipoprotein clearance	1
Transport of small molecules	1
Plasma lipoprotein assembly, remodeling, and clearance	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
sterol metabolic process	1
secondary alcohol metabolic process	1
foam cell differentiation	1
lipid storage	1
cholesterol transport	1
plasma lipoprotein particle assembly	1
plasma lipoprotein particle clearance	1
low-density lipoprotein particle disassembly	1
sterol homeostasis	1
positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process	1
amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process	1
regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process	1
primary metabolic process	1
lipid metabolic process	1
acyl-CoA binding	1
fatty acid derivative binding	1
acyltransferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups	1
sterol binding	1
alcohol binding	1
sterol O-acyltransferase activity	1
protein binding	1
binding	1
catalytic activity	1
transferase activity	1
cytoplasm	1
endomembrane system	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
organelle membrane	1
nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network	1
endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1758 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
SOAT1	VPS52	Q8N1B4	792
SOAT1	SCARB1	Q8WTV0	684
SOAT1	HMGCR	P04035	684
SOAT1	NCEH1	Q6PIU2	665
SOAT1	ABCA1	O95477	613
SOAT1	UBIAD1	Q9Y5Z9	591
SOAT1	ABCG1	P45844	574
SOAT1	CES1	P23141	570
SOAT1	SQLE	Q14534	553
SOAT1	LCAT	P04180	552
SOAT1	SREBF2	Q12772	552
SOAT1	APOE	P02649	513
SOAT1	SCAP	Q12770	491
SOAT1	CYP46A1	Q9Y6A2	490
SOAT1	DGAT2	Q96PD7	487

IntAct

180 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
HRAS	RAF1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.980
NRAS	RAF1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.930
ENTREP1	WWP2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.850
RAB11A	EVI5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.800
ERLIN1	ERLIN2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.740
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.710
HRAS	RGL2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.660
CANX	SOAT1	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.610
SOAT1	CARNMT1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.590
ADGRG5	KLRG2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SEMA7A	SGPL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
LYPD6	PLXNB2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TMPRSS12	FZD6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PEX19	FAM20B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ADAM33	LRP5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SMPD3	ENDOD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ASGR2	MT-CO1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FAM187B	HSPA5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RTN4R	SOAT1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TSPAN5	SC5D	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
APOC2	APOE	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530

BioGRID (389): SOAT1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SOAT1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SOAT1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SOAT1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SOAT1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SOAT1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SOAT1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SOAT1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SOAT1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SOAT1 (Proximity Label-MS), SOAT1 (Proximity Label-MS), SOAT1 (Proximity Label-MS), SOAT1 (Proximity Label-MS), SOAT1 (Proximity Label-MS), SOAT1 (Proximity Label-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A078H868, A0AAS4, A0JP80, A6X919, D4AD75, O70536, O77760, O77761, P23913, P35610, P53439, P56079, Q14739, Q20696, Q20735, Q28677, Q2PZI1, Q4JM44, Q4R763, Q5R7H4, Q5RK27, Q60457, Q61263, Q63632, Q63633, Q657W3, Q6AX73, Q6Z0E2, Q7T3T4, Q7TSX5, Q86VZ5, Q8IWX5, Q8NHU3, Q8VCQ6, Q91V14, Q924N4, Q965Q4, Q9D4B1, Q9FJB4, Q9H2X9

Diamond homologs: A0A0P0WY03, A0A161IUT7, I1MSF2, K7LC65, O70536, O75907, O75908, O77759, O77760, O77761, O88908, P25628, P35610, P53629, P84285, Q55BH9, Q5GKZ7, Q5I396, Q60457, Q61263, Q7TQM4, Q876L2, Q876L3, Q8MK44, Q9ERM3, Q9GMF1, Q9SLD2, Q9Z2A7, Q9UU82, Q10269

SIGNOR signaling

3 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
Avasimibe	down-regulates	SOAT1	“chemical inhibition”
cholesterol	“up-regulates activity”	SOAT1	“chemical activation”
SOAT1	“down-regulates quantity”	“cholesteryl ester”	“chemical modification”

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 218 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Signaling by FGFR1 in disease	6	12.5×	2e-03
RHOQ GTPase cycle	7	9.0×	2e-03

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
cholesterol transport	5	20.1×	6e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

932 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	98
Likely pathogenic	79
Uncertain significance	230
Likely benign	324
Benign	63

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (30)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1069757	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.1173dup (p.Ala392fs)	Pathogenic
1073055	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.233del (p.Lys78fs)	Pathogenic
1076202	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.1100T>A (p.Leu367Ter)	Pathogenic
1076974	NC_000011.9:g.(?107992324)(107992415_?)del	Pathogenic
1172774	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.252del (p.Glu85fs)	Pathogenic
1172775	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.1117A>T (p.Lys373Ter)	Pathogenic
1332739	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.731-2A>G	Pathogenic
1367924	NC_000011.9:g.(?108005849)(108005989_?)del	Pathogenic
1374250	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.316C>T (p.Gln106Ter)	Pathogenic
1384281	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.846dup (p.Ala283fs)	Pathogenic
1426396	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.1189C>A (p.His397Asn)	Pathogenic
1449779	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.826+2T>C	Pathogenic
1452347	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.655_656insTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNNNNNNNNNNGATGGTCTCGATCTCCTGACCTCATGATCCACCCGCCTCGGCCTCCCAAAGTGCTGGGATTACAGGCGTGAGCCACCGCGCCCGGCCGCTATTAATTCTT (p.Tyr219delinsPhePhePhePhePhePhePheXaaXaaXaaXaaTrpSerArgSerProAspLeuMetIleHisProProArgProProLysValLeuGlyLeuGlnAlaTer)	Pathogenic
1454055	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.763G>T (p.Glu255Ter)	Pathogenic
1459346	NC_000011.9:g.(?108010782)(108012437_?)del	Pathogenic
147281	GRCh38/hg38 11q22.3(chr11:107479091-108222532)x1	Pathogenic
1705360	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.433C>T (p.Gln145Ter)	Pathogenic
193787	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.1006-4_1006-1delinsAAA	Pathogenic
1991943	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.649_652dup (p.Ser218Ter)	Pathogenic
2001273	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.330dup (p.Ala111fs)	Pathogenic
2003666	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.272del (p.Met91fs)	Pathogenic
2011809	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.170del (p.Gly57fs)	Pathogenic
208341	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.149del (p.Thr50fs)	Pathogenic
2099256	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.542_543del (p.Lys181fs)	Pathogenic
2101162	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.75_76del (p.Glu25fs)	Pathogenic
2115197	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.580-93_626del	Pathogenic
2117488	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.104C>G (p.Ser35Ter)	Pathogenic
2127596	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.835del (p.Thr279fs)	Pathogenic
2169323	NM_001386678.1(ACAT1):c.120+2267_120+2268del	Pathogenic
225062	NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.757G>A (p.Asp253Asn)	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

3645 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
11:108128830:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
11:108128835:GGCTT:G	donor_gain	1.0000
11:108128850:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
11:108128861:C:G	donor_gain	1.0000
11:108131901:TTACA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
11:108131902:TACAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
11:108131904:CAG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
11:108131905:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:108131905:A:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
11:108131905:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:108131906:G:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
11:108131906:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:108131906:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:108131906:GGA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:108131906:GGAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:108131951:GAAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
11:108131953:AG:A	donor_gain	1.0000
11:108131954:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
11:108131954:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
11:108131955:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
11:108131955:GTAA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
11:108134217:AAAG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:108134217:AAAGG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:108134301:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
11:108138882:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:108138883:G:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:108138891:T:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:108138893:C:CA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:108138896:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:108138896:A:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

3646 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
1:179348850:T:A	W408R	1.000
1:179348850:T:C	W408R	1.000
1:179347690:T:C	F403S	0.999
1:179348847:T:A	W407R	0.999
1:179348847:T:C	W407R	0.999
1:179348852:G:C	W408C	0.999
1:179348852:G:T	W408C	0.999
1:179348886:T:A	W420R	0.999
1:179348886:T:C	W420R	0.999
1:179348891:T:A	N421K	0.999
1:179348891:T:G	N421K	0.999
1:179348907:T:A	W427R	0.999
1:179348907:T:C	W427R	0.999
1:179351376:T:A	W504R	0.999
1:179351376:T:C	W504R	0.999
1:179342913:C:A	P304H	0.998
1:179342928:G:C	R309P	0.998
1:179347674:T:C	F398L	0.998
1:179347676:T:A	F398L	0.998
1:179347676:T:G	F398L	0.998
1:179347680:G:C	D400H	0.998
1:179347689:T:C	F403L	0.998
1:179347691:C:A	F403L	0.998
1:179347691:C:G	F403L	0.998
1:179348851:G:C	W408S	0.998
1:179348911:T:C	L428P	0.998
1:179350338:T:C	F453L	0.998
1:179350340:T:A	F453L	0.998
1:179350340:T:G	F453L	0.998
1:179350351:C:A	A457D	0.998

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000039288 (1:179315359 G>A), RS1000042421 (1:179338418 C>G), RS1000066189 (1:179321877 T>C), RS1000109723 (1:179343319 G>T), RS1000177625 (1:179350208 C>T), RS1000212514 (1:179301606 G>A), RS1000279920 (1:179306520 T>C), RS1000325527 (1:179345442 A>G,T), RS1000355987 (1:179302984 T>A), RS1000394663 (1:179357351 T>C), RS1000401571 (1:179313174 G>A,C), RS1000463421 (1:179357168 G>A), RS1000482391 (1:179298574 T>C,G), RS1000510911 (1:179305524 A>G,T), RS1000514612 (1:179298808 T>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:102642 | disease phenotypes: MIM:203750, MIM:208900

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
beta-ketothiolase deficiency	Definitive	Autosomal recessive

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
beta-ketothiolase deficiency	Definitive	AR

Mondo (3): beta-ketothiolase deficiency (MONDO:0008760), ataxia telangiectasia (MONDO:0008840), primary ovarian failure (MONDO:0005387)

Orphanet (3): Beta-ketothiolase deficiency (Orphanet:134), Ataxia-telangiectasia (Orphanet:100), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Primary ovarian failure (Orphanet:619)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST007250_11	Nonunion in individuals with fractures	3.000000e-07
GCST009391_1527	Metabolite levels	6.000000e-06
GCST010002_248	Refractive error	4.000000e-19

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0009707	fractures, ununited
EFO:0009771	methionine measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (3)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D001260	Ataxia Telangiectasia	C10.228.140.252.190.530.060; C10.562.100; C10.597.350.090.500.530.060; C14.907.823.213; C16.320.080; C16.320.798.250; C18.452.284.060; C20.673.795.250
D016649	Primary Ovarian Insufficiency	C12.050.351.500.056.630.750; C12.100.250.056.630.750; C19.391.630.750
C535434	Beta ketothiolase deficiency (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL2782 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

6 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 173,103 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL103	PROGESTERONE	4	162,141
CHEMBL101309	AVASIMIBE	2	10,153
CHEMBL1908306	EFLUCIMIBE	2	272
CHEMBL46423	NEVANIMIBE	2	78
CHEMBL478858	PACTIMIBE	2	260
CHEMBL4297354	AZD-7687	1	199

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

44 measured of 46 human assays (46 total across all organisms); most potent 44 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value	Patent
[4-[2-benzyl-5-[2,6-di(propan-2-yl)anilino]-3,5-dioxopentyl]phenyl] 2-(2-oxoazepan-1-yl)acetate	IC50	3.2 nM	US-9149492: Method for selectively inhibiting ACAT1 in the treatment of alzheimer’s disease
[4-[2-benzyl-5-[2,6-di(propan-2-yl)anilino]-3,5-dioxopentyl]phenyl] 7-(2-oxoazepan-1-yl)heptanoate	IC50	3.6 nM	US-9149492: Method for selectively inhibiting ACAT1 in the treatment of alzheimer’s disease
4-benzyl-N-[2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-oxo-5-phenylpentanamide	IC50	4.2 nM	US-9149492: Method for selectively inhibiting ACAT1 in the treatment of alzheimer’s disease
4-benzyl-N-[2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxopentanamide	IC50	10.3 nM	US-9149492: Method for selectively inhibiting ACAT1 in the treatment of alzheimer’s disease
2-[4-(4-{4-amino-7,7-dimethyl-7H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl}phenyl)cyclohexyl]acetic acid	IC50	15 nM
2-[4-(4-{4-amino-7,7-dimethyl-7H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl}phenyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl]acetic acid	IC50	15 nM
4-(4-{4-amino-7,7-dimethyl-7H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl}phenyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylic acid	IC50	28 nM
2-[4-(4-{4-amino-7,7-dimethyl-7H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl}phenyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl]propanoic acid	IC50	28 nM
(2S)-2-dodecylsulfanyl-N-(4-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenyl)-2-phenylacetamide	IC50	39 nM	US-9149492: Method for selectively inhibiting ACAT1 in the treatment of alzheimer’s disease
2-[5-(4-{4-amino-7,7-dimethyl-7H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl}phenyl)bicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-1-yl]acetic acid	IC50	69 nM
2-[3-(4-{4-amino-7,7-dimethyl-7H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl}phenyl)adamantan-1-yl]acetic acid	IC50	120 nM
3-(4-{4-amino-7,7-dimethyl-7H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl}phenyl)adamantane-1-carboxylic acid	IC50	250 nM
2-[4-[2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]-N-[6-methyl-2,4-bis(methylsulfanyl)-3-pyridinyl]acetamide	IC50	450 nM	US-9149492: Method for selectively inhibiting ACAT1 in the treatment of alzheimer’s disease
(3R,6S,9S,13S)-9-benzyl-13-[(2S)-hexan-2-yl]-6-methyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)-1-oxa-4,7,10-triazacyclotridecane-2,5,8,11-tetrone	IC50	600 nM	US-9149492: Method for selectively inhibiting ACAT1 in the treatment of alzheimer’s disease
(3R,6S,9S,13S)-9-benzyl-3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-13-[(2S)-hexan-2-yl]-6-methyl-1-oxa-4,7,10-triazacyclotridecane-2,5,8,11-tetrone	IC50	900 nM	US-9149492: Method for selectively inhibiting ACAT1 in the treatment of alzheimer’s disease
[2-[(5aS,6S,8S,9aR)-6-(4-cyanobenzoyl)oxy-5a-methyl-1,10-dioxo-3-pyridin-3-yl-7,8,9,9a-tetrahydro-6H-pyrano[4,3-b]chromen-8-yl]-2-hydroxypropyl] 4-cyanobenzoate	IC50	17800 nM	US-10278962: Tricyclic analogues, preparation method and uses thereof
1-[(1,3-diphenylpyrazol-5-yl)amino]decan-2-one	IC50	23000 nM	US-9149492: Method for selectively inhibiting ACAT1 in the treatment of alzheimer’s disease
N-(1,3-diphenylpyrazol-5-yl)nonanamide	IC50	23000 nM	US-12419847: Composition and method for attenuating neuroinflammation, amyloidopathy and tauopathy
1-[(1,3-diphenylpyrazol-5-yl)amino]nonan-2-one	IC50	24000 nM	US-9149492: Method for selectively inhibiting ACAT1 in the treatment of alzheimer’s disease
N-(1,3-diphenylpyrazol-5-yl)octanamide	IC50	24000 nM	US-12419847: Composition and method for attenuating neuroinflammation, amyloidopathy and tauopathy
N-decyl-1,3-diphenylpyrazol-5-amine	IC50	39000 nM	US-9149492: Method for selectively inhibiting ACAT1 in the treatment of alzheimer’s disease
N-nonyl-1,3-diphenylpyrazol-5-amine	IC50	39000 nM	US-12419847: Composition and method for attenuating neuroinflammation, amyloidopathy and tauopathy
(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[4-[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]prop-2-enamide	IC50	55000 nM	US-20250248955: PHENYL ACRYLIC ACID COMPOUND, AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF
[(2R)-2-[(5aR,6R,8R,9aR,10R)-6-acetyloxy-10-hydroxy-5a-methyl-1-oxo-3-pyridin-3-yl-6,7,8,9,9a,10-hexahydropyrano[4,3-b]chromen-8-yl]-2-acetyloxypropyl] acetate	IC50	56700 nM	US-10278962: Tricyclic analogues, preparation method and uses thereof
(E)-3-[3,4-bis(methoxymethoxy)phenyl]-N-[4-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]prop-2-enamide	IC50	59000 nM	US-20250248955: PHENYL ACRYLIC ACID COMPOUND, AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF
(E)-3-[3,4-bis(methoxymethoxy)phenyl]-N-[4-[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]prop-2-enamide	IC50	60000 nM	US-20250248955: PHENYL ACRYLIC ACID COMPOUND, AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF
N-(2-phenylphenyl)octanamide	IC50	61000 nM	US-9149492: Method for selectively inhibiting ACAT1 in the treatment of alzheimer’s disease
[(5aS,6S,8S,9aS,10S)-10-acetyloxy-8-(1,2-diacetyloxypropan-2-yl)-5a-methyl-1-oxo-3-pyridin-3-yl-6,7,8,9,9a,10-hexahydropyrano[4,3-b]chromen-6-yl] 4-cyanobenzoate	IC50	64700 nM	US-10278962: Tricyclic analogues, preparation method and uses thereof
N-(2-phenylphenyl)nonanamide	IC50	65000 nM	US-9149492: Method for selectively inhibiting ACAT1 in the treatment of alzheimer’s disease
(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[4-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]prop-2-enamide	IC50	66000 nM	US-20250248955: PHENYL ACRYLIC ACID COMPOUND, AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF
[4-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3-methoxyphenyl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	IC50	84400 nM	US-20250248955: PHENYL ACRYLIC ACID COMPOUND, AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF
(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[4-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]prop-2-enamide	IC50	87000 nM	US-20250248955: PHENYL ACRYLIC ACID COMPOUND, AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF
[(2R)-2-[(5aR,6R,8R,9aS,10S)-6-acetyloxy-10-hydroxy-5a-methyl-1-oxo-3-pyridin-3-yl-6,7,8,9,9a,10-hexahydropyrano[4,3-b]chromen-8-yl]-2-acetyloxypropyl] acetate	IC50	87400 nM	US-10278962: Tricyclic analogues, preparation method and uses thereof
(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[4-[2-(4-methylphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]prop-2-enamide	IC50	91000 nM	US-20250248955: PHENYL ACRYLIC ACID COMPOUND, AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF
[2-[(5aS,6S,8S,9aS,10S)-6-acetyloxy-10-hydroxy-5a-methyl-1-oxo-3-pyridin-3-yl-6,7,8,9,9a,10-hexahydropyrano[4,3-b]chromen-8-yl]-2-acetyloxypropyl] acetate	IC50	108000 nM	US-10278962: Tricyclic analogues, preparation method and uses thereof
(E)-3-[3,4-bis(methoxymethoxy)phenyl]-N-[4-[2-(4-methylphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]prop-2-enamide	IC50	111000 nM	US-20250248955: PHENYL ACRYLIC ACID COMPOUND, AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF
(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[4-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl]prop-2-enamide	IC50	112000 nM	US-20250248955: PHENYL ACRYLIC ACID COMPOUND, AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF
(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]prop-2-enamide	IC50	114000 nM	US-20250248955: PHENYL ACRYLIC ACID COMPOUND, AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF
(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[4-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]prop-2-enamide	IC50	134000 nM	US-20250248955: PHENYL ACRYLIC ACID COMPOUND, AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF
(E)-3-[3,4-bis(methoxymethoxy)phenyl]-N-[4-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl]prop-2-enamide	IC50	136000 nM	US-20250248955: PHENYL ACRYLIC ACID COMPOUND, AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF
(E)-3-[3,4-bis(methoxymethoxy)phenyl]-N-[4-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]prop-2-enamide	IC50	152000 nM	US-20250248955: PHENYL ACRYLIC ACID COMPOUND, AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF
[2-[(5aS,6S,8S,9aR)-6-hydroxy-5a-methyl-1,10-dioxo-3-pyridin-3-yl-7,8,9,9a-tetrahydro-6H-pyrano[4,3-b]chromen-8-yl]-2-hydroxypropyl] 4-cyanobenzoate	IC50	154000 nM	US-10278962: Tricyclic analogues, preparation method and uses thereof
(E)-3-[3,4-bis(methoxymethoxy)phenyl]-N-[4-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]prop-2-enamide	IC50	172000 nM	US-20250248955: PHENYL ACRYLIC ACID COMPOUND, AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF
(E)-3-[3,4-bis(methoxymethoxy)phenyl]-N-[4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]prop-2-enamide	IC50	312000 nM	US-20250248955: PHENYL ACRYLIC ACID COMPOUND, AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF

ChEMBL bioactivities

353 potent at pChembl≥5 of 480 total, top 50 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
8.52	IC50	3	nM	CHEMBL4281138
8.49	IC50	3.2	nM	CHEMBL3936899
8.44	IC50	3.6	nM	CHEMBL3899908
8.38	IC50	4.2	nM	CHEMBL3894947
8.15	IC50	7	nM	CHEMBL4247249
8.05	IC50	9	nM	CHEMBL4282905
8.05	IC50	9	nM	NEVANIMIBE
8.00	IC50	10	nM	CHEMBL284596
7.99	IC50	10.3	nM	CHEMBL3905226
7.70	IC50	20	nM	CHEMBL449307
7.60	IC50	25	nM	AVASIMIBE
7.58	IC50	26	nM	CHEMBL4288347
7.51	IC50	31	nM	CHEMBL454397
7.50	IC50	32	nM	CHEMBL2397474
7.50	IC50	32	nM	CHEMBL449832
7.50	IC50	32	nM	CHEMBL453491
7.46	IC50	35	nM	CHEMBL459999
7.46	IC50	35	nM	CHEMBL33780
7.46	IC50	35	nM	CHEMBL304267
7.44	IC50	36	nM	CHEMBL304267
7.43	IC50	37	nM	CHEMBL500498
7.41	IC50	39	nM	EFLUCIMIBE
7.40	IC50	40	nM	CHEMBL297271
7.40	IC50	40	nM	CHEMBL33780
7.40	IC50	40	nM	CHEMBL449977
7.40	IC50	40	nM	CHEMBL505016
7.37	IC50	43	nM	CHEMBL501429
7.37	IC50	43	nM	CHEMBL33780
7.37	IC50	43	nM	CHEMBL304267
7.33	IC50	47	nM	CHEMBL510453
7.32	IC50	48	nM	CHEMBL503766
7.32	IC50	48	nM	CHEMBL442567
7.31	IC50	49	nM	CHEMBL447674
7.30	IC50	50	nM	CHEMBL284378
7.30	IC50	50	nM	CHEMBL34219
7.28	IC50	53	nM	CHEMBL33780
7.24	IC50	58	nM	CHEMBL25532
7.22	IC50	60	nM	CHEMBL5284960
7.22	IC50	60	nM	CHEMBL33054
7.22	IC50	60	nM	CHEMBL285429
7.21	IC50	62	nM	CHEMBL33780
7.20	IC50	63	nM	CHEMBL40685
7.17	IC50	68	nM	CHEMBL509834
7.16	IC50	70	nM	CHEMBL5275490
7.16	IC50	69	nM	CHEMBL33780
7.16	IC50	70	nM	CHEMBL286611
7.16	IC50	70	nM	CHEMBL33229
7.12	IC50	75	nM	CHEMBL30860
7.12	IC50	75	nM	CHEMBL286434
7.11	IC50	77	nM	CHEMBL443151

PubChem BioAssay actives

316 with measured affinity, of 798 total; 50 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
2-[4-[2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]-N-[6-methyl-2,4-bis(methylsulfanyl)-3-pyridinyl]acetamide	1419341: Inhibition of ACAT in human J774A.1 cells assessed as reduction in esterified-cholesterol accumulation after 18 hrs in presence of 25-hydroxycholesterol by cholesterol E-test analysis	ic50	0.0030	uM
9-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-[2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]nonanamide	1419341: Inhibition of ACAT in human J774A.1 cells assessed as reduction in esterified-cholesterol accumulation after 18 hrs in presence of 25-hydroxycholesterol by cholesterol E-test analysis	ic50	0.0070	uM
1-[[1-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]cyclopentyl]methyl]-3-[2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]urea	1940207: Inhibition of human SOAT1 expressed in mouse AC29 cells	ic50	0.0090	uM
2-[4-[2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]-N-[6-methyl-2,4-bis(methylsulfanyl)-3-pyridinyl]acetamide	1419341: Inhibition of ACAT in human J774A.1 cells assessed as reduction in esterified-cholesterol accumulation after 18 hrs in presence of 25-hydroxycholesterol by cholesterol E-test analysis	ic50	0.0090	uM
1-[4-[2-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl]butyl]-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine	31529: Inhibitory concentration was evaluated as concentration required to inhibit 50% of the Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 activity obtained from human THP-1 macrophage enzyme.	ic50	0.0100	uM
(3R,6R,9S,13S)-9-benzhydryl-3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-13-[(2S)-hexan-2-yl]-6-methyl-1-oxa-4,7,10-triazacyclotridecane-2,5,8,11-tetrone	638437: Inhibition of ACAT1- mediated cholesteryl ester synthesis in macrophages	ic50	0.0200	uM
[2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl] N-[2-[2,4,6-tri(propan-2-yl)phenyl]acetyl]sulfamate	1396730: Inhibition of ACAT1 in human monocytes-derived macrophages reduction in cholesteryl oleate formation preincubated for 2 hrs followed by [14C]-oleic acid/sodium oleate addition measured after 2 hrs in absence of albumin by TLC assay	ic50	0.0250	uM
2-[4-[2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]-N-[6-methyl-2,4-bis(methylsulfanyl)-3-pyridinyl]acetamide;hydrochloride	1419341: Inhibition of ACAT in human J774A.1 cells assessed as reduction in esterified-cholesterol accumulation after 18 hrs in presence of 25-hydroxycholesterol by cholesterol E-test analysis	ic50	0.0260	uM
1-[4-amino-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-[1-butyl-4-[3-(3-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-2-oxo-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl]urea;hydrate;hydrochloride	392882: Inhibition of ACAT in human HepG2 cells	ic50	0.0310	uM
[(1S,2S)-2-[[2,2-dimethylpropyl(nonyl)carbamoyl]amino]cyclohexyl] 3-[[(4R)-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3-dioxane-4-carbonyl]amino]propanoate	754945: Inhibition of macrophage ACAT (unknown origin)	ic50	0.0320	uM
1-[4-amino-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-[[1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl]methyl]urea;dihydrochloride	392882: Inhibition of ACAT in human HepG2 cells	ic50	0.0320	uM
1-[4-amino-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-[[1-(2-butoxyphenyl)-4-(3-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl]urea;dihydrochloride	392882: Inhibition of ACAT in human HepG2 cells	ic50	0.0320	uM
(5E,8E,11E,14E,17E,20E)-N-[2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]docosa-5,8,11,14,17,20-hexaenamide	30885: Compound was tested for inhibitory activity against ACAT from U937 microsome in human	ic50	0.0350	uM
1-[2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-[[4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylpiperidin-4-yl]methyl]urea	392882: Inhibition of ACAT in human HepG2 cells	ic50	0.0350	uM
1-[4-amino-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-[[1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(3-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl]urea;dihydrochloride	392882: Inhibition of ACAT in human HepG2 cells	ic50	0.0370	uM
(3R,6S,9S,13S)-9-benzhydryl-3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-13-[(2S)-hexan-2-yl]-6-methyl-1-oxa-4,7,10-triazacyclotridecane-2,5,8,11-tetrone	638437: Inhibition of ACAT1- mediated cholesteryl ester synthesis in macrophages	ic50	0.0400	uM
1-[4-amino-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-[[4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylpiperidin-4-yl]methyl]urea;dihydrochloride	392882: Inhibition of ACAT in human HepG2 cells	ic50	0.0400	uM
1-[5-[(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]pentyl]-3,5-dimethylpyrazole	1943488: Inhibition of ACAT in human THP-1	ic50	0.0400	uM
N-[(1S,2R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide	31522: Inhibition of Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)	ic50	0.0400	uM
1-[4-amino-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-[[1,4-bis(2-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl]urea;dihydrochloride	392882: Inhibition of ACAT in human HepG2 cells	ic50	0.0430	uM
1-[2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-[[1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(3-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl]urea	392882: Inhibition of ACAT in human HepG2 cells	ic50	0.0470	uM
1-[4-amino-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-[[1,4-bis(3-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl]urea;dihydrochloride	392882: Inhibition of ACAT in human HepG2 cells	ic50	0.0480	uM
1-[4-amino-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-[[4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl]methyl]urea;dihydrochloride	392882: Inhibition of ACAT in human HepG2 cells	ic50	0.0480	uM
1-[4-amino-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-[[1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl]urea;dihydrochloride	392882: Inhibition of ACAT in human HepG2 cells	ic50	0.0490	uM
2-[4-[4-[2-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl]butyl]piperazin-1-yl]-1,3-thiazole	31529: Inhibitory concentration was evaluated as concentration required to inhibit 50% of the Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 activity obtained from human THP-1 macrophage enzyme.	ic50	0.0500	uM
N-[4-[2-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl]butyl]-N-methylpyridin-2-amine	31529: Inhibitory concentration was evaluated as concentration required to inhibit 50% of the Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 activity obtained from human THP-1 macrophage enzyme.	ic50	0.0500	uM
[(2S,5S,6R,9S,10S,18R)-5,9-diacetyloxy-18-hydroxy-2,6,10-trimethyl-16-oxo-14-pyridin-3-yl-11,15-dioxatetracyclo[8.8.0.02,7.012,17]octadeca-12(17),13-dien-6-yl]methyl acetate	31814: Inhibitory activity against acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)	ic50	0.0580	uM
1-[5-[2-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl]pentyl]-3,5-dimethylpyrazole	31532: Inhibitory concentration was evaluated as concentration required to inhibit 50% of the activity of human Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1	ic50	0.0600	uM
2-[4-[2-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl]butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline	31529: Inhibitory concentration was evaluated as concentration required to inhibit 50% of the Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 activity obtained from human THP-1 macrophage enzyme.	ic50	0.0600	uM
1-[3-[2-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,3-dioxan-5-yl]propyl]-3,5-dimethylpyrazole	1943488: Inhibition of ACAT in human THP-1	ic50	0.0600	uM
1-[4-amino-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-[[4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-[2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl]methyl]urea;dihydrochloride	392882: Inhibition of ACAT in human HepG2 cells	ic50	0.0680	uM
4-[4-[2-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl]butyl]thiomorpholine	31529: Inhibitory concentration was evaluated as concentration required to inhibit 50% of the Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 activity obtained from human THP-1 macrophage enzyme.	ic50	0.0700	uM
1-[4-[2-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl]butyl]-4-phenylpiperazine	31532: Inhibitory concentration was evaluated as concentration required to inhibit 50% of the activity of human Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1	ic50	0.0700	uM
4-[4-[2-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,3-dioxan-5-yl]butyl]thiomorpholine	1943488: Inhibition of ACAT in human THP-1	ic50	0.0700	uM
2-[4-[4-[2-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl]butyl]piperazin-1-yl]pyrimidine	31529: Inhibitory concentration was evaluated as concentration required to inhibit 50% of the Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 activity obtained from human THP-1 macrophage enzyme.	ic50	0.0750	uM
1-[4-[2-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl]butyl]-3,5-dimethylpyrazole	31528: Inhibitory concentration was evaluated as concentration required to inhibit 50% of the Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 activity obtained from human THP-1 macrophage enzyme	ic50	0.0750	uM
1-[4-amino-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-[[4-(3-fluorophenyl)-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl]urea;dihydrochloride	392882: Inhibition of ACAT in human HepG2 cells	ic50	0.0770	uM
ethyl 6-(3-benzyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-2-morpholin-4-yl-4-phenyl-7-propylpyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine-5-carboxylate	517640: Inhibition of human full-length flag-tagged ACAT1 expressed in baculovirus infected insect cells after 10 mins	ic50	0.0770	uM
1-[3-amino-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-[[1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(3-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl]urea;dihydrochloride	392882: Inhibition of ACAT in human HepG2 cells	ic50	0.0810	uM
1-[4-amino-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-[[1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenylpiperidin-4-yl]methyl]urea;dihydrochloride	392882: Inhibition of ACAT in human HepG2 cells	ic50	0.0820	uM
ethyl 6-(3-tert-butyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-2-morpholin-4-yl-4-phenyl-7-propylpyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine-5-carboxylate	517640: Inhibition of human full-length flag-tagged ACAT1 expressed in baculovirus infected insect cells after 10 mins	ic50	0.0830	uM
N-[2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]tetradecanethioamide	30884: Compound was tested for inhibitory activity against ACAT from HepG2 microsome in human	ic50	0.0890	uM
1-benzyl-4-[4-[2-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl]butyl]piperazine	31532: Inhibitory concentration was evaluated as concentration required to inhibit 50% of the activity of human Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1	ic50	0.0900	uM
N-[6-methyl-2,4-bis(methylsulfanyl)-3-pyridinyl]-2-[4-[2-([1,3]oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]acetamide	1419341: Inhibition of ACAT in human J774A.1 cells assessed as reduction in esterified-cholesterol accumulation after 18 hrs in presence of 25-hydroxycholesterol by cholesterol E-test analysis	ic50	0.1000	uM
diethyl 2-morpholin-4-yl-4-phenyl-7-(4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine-5,6-dicarboxylate	517640: Inhibition of human full-length flag-tagged ACAT1 expressed in baculovirus infected insect cells after 10 mins	ic50	0.1000	uM
1-[4-[2-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl]butyl]-4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazine	31529: Inhibitory concentration was evaluated as concentration required to inhibit 50% of the Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 activity obtained from human THP-1 macrophage enzyme.	ic50	0.1050	uM
2-[5-methyl-5-[4-(4-phenylpyrazol-1-yl)butyl]-1,3-dioxan-2-yl]-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole	31532: Inhibitory concentration was evaluated as concentration required to inhibit 50% of the activity of human Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1	ic50	0.1100	uM
(3R,6S,9S,13S)-9-benzhydryl-3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-13-[(2S)-hexan-2-yl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)-1-oxa-4,7,10-triazacyclotridecane-2,5,8,11-tetrone	638437: Inhibition of ACAT1- mediated cholesteryl ester synthesis in macrophages	ic50	0.1100	uM
[(1S,2S,5S,6R,7R,9S,10S,18R)-5-acetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-18-hydroxy-2,6,10-trimethyl-16-oxo-14-pyridin-3-yl-11,15-dioxatetracyclo[8.8.0.02,7.012,17]octadeca-12(17),13-dien-9-yl] 3-methylsulfanylbenzoate	732690: Inhibition of ACAT1 (unknown origin) expressed in CHO cells	ic50	0.1100	uM
(1R,2S,3R,11R,13S,16S,17S,19R,20R,22S,25S,27S)-9-[(3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxy-1,2,24,24-tetramethyl-22-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-18,21,23,26-tetraoxa-4-azaoctacyclo[14.13.0.02,13.03,11.05,10.017,19.017,27.020,25]nonacosa-5,7,9-triene-11,16-diol	1940244: Inhibition of SOAT1 (unknown origin)	ic50	0.1200	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

48 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression	6
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases oxidation	3
entinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Cyclosporine	decreases expression, increases methylation	2
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	2
FR900359	decreases phosphorylation	1
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
alpha-pinene	affects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance	1
sodium arsenate	increases abundance, increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
methacrylaldehyde	affects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance	1
S-1,2-dichlorovinyl-N-acetylcysteine	affects expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	1
gypenoside	decreases expression	1
ICG 001	decreases expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	1
Vorinostat	increases expression	1
Acetaminophen	increases expression	1
Acrolein	affects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance	1
Air Pollutants, Occupational	decreases expression	1
Arsenic	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Biological Factors	decreases expression	1
Cadmium	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Cisplatin	increases expression	1
Cyclophosphamide	affects response to substance	1
Fluorouracil	affects response to substance	1

ChEMBL screening assays

136 unique, capped per target: 127 binding, 8 functional, 1 admet

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL1022201	Binding	Inhibition of human ACAT1 at 10 uM by liquid scintillography	Discovery of a potent, selective, and orally efficacious pyrimidinooxazinyl bicyclooctaneacetic acid diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 inhibitor. — J Med Chem
CHEMBL4392492	ADMET	Inhibition of human ACAT1	Accelerating the discovery of DGAT1 inhibitors through the application of parallel medicinal chemistry (PMC). — Bioorg Med Chem Lett
CHEMBL638497	Functional	Effect on Cholesterol O-Acyltransferase (ACAT)-catalyzed cholesteryl oleate formation (COF) in cultured monkey arterial smooth muscle cells in experiment 2 in the presence ofCationized Low-density lipoproteins +3 uM	Potential antiatherosclerotic agents. 5. An acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase inhibitor with hypocholesterolemic activity. — J Med Chem

Cellosaurus cell lines

5 cell lines: 5 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_B2H0	Abcam HeLa SOAT1 KO	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_E1K4	HyCyte HCT 116 KO-hSOAT1	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_TP94	HAP1 SOAT1 (-) 1	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_TP95	HAP1 SOAT1 (-) 2	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_TP96	HAP1 SOAT1 (-) 3	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

111 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT01052623	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Status of Growth Hormone/ Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) Axis and Growth Failure in Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT)
NCT02733679	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Response of Individuals With Ataxia-Telangiectasia to Metformin and Pioglitazone
NCT00417066	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Flexible GnRH Antagonist vs Flare up GnRH Agonist Protocol in Poor Responders
NCT00732693	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Physiologic and Standard Sex Steroid Replacement Regimens in Women With Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT00837616	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Estrogen Dosing in Turner Syndrome: Pharmacology and Metabolism
NCT01853501	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Effects of ADSC Therapy in Women With POF
NCT02783937	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Filgrastim for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
NCT03535480	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Autologous Bone Marrow Stem Cell Ovarian Transplantation to Restore Ovarian Function in Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT00656409	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine in Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT)
NCT03563053	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Extension Treatment Using EryDex System in Patients With AT Who Participated in the ATTeST-IEDAT-02-2015 Study
NCT06193200	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Evaluate the Neurological Effects of EryDex on Subjects With A-T
NCT06664853	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Open-Label Extension of EryDex Study IEDAT-04-2022
NCT06673056	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	A Pivotal Study of N-Acetyl-L-Leucine on Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T)
NCT00140998	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Estrogen Treatment (Oral vs. Patches) in Turner Syndrome
NCT03759678	PHASE2	TERMINATED	N-Acetyl-L-Leucine for Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T)
NCT03962114	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Effects of Vitamin B3 in Patients With Ataxia Telangiectasia
NCT04513002	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Ataxia-telangiectasia: Treating Mitochondrial Dysfunction With a Novel Form of Anaplerosis
NCT04870866	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	NAD Supplementation to Prevent Progressive Neurological Disease in Ataxia Telangiectasia
NCT04887311	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	MBM-01 (Tempol) for the Treatment of Ataxia Telangiectasia
NCT00001951	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Hormone Replacement in Young Women With Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT00370019	PHASE2	WITHDRAWN	Effects of an Estrogen Replacement Therapy Skin Patch on Ovulation in Women With Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT00429494	PHASE2	COMPLETED	GnRH Analogue for Ovarian Function Preservation in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients
NCT03816852	PHASE2	SUSPENDED	The Safety and Efficiency Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (19#iSCLife®-POI) in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
NCT04536467	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Ovarian Failure With Goserelin in Premenopausal Lymphoma Patients
NCT06117982	PHASE2	COMPLETED	The Impact of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor on Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
NCT05531890	PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Comparative Bioavailability of Betamethasone Oral Solution Metered Spray (GTX-102) in Healthy Subjects
NCT02912104	PHASE1	COMPLETED	A Therapeutic Trial of Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells Transplantation for Primary Ovarian Failure
NCT03178695	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Inovium Ovarian Rejuvenation Trials
NCT04815213	PHASE1	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	The Use of Expandeded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) in Premature Ovarian Failure (POF) in Adult Humans
NCT05138367	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Effects of UCA-PSCs in Women With POF
NCT06132542	PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Autologous ADMSC Transplantation in Patients With POI
NCT03655223	Not specified	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Early Check: Expanded Screening in Newborns
NCT05687474	Not specified	COMPLETED	Baby Detect : Genomic Newborn Screening
NCT05910151	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Selective Screening of Children for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases by Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Kazakhstan
NCT07215416	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	Safety and Efficacy of Mutation-targeted Precision Genetic Therapy for Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T)
NCT00640003	EARLY_PHASE1	COMPLETED	Baclofen Treatment of Ataxia Telangiectasia
NCT00187057	Not specified	COMPLETED	Study for Treatment of Cancer in Children With Ataxia-telangiectasia
NCT00951886	Not specified	UNKNOWN	The Validity of Forced Expiratory Maneuvers in Ataxia Telangiectasia Studied Longitudinally
NCT01075438	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Immunogenicity of Pneumococcal Vaccines in Ataxia-telangiectasia Patients
NCT01793168	Not specified	RECRUITING	Rare Disease Patient Registry & Natural History Study - Coordination of Rare Diseases at Sanford