SORCS1

Summary

SORCS1 (sortilin related VPS10 domain containing receptor 1, HGNC:16697) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 10q25.1, encoding VPS10 domain-containing receptor SorCS1 (Q8WY21).

This gene encodes one family member of vacuolar protein sorting 10 (VPS10) domain-containing receptor proteins. The VPS10 domain name comes from the yeast carboxypeptidase Y sorting receptor Vps10 protein. Members of this gene family are large with many exons but the CDS lengths are usually less than 3700 nt. Very large introns typically separate the exons encoding the VPS10 domain; the remaining exons are separated by much smaller-sized introns. These genes are strongly expressed in the central nervous system. Two of the five family members (sortilin and sortilin-related receptor) are synthesized as preproproteins; it is not yet known if this encoded protein is also a preproprotein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.

Source: NCBI Gene 114815 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): schizophrenia (No Known Disease Relationship, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 9
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 219 total — 1 likely-pathogenic
• MANE Select transcript: NM_052918

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:16697
Approved symbol	SORCS1
Name	sortilin related VPS10 domain containing receptor 1
Location	10q25.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000108018
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	606283
Entrez	114815

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 7 — 3 protein_coding, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 2 retained_intron

ENST00000263054, ENST00000369698, ENST00000452214, ENST00000472196, ENST00000473866, ENST00000478809, ENST00000486192

RefSeq mRNA: 7 — MANE Select: NM_052918 NM_001013031, NM_001206569, NM_001206570, NM_001206571, NM_001206572, NM_001387556, NM_052918

CCDS: CCDS7559

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000263054 — 26 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000723679	106620428	106620561
ENSE00000723690	106675049	106675156
ENSE00000723693	106679632	106679734
ENSE00000723696	106688192	106688338
ENSE00000723701	106706545	106706634
ENSE00000811796	106677313	106677404
ENSE00000933268	106618149	106618272
ENSE00000933270	106629202	106629388
ENSE00000933271	106652382	106652553
ENSE00000933277	106679256	106679332
ENSE00000933280	106699214	106699393
ENSE00000933282	106709223	106709341
ENSE00001153394	106730050	106730114
ENSE00001302189	106761588	106761661
ENSE00001314678	106956513	106956580
ENSE00001705874	106573663	106577555
ENSE00001743356	107163969	107164706
ENSE00003493135	106671237	106671367
ENSE00003507531	106611911	106612023
ENSE00003594107	106579369	106579474
ENSE00003600114	106672868	106672985
ENSE00003621305	106667689	106667802
ENSE00003661202	106607166	106607297
ENSE00003674368	106597351	106597450
ENSE00003724303	106776534	106776692
ENSE00003728707	106829574	106829673

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 188 present calls, max score 94.24.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 0.9295 / max 25.4761, expressed in 329 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
111339	0.4124	245
111340	0.3668	183
111338	0.1274	62
111341	0.0229	10

Top tissues by expression

250 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	94.24	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	94.10	gold quality
trigeminal ganglion	UBERON:0001675	93.83	gold quality
dorsal root ganglion	UBERON:0000044	91.89	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	91.63	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	87.99	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	86.26	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	83.03	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	81.54	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	81.26	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	81.15	gold quality
occipital lobe	UBERON:0002021	81.13	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	80.67	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	79.53	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	79.49	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	79.22	gold quality
postcentral gyrus	UBERON:0002581	79.13	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	79.08	gold quality
parietal lobe	UBERON:0001872	78.88	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	78.80	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	78.46	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	78.03	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	77.43	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	77.36	gold quality
entorhinal cortex	UBERON:0002728	77.29	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	76.89	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	76.73	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	76.43	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	76.06	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	75.81	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 4 experiment(s), a significant marker in 4.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-131882	yes	4287.30
E-CURD-119	yes	3864.36
E-HCAD-35	yes	58.57
E-ANND-3	yes	7.13

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

160 targeting SORCS1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-6740-5P	100.00	65.64	932
HSA-MIR-6127	100.00	66.76	2188
HSA-MIR-520G-5P	99.99	66.76	658
HSA-MIR-3185	99.99	68.12	1959
HSA-MIR-3662	99.99	73.82	5684
HSA-MIR-196A-1-3P	99.99	72.15	2772
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-8068	99.98	73.85	2376
HSA-MIR-12136	99.98	72.81	5713
HSA-LET-7F-2-3P	99.98	70.98	2588
HSA-MIR-1185-1-3P	99.98	71.04	2593
HSA-MIR-1185-2-3P	99.98	71.04	2593
HSA-MIR-3688-3P	99.97	72.02	2834
HSA-MIR-3065-5P	99.97	71.56	3281
HSA-MIR-551B-5P	99.96	71.28	3493
HSA-MIR-9-3P	99.96	70.88	2068
HSA-MIR-144-3P	99.94	73.98	2698
HSA-MIR-218-5P	99.93	72.22	2103
HSA-MIR-145-5P	99.92	71.13	1836
HSA-MIR-5195-3P	99.92	70.92	1877
HSA-MIR-589-3P	99.91	69.62	2088
HSA-MIR-219A-5P	99.91	73.36	735
HSA-MIR-6499-3P	99.90	66.38	1212
HSA-MIR-627-3P	99.90	71.42	3316
HSA-MIR-548E-5P	99.89	72.73	4486
HSA-MIR-4782-3P	99.88	73.31	735
HSA-MIR-6766-3P	99.88	73.38	732
HSA-MIR-4496	99.88	68.89	2236
HSA-MIR-548D-3P	99.87	70.67	4362

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 17)

• human sorCS1 has three isoforms, sorCS1a-c, with completely different cytoplasmic tails and differential expression in tissues (PMID:12482870)
• Different motifs regulate trafficking of SorCS1 isoforms. (PMID:18315530)
• SORCS1 SNPs show genotypic association with Alzheimer disease. (PMID:19241460)
• SNP which is nearest to SORCS1 is highly significantly associated with glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes (PMID:19875614)
• Dysfunction of SorCS1 may contribute to both the amyloid precursor protein/amyloidbeta disturbance underlying Alzheimer disease and the insulin/glucose disturbance underlying diabetes mellitus. (PMID:20881129)
• the 4 recently reported SNPs,located near BNC2, SORCS1, GSC and WDR72 loci, affecting glycemic control in type 1 diabetes had no apparent effect on HbA1c in type 2 diabetes; but, for SORCS1 SNP, findings do not rule out possible relationship with HbA1c (PMID:21294870)
• suggest that genetic variation in SORCS1 is associated with memory performance (PMID:22046233)
• Our data suggested that SORCS1 was in interaction with APOE in the development of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease in a Northern Han Chinese population (PMID:22353753)
• [review] Emerging data from a rapidly growing area of research implicates the Vps10 family of receptors and the retromer in physiological intracellular trafficking by neurotrophins and pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. (PMID:23055476)
• The genetic link between AD[Alzheimer’s disease]and SORCS1 gene variations are influenced by ethnic background, sex and whether an individual has type 2 diabetes mellitus (PMID:23279143)
• Genetic variation of the rs10884402 and rs950809 in intron 1 of SORCS1 is associated with late onset Alzheimer disease in the Chinese Han population. (PMID:23700427)
• Data identified associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in SORCS1 and renal function in large cohorts of European and African ancestry. (PMID:23780848)
• The propeptide region of sorCS1 contains two separate sites for binding to sortilin. One of these sites is removed from human sorCS1 during processing. (PMID:24128306)
• We report for the first time the relevance of SORCS1 polymorphisms for glycemic control and glucose stimulated insulin secretion in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. SORCS1 rs1416406 significantly influenced stimulated glucose plasma levels and increased glucose stimulated insulin secretion (PMID:27052493)
• Here the authors have characterized SorCS1, SorCS2 and SorCS3 using biochemical methods and electron microscopy. They found that their purified extracellular domains co-exist in stable dimeric and monomeric populations. (PMID:28827148)
• SorCS1 is epigenetically inactivated in a substantial fraction of colorectal cancers (PMID:31829024)
• SorCS1 inhibits amyloid-beta binding to neurexin and rescues amyloid-beta-induced synaptic pathology. (PMID:36697254)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio		ENSDARG00000112034
mus_musculus	Sorcs1	ENSMUSG00000043531
rattus_norvegicus	Sorcs1	ENSRNOG00000011313

Paralogs (4): SORT1 (ENSG00000134243), SORL1 (ENSG00000137642), SORCS3 (ENSG00000156395), SORCS2 (ENSG00000184985)

Protein

Protein identifiers

VPS10 domain-containing receptor SorCS1 — Q8WY21 (reviewed: Q8WY21)

All UniProt accessions (3): Q8WY21, H7C2U3, X6R7D6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Subcellular location. Membrane.

Tissue specificity. Detected in fetal and infant brain and in fetal retina.

Post-translational modifications. O-glycosylated.

Similarity. Belongs to the VPS10-related sortilin family. SORCS subfamily.

Isoforms (4)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q8WY21-1	1, B	yes
Q8WY21-2	2
Q8WY21-3	3, C
Q8WY21-4	4, A

RefSeq proteins (7): NP_001013049, NP_001193498, NP_001193499, NP_001193500, NP_001193501, NP_001374485, NP_443150* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000601	PKD_dom	Domain
IPR006581	VPS10	Domain
IPR013783	Ig-like_fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR015943	WD40/YVTN_repeat-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR031777	Sortilin_C	Domain
IPR031778	Sortilin_N	Domain
IPR035986	PKD_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050310	VPS10-sortilin	Family

Pfam: PF00801, PF15901, PF15902

UniProt features (43 total): glycosylation site 10, region of interest 6, disulfide bond 6, repeat 5, compositionally biased region 3, splice variant 3, domain 2, topological domain 2, sequence conflict 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, transmembrane region 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8WY21-F1	77.77	0.41

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (6): 518–523, 673–707, 690–721, 723–777, 730–742, 757–792

Glycosylation sites (10): 68, 184, 352, 433, 765, 776, 816, 847, 908, 929

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 149 (showing top): AGGAAGC_MIR5163P, BENPORATH_ES_WITH_H3K27ME3, MYOGENIN_Q6, RORA1_01, TTTGTAG_MIR520D, TGACCTY_ERR1_Q2, GOBP_VESICLE_MEDIATED_TRANSPORT, TACAATC_MIR508, GTACAGG_MIR486, AATGGAG_MIR136, COUP_01, CTCTAGA_MIR526C_MIR518F_MIR526A, EVI1_05, GTGCCTT_MIR506, GGCAGTG_MIR3243P

GO Biological Process (2): post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport (GO:0006892), neuropeptide signaling pathway (GO:0007218)

GO Molecular Function (2): neuropeptide receptor activity (GO:0008188), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (2): Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794), membrane (GO:0016020)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
Golgi vesicle transport	1
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
neuropeptide signaling pathway	1
G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity	1
neuropeptide binding	1
binding	1
cytoplasm	1
endomembrane system	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1220 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
SORCS1	VPS26A	O75436	707
SORCS1	SORT1	Q99523	699
SORCS1	CELSR2	Q9HCU4	685
SORCS1	APP	P05067	669
SORCS1	PSRC1	Q6PGN9	669
SORCS1	VPS35	Q96QK1	633
SORCS1	ZFP69	Q49AA0	595
SORCS1	VPS29	Q9UBQ0	526
SORCS1	NRXN1	Q9ULB1	523
SORCS1	NRXN2	Q9P2S2	516
SORCS1	CNTN4	Q8IWV2	496
SORCS1	SNX3	O60493	490
SORCS1	PICALM	Q13492	470
SORCS1	SNX1	Q13596	461
SORCS1	BACE1	P56817	447

IntAct

7 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
SORT1	NTS	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.610
CFTR	HAX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.610
SORT1	SORCS1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.540
SORT1	SORCS1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.540
PILRA	SORCS1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400

BioGRID (4): SORCS1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SORCS1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SORCS1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SORT1 (Reconstituted Complex)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A8M9PDM1, A2RU67, B8JI67, D3YX43, D3ZWJ9, E1B9E5, O08721, O08722, O60486, P35054, P35916, P35917, Q2HJE5, Q3TYX2, Q5F3L3, Q5M7W6, Q5R6F5, Q62190, Q63961, Q6AXW8, Q6NXM3, Q6P7C7, Q6PVW7, Q6ZN44, Q6ZQQ6, Q76MJ5, Q7TN88, Q80VA5, Q86XM0, Q8BYI8, Q8C0Z1, Q8CB67, Q8IZJ1, Q8K1S3, Q8K1S4, Q8N3G9, Q8TF17, Q8VI51, Q8WY21, Q91ZT1

Diamond homologs: A1C8D8, A2QHH4, A4RF05, A5E1P1, A6QWZ2, A6ZKT1, A7TT43, A8PE82, B2WDP9, B3LNF5, B5RU30, B5VDW2, B8NX76, B9W9N8, C0NKP8, C4Y3C1, C4YG73, C5DU19, C5FYX2, C5GVC6, C5JC96, C7GX93, C8Z3X9, C8ZAZ9, D1Z9Q3, D4AQV3, D4D4B1, E4UV76, P25657, P32319, P40438, P40890, P53751, Q0C7E3, Q2TVY7, Q4P3I9, Q6CNR4, Q6FPF1, Q754Q4, Q7SH60

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

219 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	1
Uncertain significance	178
Likely benign	11
Benign	7

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1691317	NM_052918.5(SORCS1):c.3371+167C>T	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

7409 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
10:106579476:T:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:106579476:T:TC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:106597350:CCCG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
10:106611909:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
10:106611910:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
10:106611912:TCC:T	donor_gain	1.0000
10:106618273:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:106629200:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
10:106629201:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
10:106629280:CGTT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
10:106629384:TCACC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:106629385:CACC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:106629385:CACCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:106629387:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:106629388:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:106629388:CCTGA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
10:106629389:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:106629389:CTG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
10:106629390:T:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
10:106652376:TCCTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
10:106652377:CCTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
10:106652378:CTAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
10:106652379:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
10:106652380:ACCTC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
10:106652381:C:A	donor_loss	1.0000
10:106652381:CCT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
10:106672982:CACT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:106675047:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
10:106675048:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
10:106675048:CGT:C	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

7591 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
10:106611955:A:G	W997R	1.000
10:106611955:A:T	W997R	1.000
10:106620451:A:G	W925R	1.000
10:106620451:A:T	W925R	1.000
10:106672947:A:G	L660P	1.000
10:106672952:C:A	W658C	1.000
10:106672952:C:G	W658C	1.000
10:106672953:C:G	W658S	1.000
10:106672954:A:G	W658R	1.000
10:106672954:A:T	W658R	1.000
10:106672975:G:C	H651D	1.000
10:106672977:C:T	G650E	1.000
10:106672978:C:G	G650R	1.000
10:106672978:C:T	G650R	1.000
10:106675115:A:G	F625S	1.000
10:106675129:C:A	W620C	1.000
10:106675129:C:G	W620C	1.000
10:106675131:A:G	W620R	1.000
10:106675131:A:T	W620R	1.000
10:106675140:C:A	G617W	1.000
10:106679262:C:A	W578C	1.000
10:106679262:C:G	W578C	1.000
10:106679264:A:G	W578R	1.000
10:106679264:A:T	W578R	1.000
10:106688249:C:A	W501C	1.000
10:106688249:C:G	W501C	1.000
10:106688251:A:G	W501R	1.000
10:106688251:A:T	W501R	1.000
10:106699337:C:A	W430C	1.000
10:106699337:C:G	W430C	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000003405 (10:106680915 T>A), RS1000010749 (10:106703644 G>T), RS1000014009 (10:106997290 G>T), RS1000014728 (10:106771879 C>G,T), RS1000022215 (10:107006516 A>G), RS1000024053 (10:106762600 T>C), RS1000031284 (10:106800203 CA>C), RS1000031387 (10:107041681 T>C), RS1000034703 (10:106733808 A>C), RS1000035609 (10:106868347 C>G), RS1000050158 (10:106808573 G>A,C), RS1000050652 (10:106844307 T>A,C,G), RS1000053956 (10:106924970 T>A), RS1000060105 (10:107178439 A>T), RS1000063021 (10:106996972 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:606283 | disease phenotypes: MIM:605526, MIM:192350

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
schizophrenia	No Known Disease Relationship	Unknown

Mondo (4): prostate cancer (MONDO:0008315), Alzheimer disease 6 (MONDO:0011561), VACTERL/vater association (MONDO:0008642), schizophrenia (MONDO:0005090)

Orphanet (3): Familial prostate cancer (Orphanet:1331), Early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease (Orphanet:1020), VACTERL/VATER association (Orphanet:887)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

9 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001894_1	Endometriosis	6.000000e-06
GCST002118_14	Metabolite levels (Pyroglutamine)	7.000000e-06
GCST002915_8	Asparaginase hypersensitivity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia	9.000000e-06
GCST004025_17	Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis	3.000000e-06
GCST004136_9	Methadone dose in opioid dependence	4.000000e-06
GCST004995_1	White matter microstructure in first episode schizophrenia (left posterior cingulate cortex)	5.000000e-08
GCST004997_1	Abnormal white matter microstructure in first episode schizophrenia (multivariate analysis)	2.000000e-07
GCST008169_12	Benign prostatic hyperplasia	4.000000e-07
GCST009532_13	Circulating leptin levels in high cardiovascular risk	9.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (5, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0005408	pyroglutamine measurement
EFO:0004881	asparaginase hypersensitivity
EFO:0007907	methadone dose measurement
EFO:0005674	white matter microstructure measurement
EFO:0005000	leptin measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (2)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D011471	Prostatic Neoplasms	C04.588.945.440.770; C12.100.500.260.750; C12.100.500.565.625; C12.200.294.260.750; C12.200.294.565.625; C12.200.758.409.750; C12.900.619.750
C565325	Alzheimer Disease 6 (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

23 total (human), top 23 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	decreases expression, increases expression, affects expression	4
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	3
mercuric bromide	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
entinostat	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases expression, increases methylation	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
bisphenol A	affects cotreatment, increases methylation	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
triadimefon	increases expression	1
beta-methylcholine	affects expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	1
bisphenol S	affects methylation	1
Arsenic Trioxide	decreases expression	1
Fulvestrant	affects cotreatment, increases methylation	1
Cadmium	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Carbamazepine	affects expression	1
Diethylhexyl Phthalate	decreases expression	1
Lead	affects expression	1
Tretinoin	increases expression	1
Triclosan	decreases expression	1
Sodium Selenite	decreases expression	1
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression, increases abundance	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

600 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00000374	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment for First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00001656	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Clozapine vs Olanzapine in Childhood-Onset Psychotic Disorders
NCT00007774	PHASE4	COMPLETED	To Determine if Olanzapine is More Cost Effective Than Haloperidol for the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00014001	PHASE4	COMPLETED	CATIE- Schizophrenia Trial
NCT00018668	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Antipsychotic Response in Schizophrenia
NCT00034801	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Versus Active Comparator in the Treatment of Depression in Patients With Schizophrenia
NCT00034905	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Comparison of Seroquel vs. Risperidone in Schizophrenia
NCT00036088	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Versus An Active Comparator in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00044187	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Assessment of a Weight-Gain Agent for the Treatment of Olanzapine-Associated Anti-Obesity Agent in Patients With Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Bipolar I Disorder
NCT00044655	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Switching Medication to Treat Schizophrenia
NCT00048828	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treating Drug-Resistant Childhood Schizophrenia
NCT00053703	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment of Early Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (TEOSS)
NCT00056498	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Risperidone Treatment in Schizophrenia Patients Who Are Currently Taking Clozapine
NCT00061802	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Two Atypical Antipsychotics vs. Placebo in Patients With an Acute Exacerbation of Either Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00080327	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Three Doses of Aripiprazole in Patients With Acute Schizophrenia
NCT00088049	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Olanzapine vs. Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00090012	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Continuing Olanzapine to Switching to Quetiapine in Overweight or Obese Patients With Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00100776	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of High Dose Olanzapine for the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00103571	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Versus Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Acutely Ill Patients With Schizophrenia
NCT00108368	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effects of Risperidone and Olanzapine on Thinking
NCT00114595	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Tardive Dyskinesia
NCT00130923	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Risperidone Long-acting Versus Oral Risperidone in Patients With Schizophrenia and Alcohol Use Disorder
NCT00137020	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Clinical Effect Of Cross Titration Of Antipsychotics With Ziprasidone In Schizophrenia Or Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00140166	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment of Acute Schizophrenia With Vitamin Therapy
NCT00145847	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Naltrexone Treatment of Alcohol Abuse in Schizophrenia
NCT00148564	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Energy Homeostasis Under Treatment With Atypical Antipsychotics
NCT00156715	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Quetiapine in the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia and a Comorbid Substance Use Disorder
NCT00158223	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Pimozide in Augmenting the Effects of Clozapine in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00159081	PHASE4	COMPLETED	One Year Drug Treatment in First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00159120	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Maintenance Treatment vs. Stepwise Drug Discontinuation in First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00159133	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Prodrome-Based Early Intervention With Antipsychotics vs. Benzodiazepines in First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00159757	PHASE4	TERMINATED	12 Week Open, Non-Comparative Switch Study Of Oral Ziprazidone In Previously Treated Schizophrenic Patients
NCT00167817	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Switch to Aripiprazole on Health and Smoking Parameters in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study
NCT00169026	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Alcoholism and Schizophrenia: Effects of Clozapine
NCT00169039	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Clozapine Versus Chlorpromazine for Treatment-Unresponsive Schizophrenia
NCT00169065	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Clozapine Versus Olanzapine for Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia
NCT00169091	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Clozapine Versus Haloperidol for Treating the First Episode of Schizophrenia
NCT00176423	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy Study of Galantamine for Cognitive Impairments in Schizophrenia
NCT00176436	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Atomoxetine for Treatment of Weight Gain in Olanzapine or Clozapine Patients
NCT00177008	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Aripiprazole for the Treatment of Schizophrenia With Co-Morbid Social Anxiety