SOWAHC

Summary

SOWAHC (sosondowah ankyrin repeat domain family member C, HGNC:26149) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2q13, encoding Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein SOWAHC (Q53LP3).

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 1 total — 1 pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 1
• MANE Select transcript: NM_023016

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:26149
Approved symbol	SOWAHC
Name	sosondowah ankyrin repeat domain family member C
Location	2q13
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ21870
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000198142
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
Entrez	65124

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000356454

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_023016 NM_023016

CCDS: CCDS33270

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000356454 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001417054	109614364	109618990

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 259 present calls, max score 97.45.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 8.9183 / max 165.0536, expressed in 1564 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
21925	7.4399	1548
21926	1.4784	772

Top tissues by expression

283 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	97.45	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	96.76	gold quality
epithelium of esophagus	UBERON:0001976	96.44	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	96.11	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	95.54	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	94.92	gold quality
squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006914	94.79	gold quality
colonic mucosa	UBERON:0000317	94.22	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	94.09	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	93.89	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	93.42	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	93.35	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	93.08	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	93.07	gold quality
cervix epithelium	UBERON:0004801	92.43	gold quality
tongue squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006919	90.69	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	90.35	gold quality
nipple	UBERON:0002030	89.91	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	89.80	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	89.48	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	88.89	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	88.36	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	88.06	gold quality
nephron tubule	UBERON:0001231	87.14	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	87.10	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	86.74	gold quality
mucosa of urinary bladder	UBERON:0001259	86.44	gold quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	86.30	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	85.88	gold quality
tibia	UBERON:0000979	85.69	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	14.25
E-MTAB-6911	no	39.13

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

184 targeting SOWAHC, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-LET-7A-3P	100.00	74.03	3932
HSA-LET-7B-3P	100.00	74.08	3913
HSA-LET-7F-1-3P	100.00	74.02	3928
HSA-MIR-98-3P	100.00	74.08	3907
HSA-MIR-340-5P	100.00	72.50	4437
HSA-MIR-200B-3P	100.00	73.31	2693
HSA-MIR-200C-3P	100.00	73.35	2685
HSA-MIR-429	100.00	73.44	2698
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-29A-3P	100.00	73.11	1835
HSA-MIR-29B-3P	100.00	73.18	1833
HSA-MIR-29C-3P	100.00	73.15	1833
HSA-MIR-33A-5P	99.99	68.62	1055
HSA-MIR-33B-5P	99.99	68.58	1062
HSA-MIR-150-5P	99.99	66.69	1976
HSA-MIR-4789-3P	99.99	70.75	2484
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-6759-5P	99.99	66.54	785
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-5696	99.98	72.36	4487
HSA-MIR-373-5P	99.98	75.36	4753
HSA-MIR-616-5P	99.98	75.58	4775
HSA-MIR-103A-3P	99.98	69.14	1595
HSA-MIR-107	99.98	69.14	1595
HSA-MIR-6793-5P	99.97	65.95	758
HSA-MIR-590-3P	99.96	74.34	6478
HSA-MIR-5688	99.96	73.23	4504

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 1)

• Methylationdriven genes PMPCAP1, SOWAHC and ZNF454 as potential prognostic biomarkers in lung squamous cell carcinoma. (PMID:32016477)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	sowahcb	ENSDARG00000059582
danio_rerio	sowahca	ENSDARG00000098790
mus_musculus	Sowahc	ENSMUSG00000098188
rattus_norvegicus	Sowahc	ENSRNOG00000064749

Paralogs (3): SOWAHB (ENSG00000186212), SOWAHD (ENSG00000187808), SOWAHA (ENSG00000198944)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein SOWAHC — Q53LP3 (reviewed: Q53LP3)

Alternative names: Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 57, Protein sosondowah homolog C

All UniProt accessions (1): Q53LP3

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Similarity. Belongs to the SOWAH family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_075392* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR002110	Ankyrin_rpt	Repeat
IPR036770	Ankyrin_rpt-contain_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR058889	WHD_SOWAHA-C	Domain

Pfam: PF12796, PF25877

UniProt features (17 total): compositionally biased region 5, modified residue 4, sequence conflict 3, repeat 2, region of interest 2, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q53LP3-F1	61.22	0.23

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (4): 88, 126, 213, 226

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

7 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-8980692	RHOA GTPase cycle
R-HSA-9013026	RHOB GTPase cycle
R-HSA-9035034	RHOF GTPase cycle
R-HSA-162582	Signal Transduction
R-HSA-194315	Signaling by Rho GTPases
R-HSA-9012999	RHO GTPase cycle
R-HSA-9716542	Signaling by Rho GTPases, Miro GTPases and RHOBTB3

MSigDB gene sets: 214 (showing top): MYOGENIN_Q6, TGCTGCT_MIR15A_MIR16_MIR15B_MIR195_MIR424_MIR497, JAEGER_METASTASIS_DN, NAGASHIMA_NRG1_SIGNALING_UP, GARGALOVIC_RESPONSE_TO_OXIDIZED_PHOSPHOLIPIDS_BLUE_UP, AMIT_EGF_RESPONSE_120_HELA, KOYAMA_SEMA3B_TARGETS_UP, LANDIS_ERBB2_BREAST_PRENEOPLASTIC_DN, CREIGHTON_ENDOCRINE_THERAPY_RESISTANCE_5, LANDIS_ERBB2_BREAST_TUMORS_65_DN, BURTON_ADIPOGENESIS_10, CUI_TCF21_TARGETS_2_DN, HU_GENOTOXIN_ACTION_DIRECT_VS_INDIRECT_24HR, RIZ_ERYTHROID_DIFFERENTIATION_APOBEC2, AMIT_SERUM_RESPONSE_120_MCF10A

GO Biological Process (0):

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (0):

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-4 pathways:

Category	Pathways
RHO GTPase cycle	3
Signaling by Rho GTPases, Miro GTPases and RHOBTB3	1
Signaling by Rho GTPases	1
Signal Transduction	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
binding	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

830 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
SOWAHC	STAU1	O95793	511
SOWAHC	ZNF454	Q8N9F8	507
SOWAHC	SLFN12	Q8IYM2	485
SOWAHC	SERPINE1	P05121	484
SOWAHC	OR10W1	Q8NGF6	476
SOWAHC	ACSL5	Q9ULC5	453
SOWAHC	PFKP	Q01813	448
SOWAHC	AKR1B1	P15121	441
SOWAHC	PERP	Q96FX8	425
SOWAHC	SLC19A1	P41440	423
SOWAHC	LIPG	Q9Y5X9	419
SOWAHC	LOX	P28300	418
SOWAHC	ENPEP	Q07075	414
SOWAHC	OR7G3	Q8NG95	405
SOWAHC	SPRING1	Q9H741	400

IntAct

16 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
DCAF7	DIAPH1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
RHOD	PLXNB2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
DCAF7	PFDN6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.570
PCBD1	SOWAHC	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
DIAPH1	PABPN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
Xpo1	IFT56	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DCAF7	DIAPH1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CAPZB	ENAH	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DIAPH1	CSPG5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PFN1	WASL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DCAF7	SOWAHB	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ARHGEF10L	SOWAHC	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (38): SOWAHC (Affinity Capture-MS), SOWAHC (Affinity Capture-MS), SOWAHC (Affinity Capture-MS), SOWAHC (Affinity Capture-MS), SOWAHC (Affinity Capture-MS), SOWAHC (Affinity Capture-MS), SOWAHC (Two-hybrid), SOWAHC (Affinity Capture-MS), SOWAHC (Proximity Label-MS), SOWAHC (Affinity Capture-MS), SOWAHC (Affinity Capture-MS), SOWAHC (Proximity Label-MS), SOWAHC (Proximity Label-MS), SOWAHC (Affinity Capture-MS), SOWAHC (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JNI1, E9Q0S6, O94983, O95402, P80192, Q08AE8, Q1JQA8, Q1LZH7, Q28DG6, Q3B7I8, Q3KPL3, Q3U1V8, Q4VAC9, Q53LP3, Q5BJT1, Q5DU25, Q5HZA4, Q5JU85, Q5M836, Q5PQ30, Q5RBI7, Q5REP3, Q5XG99, Q5ZKK0, Q69YU3, Q6DCC7, Q6DEF4, Q6IPM2, Q6IQA2, Q6P606, Q76G19, Q7TSI1, Q7Z3D4, Q80Y50, Q86UU1, Q8BL43, Q8BY98, Q8C0J6, Q8CC84, Q8IV50

Diamond homologs: A6NEL2, A6NJG2, Q2M3V2, Q53LP3, Q6NRK3, Q7XHR2, Q8BLS7, Q8BY98, Q8BZW2, Q8C0J6, Q9Z2F6, O90760

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

1 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	1
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	0
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1705945	GRCh37/hg19 2q12.3-13(chr2:109157562-110497991)x1	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

25 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
2:109618613:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.5200
2:109618614:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.5200
2:109614714:G:GG	donor_gain	0.4200
2:109615323:C:T	donor_gain	0.4000
2:109618505:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.4000
2:109618615:T:G	acceptor_gain	0.4000
2:109614713:A:AG	donor_gain	0.3700
2:109615556:TGGTG:T	donor_gain	0.3400
2:109615673:G:GT	donor_gain	0.3400
2:109618506:A:G	acceptor_gain	0.3300
2:109614788:C:G	donor_gain	0.3200
2:109615557:G:GA	donor_gain	0.3200
2:109614787:A:AG	donor_gain	0.3100
2:109615710:T:TA	donor_gain	0.3000
2:109615711:A:AA	donor_gain	0.3000
2:109615670:TGG:T	donor_gain	0.2700
2:109615671:GGG:G	donor_gain	0.2700
2:109615500:G:GT	donor_gain	0.2600
2:109615631:ACCTG:A	donor_gain	0.2600
2:109614717:C:A	donor_gain	0.2400
2:109615697:A:T	donor_gain	0.2400
2:109615432:C:T	donor_gain	0.2300
2:109615602:GGAC:G	donor_gain	0.2200
2:109614786:G:A	donor_gain	0.2100
2:109615373:TC:T	donor_gain	0.2100

AlphaMissense

3381 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
2:109615300:T:A	W271R	0.998
2:109615300:T:C	W271R	0.998
2:109615411:T:A	W308R	0.998
2:109615411:T:C	W308R	0.998
2:109615418:C:A	A310D	0.998
2:109615422:G:C	K311N	0.998
2:109615422:G:T	K311N	0.998
2:109615413:G:C	W308C	0.997
2:109615413:G:T	W308C	0.997
2:109615535:C:A	A349D	0.996
2:109615302:G:C	W271C	0.995
2:109615302:G:T	W271C	0.995
2:109615532:C:A	A348E	0.995
2:109615534:G:C	A349P	0.995
2:109615384:T:C	F299L	0.994
2:109615386:C:A	F299L	0.994
2:109615386:C:G	F299L	0.994
2:109615415:C:A	A309D	0.994
2:109615417:G:C	A310P	0.994
2:109615565:T:C	L359P	0.994
2:109615304:T:C	M272T	0.993
2:109615381:G:C	D298H	0.993
2:109615520:C:A	A344D	0.993
2:109615568:T:A	L360Q	0.993
2:109615568:T:C	L360P	0.993
2:109615603:G:C	D372H	0.993
2:109615604:A:T	D372V	0.993
2:109614656:T:C	F56S	0.992
2:109615327:T:A	W280R	0.992
2:109615327:T:C	W280R	0.992

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000010484 (2:109619019 C>T), RS1000115271 (2:109612423 G>A,T), RS1000563086 (2:109613925 G>A,C,T), RS1000669196 (2:109615077 C>G,T), RS1001119460 (2:109618535 A>G), RS1001123865 (2:109614929 C>A,T), RS1001186383 (2:109615335 C>A,T), RS1001345774 (2:109613642 G>A), RS1001520481 (2:109613653 A>G), RS1001855954 (2:109613742 A>G), RS1002034456 (2:109616622 G>A,T), RS1002149041 (2:109613625 T>C), RS1002566503 (2:109617024 G>A), RS1002788181 (2:109616892 AACTT>A), RS1003127345 (2:109612900 T>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene `` | disease phenotypes: MIM:209850

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): autism (MONDO:0005260)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

1 total (1 of 1 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000717	Autism

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST003048_108	Schizophrenia	5.000000e-08
GCST010396_79	Gut microbiota (bacterial taxa, hurdle binary method)	8.000000e-07
GCST010736_4	Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio	8.000000e-07

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0007874	gut microbiome measurement
EFO:0007778	urinary albumin to creatinine ratio

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D001321	Autistic Disorder	F03.625.164.113.500

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

51 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases methylation	6
Air Pollutants	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	4
Acetaminophen	decreases expression, increases expression	3
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Smoke	decreases expression, increases abundance	2
Aflatoxin B1	decreases methylation, increases expression	2
Palmitic Acid	decreases expression, increases phosphorylation	2
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
methylmercuric chloride	increases expression	1
alpha-pinene	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one	increases expression	1
trichostatin A	increases expression	1
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate	affects expression	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
potassium chromate(VI)	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
cupric chloride	increases expression	1
methacrylaldehyde	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
ciglitazone	increases expression, affects binding	1
epigallocatechin gallate	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
pentanal	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide	increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
PCI 5002	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Temozolomide	decreases expression	1
Pioglitazone	increases expression	1
Sunitinib	increases expression	1
Zoledronic Acid	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00211796	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Divalproex Sodium ER in Adult Autism
NCT00391261	PHASE4	COMPLETED	An Open-label Trial of Metformin for Weight Control of Pediatric Patients on Antipsychotic Medications.
NCT00409747	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Minocycline to Treat Childhood Regressive Autism
NCT00576732	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of the Effectiveness and Safety of Two Doses of Risperidone in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Autistic Disorder
NCT00844753	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Atomoxetine, Placebo and Parent Management Training in Autism
NCT01028820	PHASE4	COMPLETED	FMRI Brain Activation of Aripiprazole Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01098383	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Treatment With Acetyl-Choline Esterase Inhibitors in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01333865	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Memantine Hydrochloride (Namenda®) for Cognitive and Behavioral Impairment in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01337700	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Milnacipran in Autism and the Functional Locus Coeruleus and Noradrenergic Model of Autism
NCT01695200	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT02069977	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Aripiprazole
NCT02096952	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Methylphenidate ER Liquid Formulation in Adults With ASD and ADHD
NCT02199925	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	An Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of High-Dose Gammaplex in Children on the Autism Spectrum
NCT02235467	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Multisite Study: Parental Training Using Video Modelling to Develop Social Skills in Children With Autism
NCT02255565	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Dose Response Effects of Quillivant XR in Children With ADHD and Autism: A Pilot Study
NCT02940574	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Neural and Behavioral Effects of Oxytocin in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT03333629	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Promoting Positive Outcomes for Individuals With ASD: Linking Early Detection, Treatment, and Long-term Outcomes
NCT03337646	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of the Effect and Safety of Lisdexamfetamine in Children Aged 6-12 With ADHD and Autism
NCT03538431	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Improving Driving in Young People With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT03757585	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Natural Treatments for the Management of Emotional Dysregulation in Youth With Non-verbal Learning Disability (NVLD) and/or Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
NCT04903353	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pragmatic Trial Comparing Weight Gain in Children With Autism Taking Risperidone Versus Aripiprazole
NCT05063656	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Biomarker-Driven Pharmacological Treatment of Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder With Gabapentin
NCT05146245	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Antipsychotics in Children 2: Studying TDM in an RCT
NCT05916339	PHASE4	RECRUITING	AWARE: Management of ADHD in Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT05954052	PHASE4	TERMINATED	A Study of Glutathione in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT06853665	PHASE4	RECRUITING	The TEAM Study - Treatment Efficacy for Autism/Attention Using Mixed Amphetamine
NCT07054697	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pilot-RCT With Individualized Homeopathic Treatment in the Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT07161804	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pilot RCT Using Homeopathic Medicines in ASD
NCT07439042	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Buspirone for Anxiety in Autistic Youth
NCT00036231	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Synthetic Human Secretin in Children With Autism and Gastrointestinal Dysfunction
NCT00036244	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Synthetic Human Secretin in Children With Autism
NCT00065884	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Valproate Response in Aggressive Autistic Adolescents
NCT00065962	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Secretin for the Treatment of Autism
NCT00252603	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Galantamine Versus Placebo in Childhood Autism
NCT00346736	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Use of Acupuncture In Children With Autistic Spectrum Disorder
NCT00352248	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Randomized Controlled Trial of Acupuncture Versus Sham Acupuncture in Autistic Spectrum Disorder
NCT00352352	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Use of Acupuncture In Children With Autistic Spectrum Disorder
NCT00355329	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Randomized Control Trial of Using Tongue Acupuncture in Autistic Spectrum Disorder Using PET Scan for Clinical Correlation
NCT00498173	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Atomoxetine in Treating ADHD Symptoms in Children and Adolescents With Autism
NCT00541346	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Pilot Study of Daytrana TM in Children With Autism Co-Morbid for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms