SPX

Summary

SPX (spexin hormone, HGNC:28139) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12p12.1, encoding Spexin (Q9BT56). Plays a role as a central modulator of cardiovascular and renal function and nociception.

The protein encoded by this gene is a hormone involved in modulation of cardiovascular and renal function. It has also been shown in rats to cause weight loss. Several transcript variants have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 80763 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 25 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_030572

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:28139
Approved symbol	SPX
Name	spexin hormone
Location	12p12.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	MGC10946, NPQ, spexin, SPX1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000134548
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	619246
Entrez	80763

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 8 — 5 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 2 protein_coding, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000256969, ENST00000535033, ENST00000535139, ENST00000537527, ENST00000543800, ENST00000544637, ENST00000546199, ENST00000649016

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_030572 NM_030572

CCDS: CCDS31757

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000256969 — 6 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000915557	21526886	21526966
ENSE00000915558	21527135	21527192
ENSE00001231000	21526296	21526478
ENSE00003523532	21531137	21532947
ENSE00003631342	21527727	21527789
ENSE00003648295	21529001	21529084

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 208 present calls, max score 94.11.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 4.2986 / max 258.1616, expressed in 590 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (16 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
124681	0.7334	181
124671	0.7317	148
124680	0.6193	149
124686	0.4960	143
124673	0.3662	34
124670	0.2549	106
124682	0.2533	92
124678	0.2202	77
124679	0.1741	75
124685	0.1149	65

Top tissues by expression

286 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	94.11	gold quality
medial globus pallidus	UBERON:0002477	93.58	gold quality
globus pallidus	UBERON:0001875	92.82	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	91.95	gold quality
lateral globus pallidus	UBERON:0002476	91.82	gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulata	UBERON:0001966	90.77	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	90.59	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	90.24	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	90.17	gold quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	89.96	gold quality
subthalamic nucleus	UBERON:0001906	89.82	gold quality
midbrain	UBERON:0001891	89.72	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	89.68	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	89.52	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	88.96	gold quality
substantia nigra pars compacta	UBERON:0001965	88.91	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	88.32	gold quality
superior vestibular nucleus	UBERON:0007227	88.31	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	87.60	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	87.51	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	87.50	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	87.00	gold quality
ventral tegmental area	UBERON:0002691	86.88	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	86.71	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	86.66	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	86.33	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	86.29	gold quality
temporal lobe	UBERON:0001871	86.19	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	85.72	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	85.15	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	10.63

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

81 targeting SPX, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6867-5P	100.00	82.21	3464
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-3646	100.00	73.56	5283
HSA-MIR-3064-3P	100.00	70.09	1254
HSA-MIR-4262	100.00	73.26	3931
HSA-MIR-10401-5P	99.99	65.79	948
HSA-MIR-4789-3P	99.99	70.75	2484
HSA-MIR-6759-5P	99.99	66.54	785
HSA-MIR-3617-3P	99.98	67.86	918
HSA-MIR-3148	99.97	75.06	6478
HSA-MIR-607	99.97	73.62	5593
HSA-MIR-570-3P	99.96	72.41	4910
HSA-MIR-493-5P	99.96	72.47	2382
HSA-LET-7C-3P	99.95	73.42	2862
HSA-MIR-128-3P	99.95	71.17	2484
HSA-MIR-216A-3P	99.95	71.19	2505
HSA-MIR-651-3P	99.94	73.48	5177
HSA-MIR-3119	99.92	71.34	2390
HSA-MIR-374A-5P	99.90	71.34	2923
HSA-MIR-374B-5P	99.90	69.98	2734
HSA-MIR-95-5P	99.89	72.17	3973
HSA-MIR-3681-3P	99.88	70.46	2254
HSA-MIR-3140-3P	99.88	68.47	2069
HSA-MIR-4698	99.84	71.41	4303
HSA-MIR-548AZ-5P	99.83	69.94	3230
HSA-MIR-548T-5P	99.83	69.91	3220
HSA-MIR-4799-5P	99.82	70.60	2663
HSA-MIR-323A-3P	99.79	70.30	1739
HSA-MIR-4766-5P	99.75	69.23	2662

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 23)

• Taken together, although C12ORF39 is not a secreted small peptide, it can also be secreted to play a role in the biological functions of the placenta. (PMID:19193193)
• newly identified peptides derived from the NPQ/spexin precursor contribute to CNS-mediated control of arterial blood pressure and salt and water balance and modulate nociceptive responses (PMID:22038051)
• Data from ligand-receptor interaction studies suggest that human spexin-1 and zebrafish spexin-2 activate galanin receptors GALR2/GALR3 (but not GALR1); thus spexins appear to be natural ligands for human/Xenopus/zebrafish GALR2/GALR3. (PMID:24517231)
• Circulating spexin levels are low in T2DM patients and negatively related to blood glucose and lipids suggesting that the peptide may play a role in glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM. (PMID:26211893)
• The results suggest that C12orf39, CSTA, and CALCB are novel ATF4 target genes, and that C12orf39 promoter activity is activated by ATF4 through amino acid response element. (PMID:26967115)
• Lower circulating levels of Spexin in obese children compared with their normal-weight counterparts and the ability to discriminate obese and normal-weight groups based on Spexin concentration enabled us to suggest a potential role for this novel peptide in childhood obesity. (PMID:27218269)
• Data suggest that, in response to oral glucose (as in oral glucose tolerance test), adolescent serum spexin levels are not significantly correlated with body composition, fitness, or blood biochemical measurements; these studies were conducted in adolescents with either healthy normal weight, obesity, type 2 diabetes, or obesity plus type 2 diabetes. (PMID:28626942)
• Serum levels of both spexin and kisspetin show negative correlation with obesity and insulin resistance in women. (PMID:29137471)
• SPX levels are positively influenced by glucose intolerance in pregnant women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), while they decrease in control women without GDM. (PMID:30031679)
• Lower circulating levels of SPX in adults are modestly associated with components of metabolic syndrome and are sex-specific. (PMID:30254709)
• SPX is a novel regulator of lipid metabolism in murine 3T3-L1 and human adipocytes. (PMID:30305242)
• serum SPX levels significantly decreased in obese children and negatively correlated with insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell function indicators (PMID:30673665)
• Spexin levels were significantly higher in women with gestational diabetes and closely related to HOMA-IR in the third trimester pregnancy. (PMID:31109216)
• Maternal and umbilical cord blood subfatin and spexin levels in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. (PMID:32068104)
• Different spexin level in obese vs normal weight children and its relationship with obesity related risk factors. (PMID:32139252)
• Spexin-expressing neurons in the magnocellular nuclei of the human hypothalamus. (PMID:33161073)
• The effect of umbilical cord blood spexin, free 25(OH) vitamin D3 and adipocytokine levels on intrauterine growth and anthropometric measurements in newborns. (PMID:34010726)
• The Association of Serum Circulating Neuropeptide Q and Chemerin Levels with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. (PMID:34944507)
• Serum spexin levels are not associated with size at birth but are associated with metabolic syndrome components in prepubertal children born at term. (PMID:35334196)
• The role of spexin in energy metabolism. (PMID:36914115)
• Spexin role in human granulosa cells physiology and PCOS: expression and negative impact on steroidogenesis and proliferationdagger. (PMID:37658762)
• Normalization of Spexin Levels in Patients with Obesity Submitted to Bariatric Surgery. (PMID:38072893)
• Serum Spexin Level Is Negatively Associated With Peripheral Neuropathy and Sensory Pain in Type 2 Diabetes. (PMID:38919263)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	spx	ENSDARG00000056859
mus_musculus	Spx	ENSMUSG00000071112
rattus_norvegicus	Spx	ENSRNOG00000053700

Protein

Protein identifiers

Spexin — Q9BT56 (reviewed: Q9BT56)

Alternative names: NPQ, Neuropeptide Q, Spexin hormone

All UniProt accessions (3): A0A3B3ISF3, Q9BT56, F5GXE5

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Plays a role as a central modulator of cardiovascular and renal function and nociception. Also plays a role in energy metabolism and storage. Inhibits adrenocortical cell proliferation with minor stimulation on corticosteroid release. Acts as a ligand for galanin receptors GALR2 and GALR3. Intracerebroventricular administration of the peptide induces an increase in arterial blood pressure, a decrease in both heart rate and renal excretion and delayed natriuresis. Intraventricular administration of the peptide induces antinociceptive activity. Also induces contraction of muscarinic-like stomach smooth muscles. Intraperitoneal administration of the peptide induces a reduction in food consumption and body weight. Inhibits long chain fatty acid uptake into adipocytes. Intracerebroventricular administration of the peptide induces a decrease in heart rate, but no change in arterial pressure, and an increase in urine flow rate. Intraventricular administration of the peptide induces antinociceptive activity.

Subcellular location. Secreted. Extracellular space. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Secretory vesicle.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in the type I glomic cells within the carotid body (at protein level). Expressed predominantly in pancreas, testis, kidney, brain and placenta. Expressed in submucosal layer of esophagus and stomach fundus.

Induction. Down-regulated in omental and subcutaneous fat of obese subjects.

Similarity. Belongs to the spexin family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_085049* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR028126	Spexin	Family

Pfam: PF15171

UniProt features (14 total): site 3, propeptide 3, peptide 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, modified residue 1, helix 1, region of interest 1, compositionally biased region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
7XJL	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.5

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9BT56-F1	65.26	0.07

Antibody-complex structures (SAbDab): 1 — 7XJL

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (3): 52–53 (cleavage; by prohormone convertase 2); 72–73 (cleavage; by prohormone convertase 2); 35–36 (cleavage; by prohormone convertase 2)

Post-translational modifications (1): 49

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 136 (showing top): GOBP_EXCRETION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_BLOOD_PRESSURE, GOBP_CIRCULATORY_SYSTEM_PROCESS, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_SYSTEMIC_ARTERIAL_BLOOD_PRESSURE, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_SMOOTH_MUSCLE_CONTRACTION, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_FOOD, GOBP_ORGANIC_ACID_TRANSPORT, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_MUSCLE_CONTRACTION, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_PAIN, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_MULTICELLULAR_ORGANISMAL_PROCESS, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_TRANSPORT, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_MUSCLE_CONTRACTION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_BLOOD_CIRCULATION, GOBP_MUSCLE_CONTRACTION

GO Biological Process (8): positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure (GO:0003084), negative regulation of heart rate (GO:0010459), negative regulation of appetite (GO:0032099), negative regulation of renal sodium excretion (GO:0035814), long-chain fatty acid import into cell (GO:0044539), regulation of sensory perception of pain (GO:0051930), positive regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction (GO:1904306), signal transduction (GO:0007165)

GO Molecular Function (3): neuropeptide hormone activity (GO:0005184), hormone activity (GO:0005179), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (6): obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), transport vesicle (GO:0030133), dense core granule (GO:0031045), extracellular region (GO:0005576), cytoplasmic vesicle (GO:0031410)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	2
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure	1
positive regulation of blood pressure	1
regulation of heart rate	1
negative regulation of heart contraction	1
negative regulation of response to food	1
regulation of appetite	1
renal sodium excretion	1
regulation of renal sodium excretion	1
negative regulation of secretion	1
negative regulation of multicellular organismal process	1
long-chain fatty acid transport	1
import into cell	1
lipid import into cell	1
sensory perception of pain	1
regulation of sensory perception	1
gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction	1
positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction	1
regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction	1
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
hormone activity	1
neuropeptide activity	1
receptor ligand activity	1
binding	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
endomembrane system	1
cytoplasmic vesicle	1
secretory granule	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

490 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
SPX	GALR2	O43603	926
SPX	GALR3	O60755	879
SPX	CLPX	O76031	774
SPX	GAL	P22466	750
SPX	CLPP	Q16740	723
SPX	LGALS2	P05162	698
SPX	GALR1	P47211	637
SPX	NPY	P01303	608
SPX	QRFP	P83859	583
SPX	KISS1	Q15726	574
SPX	GALP	Q9UBC7	574
SPX	ECRG4	Q9H1Z8	572
SPX	LGALS3	P17931	569
SPX	INS	P01308	498
SPX	PRLH	P81277	497

IntAct

5 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
MRM1	SPX	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SPX	ERI3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SPX	MRM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (32): MRM1 (Two-hybrid), CERCAM (Affinity Capture-MS), ATG7 (Affinity Capture-MS), NCOA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ERI3 (Affinity Capture-MS), HSPA5 (Affinity Capture-MS), CLN5 (Affinity Capture-MS), LRFN1 (Affinity Capture-MS), PCYOX1L (Affinity Capture-MS), CES3 (Affinity Capture-MS), IBA57 (Affinity Capture-MS), ADAM9 (Affinity Capture-MS), NELFA (Affinity Capture-MS), CAMKMT (Affinity Capture-MS), PPP2R5E (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1L2F565, B3IWF7, B3IWF9, D3Z752, E2E4E4, F1QQI2, I7C2V3, M0R8L2, O46540, O62647, O73812, O93448, P01146, P01257, P01258, P07501, P0DQY8, P10093, P12272, P12969, P15743, P22858, P27104, P47851, P51918, P52211, P58073, P63152, P63292, P70160, P81564, P81872, Q0VBW8, Q0VC44, Q13519, Q5H8A3, Q60549, Q64387, Q75V94, Q75V95

Diamond homologs: A0A077DF94, D3Z752, F1QQI2, I7C2V3, M0R8L2, Q0VC44, Q9BT56

SIGNOR signaling

2 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
SPX	“up-regulates activity”	GALR2	binding
SPX	“up-regulates activity”	GALR3	binding

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

25 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	17
Likely benign	3
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1055 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
12:21526476:AAGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:21526478:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
12:21527125:C:CA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:21527126:G:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:21527785:GCCGG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
12:21527788:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
12:21527789:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
12:21527790:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
12:21527790:GT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
12:21527791:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:21528999:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:21529000:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:21529000:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:21529000:GAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:21529000:GAAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:21529080:AGAAG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:21529081:GAAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
12:21529081:GAAGG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
12:21529082:AAG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:21529083:AG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:21529084:GGTAC:G	donor_loss	1.0000
12:21529086:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
12:21531135:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:21531136:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:21539334:TAATA:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:21539335:AATA:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:21539336:ATA:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:21539337:TA:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:21539339:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:21539340:T:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

743 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
12:21527184:A:T	K46I	0.980
12:21527185:A:C	K46N	0.974
12:21527185:A:T	K46N	0.974
12:21527158:G:C	W37C	0.968
12:21527158:G:T	W37C	0.968
12:21527156:T:A	W37R	0.963
12:21527156:T:C	W37R	0.963
12:21527181:T:C	L45P	0.949
12:21527168:G:C	A41P	0.940
12:21527186:G:A	G47R	0.938
12:21527186:G:C	G47R	0.938
12:21527186:G:T	G47W	0.928
12:21527184:A:C	K46T	0.925
12:21527177:T:G	Y44D	0.923
12:21527738:T:C	F53L	0.923
12:21527740:C:A	F53L	0.923
12:21527740:C:G	F53L	0.923
12:21527175:T:A	L43H	0.911
12:21527175:T:C	L43P	0.910
12:21527152:G:C	R35S	0.906
12:21527152:G:T	R35S	0.906
12:21527729:G:C	G50R	0.901
12:21527167:A:C	Q40H	0.892
12:21527167:A:T	Q40H	0.892
12:21527178:A:G	Y44C	0.884
12:21527178:A:C	Y44S	0.877
12:21527177:T:A	Y44N	0.876
12:21527183:A:G	K46E	0.876
12:21527155:C:A	N36K	0.868
12:21527155:C:G	N36K	0.868

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000981497 (12:21533064 G>T), RS1001067841 (12:21529725 G>A), RS1001351967 (12:21529994 C>G,T), RS1001575007 (12:21526326 C>G,T), RS1001582206 (12:21533408 T>A), RS1001910432 (12:21528449 T>C), RS1002632587 (12:21532622 T>G), RS1003018814 (12:21525379 T>C), RS1003199091 (12:21529543 G>A), RS1003794381 (12:21527978 C>A,T), RS1003856137 (12:21528147 G>C), RS1003989750 (12:21527427 C>G,T), RS1004462464 (12:21531000 T>A,C), RS1004863417 (12:21529706 C>G), RS1004893203 (12:21529307 C>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:619246 | disease phenotypes: MIM:608569

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): dilated cardiomyopathy 1O (MONDO:0012062)

Orphanet (1): Familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy (Orphanet:154)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST90002395_117	Mean platelet volume	3.000000e-11

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
C563906	Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, 1o (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

49 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression, decreases expression	7
Cyclosporine	increases expression	3
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, increases expression	2
perfluorooctanoic acid	increases expression	2
perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid	increases expression	2
Vorinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Copper	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects binding, increases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression, increases expression	2
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
alpha-pinene	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases abundance	1
decabromobiphenyl ether	affects expression	1
beta-lapachone	increases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	increases expression	1
potassium chromate(VI)	increases expression	1
methacrylaldehyde	increases expression, increases abundance, affects cotreatment	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	increases expression	1
2-palmitoylglycerol	increases expression	1
entinostat	decreases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
belinostat	decreases expression	1
2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl ether	increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
bisphenol S	increases expression	1
jinfukang	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
NSC 689534	affects binding, increases expression	1
theaflavin-3,3’-digallate	affects expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Zoledronic Acid	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.