STXBP5L

Summary

STXBP5L (syntaxin binding protein 5L, HGNC:30757) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 3q13.33, encoding Syntaxin-binding protein 5-like (Q9Y2K9). Plays a role in vesicle trafficking and exocytosis inhibition.

The protein encoded by this gene is similar to syntaxin-binding protein 5 and contains ten N-terminal WD40 repeats, four variable region WD40 repeats, and a C-terminal R-SNARE domain. Studies of the orthologous proteins in mouse and rat have shown that the encoded protein may inhibit exocytosis in neurosecretory cells, and may negatively regulate the secretion of insulin. A missense variant in this gene is likely the cause of an infantile-onset neurodegenerative disorder diagnosed in two siblings of consanguineous parents.

Source: NCBI Gene 9515 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 9
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 177 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001308330

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:30757
Approved symbol	STXBP5L
Name	syntaxin binding protein 5L
Location	3q13.33
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	KIAA1006, LLGL4, tomosyn-2
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000145087
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	609381
Entrez	9515

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 11 — 10 protein_coding, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000273666, ENST00000461772, ENST00000471262, ENST00000471454, ENST00000472879, ENST00000492541, ENST00000495504, ENST00000497029, ENST00000707001, ENST00000879204, ENST00000938469

RefSeq mRNA: 5 — MANE Select: NM_001308330 NM_001308330, NM_001348343, NM_001348344, NM_001348345, NM_014980

CCDS: CCDS43137, CCDS77799

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000471454 — 27 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000968706	121157504	121157627
ENSE00000968707	121205923	121206001
ENSE00000968709	121233616	121233688
ENSE00000968710	121238971	121239118
ENSE00000968711	121240440	121240507
ENSE00000968712	121250723	121250763
ENSE00000968713	121254895	121255112
ENSE00000968714	121257161	121257333
ENSE00000968715	121259043	121259168
ENSE00000968716	121279805	121279956
ENSE00000968718	121318475	121318540
ENSE00000968723	121223003	121223157
ENSE00001012295	121413158	121413323
ENSE00001012297	121381293	121381532
ENSE00001012307	121415857	121415968
ENSE00001012310	121378716	121378886
ENSE00001012312	121418337	121418557
ENSE00001012313	121407243	121407603
ENSE00001078687	120909571	120909767
ENSE00001078688	120954940	120955037
ENSE00001137699	121419056	121424761
ENSE00001137704	120908205	120908334
ENSE00003472237	121114925	121115059
ENSE00003530309	121045435	121045535
ENSE00003604300	121152477	121152560
ENSE00003645823	121041700	121041781
ENSE00003653782	121121641	121121704

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 145 present calls, max score 89.45.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 6.2174 / max 737.0575, expressed in 368 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
38181	6.0515	363
38182	0.0776	44
38183	0.0527	31
38184	0.0356	27

Top tissues by expression

273 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	89.45	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	89.40	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	89.35	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	89.10	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	88.57	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	87.44	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	87.34	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	85.31	gold quality
pons	UBERON:0000988	85.24	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	84.67	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	83.83	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	83.08	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	83.04	gold quality
occipital lobe	UBERON:0002021	82.44	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	82.20	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	81.40	gold quality
postcentral gyrus	UBERON:0002581	81.08	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	81.07	gold quality
parietal lobe	UBERON:0001872	80.98	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	80.95	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	80.76	gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampus	UBERON:0003881	80.75	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	80.29	gold quality
entorhinal cortex	UBERON:0002728	80.11	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	79.93	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	79.30	gold quality
orbitofrontal cortex	UBERON:0004167	77.45	gold quality
telencephalon	UBERON:0001893	75.90	gold quality
brain	UBERON:0000955	75.77	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	75.55	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 7 experiment(s), a significant marker in 6.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-HCAD-35	yes	2630.28
E-GEOD-180759	yes	2354.45
E-HCAD-25	yes	2234.64
E-GEOD-98556	yes	279.29
E-MTAB-5061	yes	10.94
E-ANND-3	yes	5.67
E-HCAD-30	no	1343.29

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

257 targeting STXBP5L, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6867-5P	100.00	82.21	3464
HSA-MIR-4425	100.00	67.59	1049
HSA-MIR-4283	100.00	66.42	2097
HSA-MIR-6833-3P	100.00	70.63	3197
HSA-MIR-4768-5P	100.00	69.49	2861
HSA-MIR-340-5P	100.00	72.50	4437
HSA-MIR-3646	100.00	73.56	5283
HSA-MIR-450A-1-3P	100.00	69.33	1837
HSA-LET-7F-1-3P	100.00	74.02	3928
HSA-MIR-1277-5P	100.00	73.95	5056
HSA-MIR-3185	99.99	68.12	1959
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-511-3P	99.99	68.85	1467
HSA-MIR-548AW	99.99	72.57	3559
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-548P	99.98	72.25	3784
HSA-MIR-4482-3P	99.98	72.50	3147
HSA-LET-7F-2-3P	99.98	70.98	2588
HSA-MIR-1185-1-3P	99.98	71.04	2593
HSA-MIR-1185-2-3P	99.98	71.04	2593
HSA-MIR-607	99.97	73.62	5593
HSA-MIR-493-5P	99.96	72.47	2382
HSA-MIR-4666A-3P	99.96	71.71	3434
HSA-MIR-590-3P	99.96	74.34	6478
HSA-MIR-302E	99.96	70.74	2669
HSA-MIR-1250-3P	99.96	70.04	4038
HSA-MIR-551B-5P	99.96	71.28	3493
HSA-LET-7C-3P	99.95	73.42	2862
HSA-MIR-9983-3P	99.94	71.48	3631
HSA-MIR-335-3P	99.93	73.36	4958

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

• In skin aging rs322458, was in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with intronic single nucleotide polymorphisms of the STXBP5L gene, which is expressed in the skin. (PMID:23223146)
• A homozygous nonsynonymous mutation in STXBP5L (c.3127G>A, p.Val1043Ile [CCDS43137.1]) was implicated in an infantile-onset neurodegenerative disorder manifesting a predominant sensorimotor axonal neuropathy, optic atrophy and cognitive deficit. (PMID:25504045)
• Homozygous mutation of STXBP5L is associated with autosomal recessive infantile-onset neurodegenerative disorder. (PMID:25504045)
• Novel genetic variants linked to prelabor rupture of membranes among Chinese pregnant women. (PMID:37054626)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	stxbp5l	ENSDARG00000006383
mus_musculus	Stxbp5l	ENSMUSG00000022829
rattus_norvegicus	Stxbp5l	ENSRNOG00000002496
drosophila_melanogaster	Tomosyn	FBGN0030412
caenorhabditis_elegans	tom-1	WBGENE00006594

Paralogs (3): LLGL2 (ENSG00000073350), LLGL1 (ENSG00000131899), STXBP5 (ENSG00000164506)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Syntaxin-binding protein 5-like — Q9Y2K9 (reviewed: Q9Y2K9)

Alternative names: Lethal(2) giant larvae protein homolog 4, Tomosyn-2

All UniProt accessions (7): C9JCY1, C9JPK3, C9JQS3, C9JUZ7, C9K0E4, E9PFI2, Q9Y2K9

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Plays a role in vesicle trafficking and exocytosis inhibition. In pancreatic beta-cells, inhibits insulin secretion probably by interacting with and regulating STX1A and STX4, key t-SNARE proteins involved in the fusion of insulin granules to the plasma membrane. Also plays a role in neurotransmitter release by inhibiting basal acetylcholine release from axon terminals and by preventing synaptic fatigue upon repetitive stimulation. Promotes as well axonal outgrowth.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with STX1A and STX4.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Cell membrane. Membrane.

Tissue specificity. Detected in kidney, hippocampus and lung carcinoma.

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylated, leading to STXBP5L increased turnover and subsequent de-repression of insulin secretion. Phosphorylated on serine residues in response to glucose or phorbol esters. Ubiquitinated by the E3 ligase SYVN1, leading to STXBP5L proteasomal degradation.

Similarity. Belongs to the WD repeat L(2)GL family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9Y2K9-1	1	yes
Q9Y2K9-2	2

RefSeq proteins (5): NP_001295259, NP_001335272, NP_001335273, NP_001335274, NP_055795 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000664	Lethal2_giant	Family
IPR001680	WD40_rpt	Repeat
IPR013577	LLGL2	Domain
IPR013905	Lgl_C_dom	Domain
IPR015943	WD40/YVTN_repeat-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR019775	WD40_repeat_CS	Conserved_site
IPR036322	WD40_repeat_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR042855	V_SNARE_CC	Domain

Pfam: PF00400, PF08366, PF08596

UniProt features (46 total): modified residue 20, repeat 14, sequence variant 3, region of interest 2, compositionally biased region 2, splice variant 2, chain 1, domain 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9Y2K9-F1	77.38	0.56

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (20): 1, 568, 574, 589, 593, 596, 599, 709, 763, 765, 766, 771, 772, 793, 800, 812, 820, 822, 823, 1093

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 130 (showing top): GOBP_VESICLE_MEDIATED_TRANSPORT, GOBP_EXOCYTOSIS, GOBP_GOLGI_TO_PLASMA_MEMBRANE_TRANSPORT, MORF_IL4, GOBP_SECRETION, GOBP_LOCALIZATION_WITHIN_MEMBRANE, BLALOCK_ALZHEIMERS_DISEASE_DN, GOMF_SYNTAXIN_BINDING, ZHENG_IL22_SIGNALING_UP, GOBP_GOLGI_VESICLE_TRANSPORT, MORF_PAX7, GOMF_ENZYME_ACTIVATOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_CYTOSKELETAL_PROTEIN_BINDING, GOMF_NUCLEOSIDE_TRIPHOSPHATASE_REGULATOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_ENZYME_REGULATOR_ACTIVITY

GO Biological Process (7): exocytosis (GO:0006887), Golgi to plasma membrane transport (GO:0006893), protein transport (GO:0015031), regulation of exocytosis (GO:0017157), glucose homeostasis (GO:0042593), negative regulation of insulin secretion (GO:0046676), regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (GO:2000300)

GO Molecular Function (4): GTPase activator activity (GO:0005096), syntaxin binding (GO:0019905), myosin II binding (GO:0045159), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (6): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), SNARE complex (GO:0031201), membrane (GO:0016020), neuromuscular junction (GO:0031594), neuronal dense core vesicle (GO:0098992)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	2
vesicle-mediated transport	1
secretion by cell	1
vesicle fusion to plasma membrane	1
post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport	1
vesicle-mediated transport to the plasma membrane	1
transport	1
intracellular protein localization	1
establishment of protein localization	1
exocytosis	1
regulation of vesicle-mediated transport	1
regulation of secretion by cell	1
carbohydrate homeostasis	1
insulin secretion	1
negative regulation of protein secretion	1
regulation of insulin secretion	1
negative regulation of peptide hormone secretion	1
synaptic vesicle exocytosis	1
regulation of neurotransmitter secretion	1
regulation of regulated secretory pathway	1
GTPase activity	1
enzyme activator activity	1
GTPase regulator activity	1
SNARE binding	1
myosin binding	1
binding	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
cytoplasm	1
membrane protein complex	1
synapse	1
dense core granule	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1266 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
STXBP5L	SNAP23	O00161	701
STXBP5L	STX4	Q12846	637
STXBP5L	STX1A	Q16623	627
STXBP5L	STX11	O75558	574
STXBP5L	STX19	Q8N4C7	566
STXBP5L	AP3S2	P59780	474
STXBP5L	SCGN	O76038	455
STXBP5L	SNAP25	P13795	412
STXBP5L	SYNPO2	Q9UMS6	410
STXBP5L	STXBP1	P61764	407
STXBP5L	AZIN1	O14977	399
STXBP5L	SDR39U1	Q9NRG7	390
STXBP5L	NSG2	Q9Y328	384
STXBP5L	C9orf153	Q5TBE3	369
STXBP5L	STXBP3	O00186	360

IntAct

12 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
STXBP5L	GPSM3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
STX12	STXBP5L	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
STX2	STXBP5L	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SNAP23	STXBP5L	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
STX19	SULT1A2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
STX19	SNAP23	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GPSM3	STXBP5L	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
STX12	STXBP5L	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
STX2	STXBP5L	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (256): STXBP5L (Affinity Capture-MS), STXBP5L (Affinity Capture-MS), STXBP5L (Affinity Capture-RNA), STXBP5L (Synthetic Lethality), STXBP5L (Two-hybrid), STXBP5L (Two-hybrid), GPSM3 (Two-hybrid), STXBP5L (Affinity Capture-MS), STXBP5L (Affinity Capture-MS), ANXA6 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), STXBP5L (Affinity Capture-MS), SYVN1 (Affinity Capture-Western), Stxbp5l (Affinity Capture-MS), Dnaja1 (Affinity Capture-MS), Sncb (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2AC93, B2RY71, E7F6H7, E9PYY5, E9Q5M6, O14576, O43815, O55106, O88485, O88487, P27766, P36872, P70483, Q0III3, Q13409, Q13610, Q16959, Q16960, Q29RQ3, Q2HJ56, Q32KS2, Q32LP9, Q4QR00, Q4V8G4, Q5DQR4, Q5NVM2, Q5SQE2, Q5VTH9, Q5XIL8, Q5ZLK1, Q62871, Q63100, Q66HC9, Q6GPB9, Q8BPM2, Q8C0M8, Q8C0P5, Q8IVH8, Q8IWG1, Q92828

Diamond homologs: Q2YDL1, Q5DQR4, Q5SQE2, Q5T5C0, Q8K400, Q8NFX7, Q8R3T5, Q9WU70, Q9Y2K9, Q8R3S6, Q9NV70

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

177 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	147
Likely benign	12
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

5829 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
3:120909569:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:120909570:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:120909570:GT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:120909763:GCAAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
3:120909765:AAGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
3:120909766:AGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
3:120909767:GGTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
3:120909768:G:GA	donor_loss	1.0000
3:120954939:GACA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:121045429:TTCTA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
3:121045430:TCTA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
3:121045431:CTAG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
3:121045432:TAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
3:121045433:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:121045433:A:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
3:121045433:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:121045434:G:GC	acceptor_loss	1.0000
3:121045434:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:121045434:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:121045434:GGGT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:121045532:AACGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
3:121045533:ACGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
3:121045535:GGTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
3:121045536:GTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
3:121045537:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
3:121114924:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:121114924:GAATT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:121115055:GAACT:G	donor_gain	1.0000
3:121115058:CT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
3:121115060:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

7638 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
3:120955012:G:T	G88W	1.000
3:121045445:T:A	V127D	1.000
3:121045447:A:C	S128R	1.000
3:121045449:T:A	S128R	1.000
3:121045449:T:G	S128R	1.000
3:121045469:T:C	L135P	1.000
3:121045477:T:A	W138R	1.000
3:121045477:T:C	W138R	1.000
3:121045517:T:C	L151P	1.000
3:121114959:T:A	W169R	1.000
3:121114959:T:C	W169R	1.000
3:121114963:T:C	L170P	1.000
3:121114969:T:A	V172D	1.000
3:121114971:G:A	G173R	1.000
3:121114971:G:C	G173R	1.000
3:121114972:G:A	G173E	1.000
3:121114983:G:A	G177R	1.000
3:121114983:G:C	G177R	1.000
3:121114984:G:A	G177E	1.000
3:121114984:G:T	G177V	1.000
3:121115040:T:A	W196R	1.000
3:121115040:T:C	W196R	1.000
3:121115041:G:C	W196S	1.000
3:121115042:G:C	W196C	1.000
3:121115042:G:T	W196C	1.000
3:121121667:T:A	V211D	1.000
3:121152478:T:C	L224P	1.000
3:121152487:G:A	G227D	1.000
3:121152499:G:T	G231V	1.000
3:121152513:T:A	W236R	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000000198 (3:121311494 G>A,C), RS1000000604 (3:121083246 A>C,G), RS1000003965 (3:121224972 C>T), RS1000007809 (3:121003613 A>G,T), RS1000007839 (3:121112475 T>C), RS1000010975 (3:121155730 A>G,T), RS1000018756 (3:121401763 AGGGATAGCATT>A), RS1000019098 (3:121078645 T>C), RS1000025231 (3:121187170 G>A), RS1000030878 (3:121351473 C>T), RS1000037641 (3:121323016 C>A), RS1000037953 (3:121189653 C>A,T), RS1000038189 (3:121051847 T>A,G), RS1000038478 (3:121018456 G>A,T), RS1000042023 (3:121156080 C>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:609381 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

9 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001767_1	Aging (facial)	2.000000e-08
GCST001767_2	Aging (facial)	6.000000e-09
GCST001767_3	Aging (facial)	4.000000e-09
GCST001767_4	Aging (facial)	1.000000e-09
GCST002366_11	Response to anti-retroviral therapy (ddI/d4T) in HIV-1 infection (Grade 1 peripheral neuropathy)	5.000000e-06
GCST006248_4	Response to lurasidone in schizophrenia	2.000000e-07
GCST006248_5	Response to lurasidone in schizophrenia	3.000000e-07
GCST009191_11	Paracentral lobule volume	3.000000e-06
GCST010396_268	Gut microbiota (bacterial taxa, hurdle binary method)	3.000000e-07

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0022597	aging
EFO:0000180	HIV-1 infection
EFO:0007874	gut microbiome measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

21 total (human), top 21 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects expression, affects cotreatment, increases expression	6
Aflatoxin B1	decreases methylation, increases methylation	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
FR900359	affects phosphorylation	1
testosterone undecanoate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
coumarin	decreases phosphorylation	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
quinocetone	increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
bisphenol S	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Vorinostat	increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases methylation	1
Dexamethasone	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Indomethacin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	1
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Levonorgestrel	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Okadaic Acid	decreases expression	1
Magnetite Nanoparticles	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.