STYXL1

gene
On this page

Also known as MK-STYX

Summary

STYXL1 (serine/threonine/tyrosine interacting like 1, HGNC:18165) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 7q11.23, encoding Serine/threonine/tyrosine-interacting-like protein 1 (Q9Y6J8). Catalytically inactive phosphatase.

Enables protein phosphatase binding activity and pseudophosphatase activity. Involved in negative regulation of stress granule assembly; positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; and positive regulation of neuron projection development. Located in mitochondrion.

Source: NCBI Gene 51657 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 4
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 79 total — 1 likely-pathogenic
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_001317785

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:18165
Approved symbolSTYXL1
Nameserine/threonine/tyrosine interacting like 1
Location7q11.23
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesMK-STYX
Ensembl geneENSG00000127952
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM616695
Entrez51657

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 35 — 31 protein_coding, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000248600, ENST00000340062, ENST00000359697, ENST00000360591, ENST00000430497, ENST00000431581, ENST00000438695, ENST00000451157, ENST00000454618, ENST00000460184, ENST00000474328, ENST00000884112, ENST00000884113, ENST00000884114, ENST00000884115, ENST00000884116, ENST00000884117, ENST00000884118, ENST00000884119, ENST00000884120, ENST00000884121, ENST00000884122, ENST00000884123, ENST00000884124, ENST00000884125, ENST00000884126, ENST00000929929, ENST00000929930, ENST00000929931, ENST00000929932, ENST00000929933, ENST00000929934, ENST00000971319, ENST00000971320, ENST00000971321

RefSeq mRNA: 6 — MANE Select: NM_001317785 NM_001317785, NM_001317786, NM_001317787, NM_001317788, NM_001317789, NM_016086

CCDS: CCDS5580, CCDS83193

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000359697 — 9 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000011466017601374276013887
ENSE000015199197599634275996599
ENSE000015199207603042176030527
ENSE000015199237604766276048000
ENSE000035379497600525976005404
ENSE000035718347602185176021992
ENSE000035747947602864276028703
ENSE000036068467600375876003855
ENSE000036418847600089076001002

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 269 present calls, max score 96.09.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 16.0368 / max 67.7322, expressed in 1812 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
8439514.87371811
843941.1630751

Top tissues by expression

282 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
right uterine tubeUBERON:000130296.09gold quality
lower esophagus mucosaUBERON:003583495.17gold quality
mucosa of transverse colonUBERON:000499194.96gold quality
islet of LangerhansUBERON:000000694.52gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009494.29gold quality
monocyteCL:000057694.00gold quality
leukocyteCL:000073893.40gold quality
mononuclear cellCL:000084293.37gold quality
body of pancreasUBERON:000115093.21gold quality
rectumUBERON:000105292.83gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosaUBERON:000538692.80gold quality
pancreasUBERON:000126492.63gold quality
nasal cavity epitheliumUBERON:000538492.44gold quality
epithelium of bronchusUBERON:000203192.00gold quality
right testisUBERON:000453492.00gold quality
left testisUBERON:000453391.95gold quality
bronchusUBERON:000218591.89gold quality
right adrenal glandUBERON:000123391.77gold quality
bronchial epithelial cellCL:000232891.72gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cordUBERON:000646991.58gold quality
esophagus mucosaUBERON:000246991.43gold quality
nucleus accumbensUBERON:000188291.37gold quality
testisUBERON:000047390.92gold quality
right adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582790.90gold quality
spinal cordUBERON:000224090.88gold quality
male germ cellCL:000001590.69gold quality
spermCL:000001990.69gold quality
smooth muscle tissueUBERON:000113590.69gold quality
putamenUBERON:000187490.53gold quality
ventricular zoneUBERON:000305390.49gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3no0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): EWSR1, FLI1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

5 targeting STYXL1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4692100.0067.322066
HSA-MIR-451499.9967.101870
HSA-MIR-2467-5P97.3667.71991
HSA-MIR-367294.4665.67646
HSA-MIR-6864-3P94.4665.97625

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 11)

  • Results illustrated a role for MK-STYX in regulating the ability of G3BP1 to integrate changes in growth-factor stimulation and environmental stress with the regulation of protein synthesis. (PMID:20180778)
  • MK-STYX regulates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization using a distinct mechanism. (PMID:21262771)
  • The pseudophosphatase MK-STYX plays a key role in the cellular response to stress. (PMID:23163895)
  • our data support a model in which MK-STYX controls apoptosis by negatively regulating PTPMT1. (PMID:24709986)
  • this study revealed STYXL1 as a novel candidate gene for moderate intellectual disability, seizures and behavioral complexities. (PMID:25724587)
  • We have detected this variant via whole exome sequencing in a homozygous state in two families. Segregation analyses in our families and thorough validation in international genetic databases provides evidence that this variant is most likely benign. This is important information for genetic counselling. The role of STYXL1 variants in human disease needs to be established (PMID:30472486)
  • These findings show that MK-STYX decreases the number of HDAC6-containing aggregates and alters their localization, sustains microtubule acetylation, and increases detyrosination of microtubules, implicating MK-STYX as a signaling molecule in HDAC6 activity. (PMID:30909412)
  • Silencing serine/threonine/tyrosine-interacting-like protein 1 (STYXL1) inhibited glioma cell growth, soft agar colony formation, migration, invasion, proliferation, and xenograft tumor growth [Review]. (PMID:31146910)
  • STYXL1 promotes malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via downregulating CELF2 through the PI3K/Akt pathway. (PMID:32271415)
  • Pseudophosphatase STYXL1 depletion enhances glucocerebrosidase trafficking to lysosomes via ER stress. (PMID:37198709)
  • The DUSP domain of pseudophosphatase MK-STYX interacts with G3BP1 to decrease stress granules. (PMID:37516290)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
mus_musculusStyxl1ENSMUSG00000019178
rattus_norvegicusStyxl1ENSRNOG00000023366

Paralogs (31): DUSP13B (ENSG00000079393), DUSP12 (ENSG00000081721), SSH1 (ENSG00000084112), DUSP3 (ENSG00000108861), PTPMT1 (ENSG00000110536), DUSP16 (ENSG00000111266), EPM2A (ENSG00000112425), DUSP22 (ENSG00000112679), DUSP1 (ENSG00000120129), DUSP4 (ENSG00000120875), DUSP9 (ENSG00000130829), DUSP26 (ENSG00000133878), DUSP5 (ENSG00000138166), DUSP6 (ENSG00000139318), SSH2 (ENSG00000141298), DUSP10 (ENSG00000143507), DUSP15 (ENSG00000149599), DUSP2 (ENSG00000158050), KASH5 (ENSG00000161609), DUSP19 (ENSG00000162999), DUSP7 (ENSG00000164086), DUSP18 (ENSG00000167065), SSH3 (ENSG00000172830), DUSP8 (ENSG00000184545), DUSP28 (ENSG00000188542), DUSP29 (ENSG00000188716), DUSP21 (ENSG00000189037), STYX (ENSG00000198252), STYXL2 (ENSG00000198842), DUSP14 (ENSG00000276023), DUSP13A (ENSG00000293543)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Serine/threonine/tyrosine-interacting-like protein 1Q9Y6J8 (reviewed: Q9Y6J8)

Alternative names: Dual specificity phosphatase inhibitor MK-STYX, Dual specificity protein phosphatase 24, Inactive dual specificity protein phosphatase MK-STYX, Map kinase phosphatase-like protein MK-STYX

All UniProt accessions (5): Q9Y6J8, A0A0C4DG63, C9J4H0, H0Y6C4, H7C1Y2

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Catalytically inactive phosphatase. By binding to G3BP1, inhibits the formation of G3BP1-induced stress granules. Does not act by protecting the dephosphorylation of G3BP1 at ‘Ser-149’. Inhibits PTPMT1 phosphatase activity. By inhibiting PTPMT1, positively regulates intrinsic apoptosis. May play a role in the formation of neurites during neuronal development.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with G3BP1. Interacts with PTPMT1; the interaction inhibits PTPMT1 catalytic activity.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion matrix.

Similarity. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class subfamily.

Isoforms (5)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q9Y6J8-11yes
Q9Y6J8-22
Q9Y6J8-33
Q9Y6J8-44
Q9Y6J8-55

RefSeq proteins (6): NP_001304714, NP_001304715, NP_001304716, NP_001304717, NP_001304718, NP_057170 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR000340Dual-sp_phosphatase_cat-domDomain
IPR001763Rhodanese-like_domDomain
IPR020422TYR_PHOSPHATASE_DUAL_domDomain
IPR029021Prot-tyrosine_phosphatase-likeHomologous_superfamily
IPR036873Rhodanese-like_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR053272STY_interacting-likeFamily

Pfam: PF00581, PF00782

UniProt features (10 total): splice variant 6, domain 2, chain 1, mutagenesis site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q9Y6J8-F190.710.79

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (1):

PositionPhenotype
245–246confers phosphatase activity. dephosphorylates g3bp1 at ‘ser-149’. loss of interaction with g3bp1. reduces arsenite-indu

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 121 (showing top): GOBP_NEUROGENESIS, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_COMPONENT_BIOGENESIS, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_ORGANELLE_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_COMPONENT_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_PROJECTION_ORGANIZATION, KESHELAVA_MULTIPLE_DRUG_RESISTANCE, GOBP_APOPTOTIC_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_ORGANELLE_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_INTRINSIC_APOPTOTIC_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_INTRACELLULAR_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, FONTAINE_PAPILLARY_THYROID_CARCINOMA_DN, DOUGLAS_BMI1_TARGETS_DN, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_NEURON_PROJECTION_DEVELOPMENT, chr7q11, GOBP_CELL_PROJECTION_ORGANIZATION

GO Biological Process (7): positive regulation of neuron projection development (GO:0010976), intracellular signal transduction (GO:0035556), negative regulation of stress granule assembly (GO:0062030), regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:2001242), positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:2001244), protein dephosphorylation (GO:0006470), dephosphorylation (GO:0016311)

GO Molecular Function (4): pseudophosphatase activity (GO:0001691), phosphatase inhibitor activity (GO:0019212), protein phosphatase binding (GO:0019903), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (2): mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial matrix (GO:0005759)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway2
regulation of neuron projection development1
neuron projection development1
positive regulation of cell projection organization1
intracellular anatomical structure1
signal transduction1
stress granule assembly1
regulation of stress granule assembly1
negative regulation of organelle assembly1
regulation of intracellular signal transduction1
regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway1
positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction1
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway1
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway1
dephosphorylation1
protein modification process1
phosphate-containing compound metabolic process1
phosphatase inhibitor activity1
enzyme inhibitor activity1
phosphatase activity1
phosphatase regulator activity1
phosphatase binding1
binding1
cytoplasm1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
mitochondrion1
intracellular organelle lumen1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1108 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
STYXL1G3BP1Q13283646
STYXL1NUDT11Q96G61646
STYXL1UHMK1Q8TAS1553
STYXL1PRKCHP24723520
STYXL1NXF3Q9H4D5477
STYXL1TRIM39Q9HCM9450
STYXL1LANCL1O43813442
STYXL1FLAD1Q8NFF5433
STYXL1ATXN1P54253403
STYXL1TTLL9Q3SXZ7394
STYXL1VMO1Q7Z5L0390
STYXL1PTSQ03393389
STYXL1TMEM120AQ9BXJ8367
STYXL1NFATC2IPQ8NCF5365
STYXL1POMCP01189364

IntAct

12 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
STYXL1ARMC8psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
STYXL1NEBpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
STYXL1Tcr-alphapsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
STYXL1DDOSTpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
STYXL1PSPHpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
STYXL1RPS29psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
STYXL1SRPRBpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
STYXL1SMC1Apsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
STYXL1TLE5psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
STYXL1ATXN10psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
STYXL1EHD4psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
TRIM54STYXL1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000

BioGRID (44): ACTA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), MYO1B (Affinity Capture-MS), MYO1C (Affinity Capture-MS), SPTAN1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SPTBN1 (Affinity Capture-MS), VIM (Affinity Capture-MS), STYXL1 (Affinity Capture-RNA), AES (Affinity Capture-MS), SMC1A (Affinity Capture-MS), RPS29 (Affinity Capture-MS), ATXN10 (Affinity Capture-MS), EHD4 (Affinity Capture-MS), PSPH (Affinity Capture-MS), ATXN1 (Affinity Capture-Western), STYXL1 (Affinity Capture-RNA)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2VE14, A5D9H7, B2GV54, B9EKX1, D0RB01, F1M625, F1NBL0, O35684, O54760, O54761, O60242, O60656, O75317, P13591, P31836, P35237, P35290, P62068, P62069, P69849, Q3UQ28, Q3ZCW2, Q4R3G2, Q5JPE7, Q5NVN7, Q5R5K6, Q5R899, Q5RBQ4, Q5RKN4, Q5T4D3, Q5VU57, Q5ZHQ2, Q5ZIN0, Q6ZW05, Q80ZF8, Q8BLF1, Q8BUV3, Q90935, Q90W79, Q969Q5

Diamond homologs: A4IHU7, B4F7B7, O09112, O13453, O54838, O55737, O95147, P0C591, P0C593, P0C594, P0C595, P0C596, P0C598, P0C599, P0C5A0, P28562, P28563, P38148, P38590, P40479, P43078, Q02256, Q0IID7, Q13202, Q16828, Q16829, Q17QJ3, Q17QM8, Q1LWL2, Q2KJ36, Q39491, Q4G0W2, Q4RQD3, Q4V7N3, Q54R42, Q54T76, Q55CS7, Q55E39, Q566R7, Q5APU2

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

79 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic1
Uncertain significance54
Likely benign6
Benign2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant IDHGVSClassification
563386GRCh37/hg19 7q11.23(chr7:75082354-76007380)x1Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

1713 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
7:76003753:CTTA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
7:76003756:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
7:76003756:A:ATdonor_loss1.0000
7:76003757:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
7:76003851:CAAAA:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
7:76003853:AAA:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
7:76003854:AA:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
7:76003856:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
7:76005253:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
7:76005254:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
7:76005254:CT:Cdonor_loss1.0000
7:76005255:TT:Tdonor_loss1.0000
7:76005257:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
7:76005257:A:Cdonor_loss1.0000
7:76005258:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
7:76005258:CA:Cdonor_gain1.0000
7:76005258:CAA:Cdonor_gain1.0000
7:76005258:CAAG:Cdonor_gain1.0000
7:76005258:CAAGG:Cdonor_gain1.0000
7:76005410:G:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
7:76005410:G:GCacceptor_gain1.0000
7:76005412:G:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
7:76021988:TTTTT:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
7:76021994:T:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
7:76021994:T:TCacceptor_gain1.0000
7:76028700:ACATC:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
7:76028701:CAT:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
7:76028702:ATCT:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
7:76028703:TCTGG:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
7:76028704:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

2088 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
7:75996524:A:GW296R0.988
7:75996524:A:TW296R0.988
7:76013793:G:CF134L0.988
7:76013793:G:TF134L0.988
7:76013794:A:GF134S0.988
7:76013795:A:GF134L0.988
7:76005286:A:TV191D0.987
7:76028658:G:TA50D0.986
7:76030421:C:GD35H0.986
7:75996520:T:AE297V0.985
7:76000941:A:CS253R0.985
7:76000941:A:TS253R0.985
7:76000943:T:GS253R0.985
7:76000972:A:GL243P0.983
7:76028698:G:TR37S0.983
7:75996532:A:GL293P0.981
7:76000965:A:CF245L0.980
7:76000965:A:TF245L0.980
7:76000967:A:GF245L0.980
7:76013775:A:CF140L0.980
7:76013775:A:TF140L0.980
7:76013777:A:GF140L0.980
7:76030473:A:CN17K0.980
7:76030473:A:TN17K0.980
7:76005293:C:GA189P0.979
7:76005332:C:GA176P0.979
7:76005379:G:TP160H0.979
7:76013824:A:TV124D0.979
7:76021931:A:TV76E0.979
7:76000964:A:GS246P0.978

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000119984 (7:76011403 A>G), RS1000499765 (7:76026852 G>A), RS1000516748 (7:76011237 T>G), RS1000639110 (7:76021232 C>A), RS1000759506 (7:76022432 G>A), RS1000836996 (7:76000150 G>A), RS1000942139 (7:76005913 G>A), RS1000946302 (7:76044974 C>A,T), RS1001030789 (7:76032657 G>A), RS1001058500 (7:76032956 C>T), RS1001100493 (7:76038557 C>A,G), RS1001236963 (7:76000006 G>C), RS1001363947 (7:76023691 C>T), RS1001567479 (7:76008477 C>G), RS1001661820 (7:76047611 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:616695 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

4 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST004599_52Mean platelet volume1.000000e-14
GCST011124_4Caffeine consumption from tea7.000000e-22
GCST011126_17Caffeine consumption from coffee or tea4.000000e-56
GCST90002381_238Eosinophil count2.000000e-12

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0010091tea consumption measurement
EFO:0006781coffee consumption measurement
EFO:0004842eosinophil count

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

33 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Acidaffects expression, decreases expression, increases expression4
Tunicamycinincreases expression2
aristolochic acid Iincreases expression1
GSK-J4decreases expression1
daidzeinaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
daidzinaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
beta-lapachonedecreases expression1
arseniteaffects binding, increases reaction1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphateincreases expression1
sodium arseniteincreases expression1
butyraldehydeincreases expression1
genistinaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
beta-methylcholineaffects expression1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
glyciteindecreases expression, affects cotreatment1
2-palmitoylglycerolincreases expression1
glycitinaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
abrineincreases expression1
Air Pollutantsincreases abundance, increases expression1
Cadmiumincreases abundance, increases expression1
Camptothecindecreases response to substance1
Methotrexatedecreases expression1
Seleniumincreases expression1
Tretinoinincreases expression1
Urethanedecreases expression1
Vitamin Eincreases expression1
Cyclosporineincreases expression1
Cadmium Chlorideincreases abundance, increases expression1
Copper Sulfatedecreases expression1

Cellosaurus cell lines

2 cell lines: 1 transformed cell line, 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_D9TIUbigene HEK293 STYXL1 KOTransformed cell lineFemale
CVCL_E0QDUbigene HeLa STYXL1 KOCancer cell lineFemale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.