SYCP2

Summary

SYCP2 (synaptonemal complex protein 2, HGNC:11490) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 20q13.33, encoding Synaptonemal complex protein 2 (Q9BX26). Major component of the axial/lateral elements of synaptonemal complexes (SCS) during meiotic prophase.

The synaptonemal complex is a proteinaceous structure that links homologous chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis. The protein encoded by this gene is a major component of the synaptonemal complex and may bind DNA at scaffold attachment regions. The encoded protein requires synaptonemal complex protein 3, but not 1, for inclusion in the synaptonemal complex.

Source: NCBI Gene 10388 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): spermatogenic failure 1 (Strong, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 239 total — 3 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 22
• MANE Select transcript: NM_014258

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:11490
Approved symbol	SYCP2
Name	synaptonemal complex protein 2
Location	20q13.33
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	SCP2
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000196074
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	604105
Entrez	10388

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 9 — 5 protein_coding, 3 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000357552, ENST00000371001, ENST00000412613, ENST00000425931, ENST00000446834, ENST00000461538, ENST00000471331, ENST00000474749, ENST00000476314

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_014258 NM_014258

CCDS: CCDS13482

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000357552 — 45 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000907068	59865388	59865444
ENSE00000907069	59865573	59865651
ENSE00000907070	59865807	59865865
ENSE00000907071	59866293	59866392
ENSE00000907072	59866495	59866589
ENSE00000907073	59867711	59867847
ENSE00000907074	59868413	59868568
ENSE00000907075	59868835	59868925
ENSE00001366498	59863571	59864388
ENSE00001380750	59932062	59932154
ENSE00001601567	59900138	59900284
ENSE00001617081	59919158	59919182
ENSE00001618540	59911750	59911845
ENSE00001641279	59893524	59893593
ENSE00001644530	59877385	59877555
ENSE00001649143	59893142	59893199
ENSE00001653287	59891990	59892426
ENSE00001656633	59873856	59874061
ENSE00001658340	59869798	59869983
ENSE00001668824	59875271	59875469
ENSE00001679488	59896429	59896528
ENSE00001705820	59915465	59915550
ENSE00001715853	59880303	59880471
ENSE00001719582	59892568	59892701
ENSE00001730062	59886707	59886834
ENSE00001739252	59895437	59895597
ENSE00001739719	59916486	59916571
ENSE00001746369	59921310	59921453
ENSE00001758808	59900744	59900818
ENSE00001759550	59878008	59878045
ENSE00002175541	59919493	59919597
ENSE00002307233	59922390	59922459
ENSE00003477730	59881945	59882002
ENSE00003479966	59907364	59907424
ENSE00003486785	59882095	59882165
ENSE00003490825	59901662	59901810
ENSE00003502598	59913975	59914027
ENSE00003525999	59920359	59920487
ENSE00003531952	59915165	59915199
ENSE00003533505	59914109	59914251
ENSE00003543899	59912373	59912418
ENSE00003563454	59885928	59885964
ENSE00003579797	59881437	59881492
ENSE00003663459	59880966	59881023
ENSE00003844795	59933569	59933637

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 192 present calls, max score 92.98.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 1.9687 / max 121.4091, expressed in 416 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (6 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
188220	0.7740	293
188221	0.5464	270
188218	0.3072	48
188219	0.1392	75
188217	0.1126	58
188222	0.0892	41

Top tissues by expression

286 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	92.98	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	92.28	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	92.27	gold quality
endometrium epithelium	UBERON:0004811	91.45	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	90.89	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	90.58	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	89.88	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	89.39	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	86.72	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	85.90	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	85.35	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	81.29	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	79.57	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	78.63	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	77.39	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	77.21	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	75.80	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	75.68	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	75.50	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	75.41	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	75.04	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	74.71	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	74.17	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	74.17	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	74.16	silver quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	73.67	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	73.53	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	73.21	silver quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	73.20	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	73.20	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-7249	yes	447.36
E-ANND-3	yes	7.66

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

59 targeting SYCP2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-548N	99.98	71.94	4170
HSA-LET-7F-2-3P	99.98	70.98	2588
HSA-MIR-1185-1-3P	99.98	71.04	2593
HSA-MIR-1185-2-3P	99.98	71.04	2593
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-4803	99.98	71.99	3117
HSA-MIR-302C-5P	99.97	72.56	3642
HSA-MIR-9-3P	99.96	70.88	2068
HSA-MIR-3143	99.93	71.96	3104
HSA-MIR-515-5P	99.92	69.82	2343
HSA-MIR-519E-5P	99.92	69.62	2358
HSA-MIR-10523-5P	99.91	69.22	2038
HSA-MIR-1297	99.91	73.41	3162
HSA-MIR-10527-5P	99.91	72.28	3754
HSA-MIR-4753-3P	99.90	71.03	3786
HSA-MIR-153-5P	99.89	73.86	6317
HSA-MIR-548E-5P	99.89	72.73	4486
HSA-MIR-380-3P	99.89	70.18	1978
HSA-MIR-3919	99.87	69.45	2489
HSA-MIR-369-3P	99.85	70.52	2264
HSA-MIR-577	99.78	69.13	2479
HSA-MIR-26A-5P	99.78	73.52	2303
HSA-MIR-26B-5P	99.78	73.51	2305
HSA-MIR-4465	99.71	72.56	2096
HSA-MIR-4729	99.69	72.18	4233
HSA-MIR-6892-3P	99.68	66.40	1178
HSA-MIR-10393-5P	99.65	68.01	1368
HSA-MIR-451B	99.55	68.28	1380

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 3)

• SYCP2 may contribute to genetic instability during HPV-associated cancer development (PMID:26334652)
• SYCP2 Translocation-Mediated Dysregulation and Frameshift Variants Cause Human Male Infertility. (PMID:31866047)
• Novel Loss-of-Function SYCP2 Variants in Infertile Males Upgrade the Gene-Disease Clinical Validity Classification for SYCP2 and Male Infertility to Strong. (PMID:39202451)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	sycp2	ENSDARG00000088950
mus_musculus	Sycp2	ENSMUSG00000060445
rattus_norvegicus	Sycp2	ENSRNOG00000061690

Paralogs (1): SYCP2L (ENSG00000153157)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Synaptonemal complex protein 2 — Q9BX26 (reviewed: Q9BX26)

Alternative names: Synaptonemal complex lateral element protein

All UniProt accessions (4): A2A2M9, A2A340, A2A341, Q9BX26

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Major component of the axial/lateral elements of synaptonemal complexes (SCS) during meiotic prophase. Plays a role in the assembly of synaptonemal complexes. Required for normal meiotic chromosome synapsis during oocyte and spermatocyte development and for normal male and female fertility. Required for insertion of SYCP3 into synaptonemal complexes. May be involved in the organization of chromatin by temporarily binding to DNA scaffold attachment regions. Requires SYCP3, but not SYCP1, in order to be incorporated into the axial/lateral elements.

Subunit / interactions. Component of the lateral elements of synaptonemal complexes. Heterodimer with SYCP3. Interacts with SMC1A and SMC3. Interacts with TEX11.

Subcellular location. Nucleus. Chromosome.

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylated.

Disease relevance. Spermatogenic failure 1 (SPGF1) [MIM:258150] An infertility disorder characterized by azoospermia due to spermatogenic arrest during meiosis. Meiotic arrest is characterized by germ cells that enter meiosis and undergo the first chromosomal reduction from 4n to 2n, but that are then unable to proceed further. This results in tubules containing spermatocytes as the latest developmental stage of germ cells. Meiotically arrested spermatocytes accumulate in the tubules and degenerate. Both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant inheritance have been reported. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity. Belongs to the SYCP2 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_055073* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR024835	SYCP2-like	Family
IPR040560	SYCP2_SLD	Domain
IPR041322	SYCP2_ARLD	Domain

Pfam: PF18581, PF18584

UniProt features (48 total): modified residue 24, compositionally biased region 7, region of interest 6, sequence conflict 6, sequence variant 4, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9BX26-F1	54.36	0.25

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (24): 457, 465, 471, 494, 519, 529, 538, 619, 660, 664, 936, 938, 1136, 1138, 1145, 1161, 1177, 1189, 1204, 1234 …

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1221632	Meiotic synapsis
R-HSA-1474165	Reproduction
R-HSA-1500620	Meiosis
R-HSA-1640170	Cell Cycle

MSigDB gene sets: 574 (showing top): GSE45365_CD8A_DC_VS_CD11B_DC_IFNAR_KO_MCMV_INFECTION_UP, GOBP_MEIOTIC_CHROMOSOME_SEGREGATION, GOBP_LIPID_MODIFICATION, GOBP_CHROMOSOME_ORGANIZATION, MODULE_52, GOBP_FATTY_ACID_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_PHOSPHOLIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, REACTOME_MEIOTIC_SYNAPSIS, GOBP_LIPOPROTEIN_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_MALE_GENITALIA_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_INOSITOL_PHOSPHATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_POLYOL_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_C21_STEROID_HORMONE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_GROWTH, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_HORMONE_LEVELS

GO Biological Process (13): apoptotic process (GO:0006915), synaptonemal complex assembly (GO:0007130), male meiotic nuclear division (GO:0007140), female meiotic nuclear division (GO:0007143), fertilization (GO:0009566), ectopic germ cell programmed cell death (GO:0035234), negative regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043066), male genitalia morphogenesis (GO:0048808), negative regulation of developmental process (GO:0051093), cell division (GO:0051301), negative regulation of reproductive process (GO:2000242), animal organ morphogenesis (GO:0009887), meiotic cell cycle (GO:0051321)

GO Molecular Function (1): DNA binding (GO:0003677)

GO Cellular Component (5): condensed chromosome, centromeric region (GO:0000779), synaptonemal complex (GO:0000795), lateral element (GO:0000800), nucleus (GO:0005634), chromosome (GO:0005694)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Meiosis	1
Reproduction	1
Cell Cycle	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
meiotic nuclear division	3
reproductive process	3
meiotic cell cycle	2
sexual reproduction	2
negative regulation of biological process	2
programmed cell death	1
apoptotic signaling pathway	1
execution phase of apoptosis	1
homologous chromosome pairing at meiosis	1
cellular component assembly	1
chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle	1
synaptonemal complex organization	1
male gamete generation	1
female gamete generation	1
developmental process involved in reproduction	1
programmed cell death involved in cell development	1
apoptotic process	1
regulation of apoptotic process	1
negative regulation of programmed cell death	1
male genitalia development	1
genitalia morphogenesis	1
male anatomical structure morphogenesis	1
developmental process	1
regulation of developmental process	1
cellular process	1
regulation of reproductive process	1
anatomical structure morphogenesis	1
animal organ development	1
cell cycle	1
nucleic acid binding	1
chromosome, centromeric region	1
condensed chromosome	1
synaptonemal structure	1
synaptonemal complex	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

790 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
SYCP2	SYCP3	Q8IZU3	989
SYCP2	SYCP1	Q15431	983
SYCP2	TEX11	Q8IYF3	961
SYCP2	ADARB1	P78555	862
SYCP2	SYCE2	Q6PIF2	817
SYCP2	SYCE1	Q8N0S2	810
SYCP2	TEX12	Q9BXU0	809
SYCP2	SYCE3	A1L190	796
SYCP2	HORMAD1	Q86X24	754
SYCP2	STAG3	Q9UJ98	716
SYCP2	HORMAD2	Q8N7B1	689
SYCP2	RAD21L1	Q9H4I0	612
SYCP2	REC8	O95072	598
SYCP2	SPO11	Q9Y5K1	584
SYCP2	SMC1B	Q8NDV3	583

IntAct

4 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
PAK4	SNRPE	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
	MPO	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SYCP2	ligA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (9): SYCP2 (Biochemical Activity), HORMAD2 (Two-hybrid), HORMAD2 (Reconstituted Complex), SYCP3 (Two-hybrid), SYCP2 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), SYCP2 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), SYCP2 (Proximity Label-MS), SYCP2 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), SYCP2 (Affinity Capture-RNA)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0M3U1B0, A0A1L8EYB2, A0JMF7, A1L2Y1, A2ALV5, A9JRX0, B2GUZ2, D3ZSP7, F1QB81, O35892, O70608, O75113, P23497, P70347, Q0P5X5, Q13129, Q16533, Q2T9I9, Q3U1D0, Q5CZC0, Q5H9M0, Q5REF4, Q5RHB5, Q5SW75, Q5T4T6, Q5T5J6, Q5XG69, Q5ZLE9, Q60664, Q63HN8, Q7M6U3, Q7Z4H7, Q80VH0, Q8BVK9, Q8C263, Q8CCC3, Q8NA03, Q90WN7, Q92844, Q96QP1

Diamond homologs: A0A0M3U1B0, O70608, Q5T4T6, Q90WN7, Q9BX26, Q9CUU3

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
SYCP2	“form complex”	Synaptonemal_complex	binding

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

239 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	3
Uncertain significance	176
Likely benign	18
Benign	9

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (3)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
2690968	NM_014258.4(SYCP2):c.600-1G>A	Likely pathogenic
3065112	NM_014258.4(SYCP2):c.513+1G>T	Likely pathogenic
3256632	NM_014258.4(SYCP2):c.1593_1594del (p.Asn531fs)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

6723 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
20:59865382:ACTT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
20:59865383:CTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
20:59865384:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
20:59865385:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
20:59865386:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
20:59865386:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
20:59865386:ACCAT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
20:59865387:C:CA	donor_gain	1.0000
20:59865387:C:G	donor_loss	1.0000
20:59865387:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
20:59865387:CCA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
20:59865387:CCAT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
20:59865387:CCATG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
20:59865440:CACAT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:59865441:ACAT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:59865442:CAT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:59865442:CATC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:59865443:AT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:59865443:ATCT:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
20:59865444:TCTG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
20:59865445:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:59865445:C:CG	acceptor_loss	1.0000
20:59865447:G:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:59865455:G:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
20:59866296:AAATT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
20:59866298:ATT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
20:59866300:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
20:59866497:AGAGT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
20:59867709:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
20:59867710:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

10266 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
20:59914171:A:G	W239R	0.996
20:59914171:A:T	W239R	0.996
20:59911809:A:G	W305R	0.993
20:59911809:A:T	W305R	0.993
20:59914019:C:A	R262S	0.992
20:59914019:C:G	R262S	0.992
20:59914115:A:C	F257L	0.992
20:59914115:A:T	F257L	0.992
20:59914117:A:G	F257L	0.992
20:59901789:A:G	L352P	0.991
20:59912400:A:C	C283W	0.991
20:59912402:A:G	C283R	0.989
20:59914020:C:G	R262T	0.988
20:59914166:A:C	F240L	0.988
20:59914166:A:T	F240L	0.988
20:59914168:A:G	F240L	0.988
20:59914222:C:G	A222P	0.988
20:59907415:A:G	W328R	0.987
20:59907415:A:T	W328R	0.987
20:59921320:A:G	L53P	0.987
20:59911844:A:G	L293P	0.986
20:59912410:G:T	T280K	0.985
20:59914011:A:G	L265P	0.985
20:59914020:C:A	R262M	0.985
20:59914167:A:G	F240S	0.985
20:59914190:T:A	R232S	0.985
20:59914190:T:G	R232S	0.985
20:59911795:A:C	N309K	0.984
20:59911795:A:T	N309K	0.984
20:59911810:A:C	F304L	0.984

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000008150 (20:59880791 T>C), RS1000037253 (20:59888000 T>C), RS1000076332 (20:59874440 C>G,T), RS1000122898 (20:59890201 T>C), RS1000155372 (20:59890094 G>A), RS1000207664 (20:59923440 T>C), RS1000248144 (20:59933179 G>A), RS1000255316 (20:59896080 A>G), RS1000296092 (20:59933296 C>T), RS1000331630 (20:59885312 G>A), RS1000359834 (20:59868709 CTAGTT>C), RS1000362118 (20:59926110 T>G), RS1000375156 (20:59925811 T>C), RS1000416640 (20:59902337 A>C), RS1000518312 (20:59912969 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:604105 | disease phenotypes: MIM:258150

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
spermatogenic failure 1	Strong	Autosomal dominant

Mondo (2): prostate cancer (MONDO:0008315), spermatogenic failure 1 (MONDO:0009776)

Orphanet (2): Familial prostate cancer (Orphanet:1331), Male infertility with azoospermia or oligozoospermia due to single gene mutation (Orphanet:399805)

HPO phenotypes

22 total (22 of 22 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000006	Autosomal dominant inheritance
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000027	Azoospermia
HP:0000365	Hearing impairment
HP:0000473	Torticollis
HP:0000514	Slow saccadic eye movements
HP:0000798	Oligozoospermia
HP:0000815	Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
HP:0001332	Dystonia
HP:0002080	Intention tremor
HP:0002346	Head tremor
HP:0002352	Leukoencephalopathy
HP:0002495	Impaired vibratory sensation
HP:0003251	Male infertility
HP:0003431	Decreased motor nerve conduction velocity
HP:0003621	Juvenile onset
HP:0004409	Hyposmia
HP:0009830	Peripheral neuropathy
HP:0011462	Young adult onset
HP:0012692	Focal T2 hyperintense thalamic lesion
HP:0030974	Cryptozoospermia
HP:0034721	Elevated circulating pristanic acid concentration

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST005851_8	Delirium	5.000000e-07

MeSH disease descriptors (2)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D011471	Prostatic Neoplasms	C04.588.945.440.770; C12.100.500.260.750; C12.100.500.565.625; C12.200.294.260.750; C12.200.294.565.625; C12.200.758.409.750; C12.900.619.750
C562902	Oligosynaptic Infertility (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

30 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Estradiol	decreases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
GSK-J4	decreases expression	1
Esketamine	increases expression	1
sotorasib	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA)	increases expression	1
lasiocarpine	decreases expression	1
cypermethrin	increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
potassium chromate(VI)	decreases expression	1
testosterone-3-carboxymethyloxime-bovine serum albumin conjugate	affects expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
clothianidin	decreases expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
trametinib	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
NVP-BKM120	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
4-(4-((5-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl)methylene)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid	increases expression	1
theaflavin-3,3’-digallate	affects expression	1
Glyphosate	increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases methylation	1
Curcumin	increases expression	1
Methylcholanthrene	affects binding, increases reaction, increases expression	1
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	increases expression	1
Thimerosal	increases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	1
Valproic Acid	increases methylation	1
Aflatoxin M1	decreases expression	1
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression	1
Particulate Matter	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00029224	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment With Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Breast Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, and Prostate Cancer With Cancer Related Bone Lesions
NCT00035997	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Trial on the Effect of I.V. Zoledronic Acid 4 mg on Bone Density in Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastasis
NCT00063609	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Loss in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy
NCT00103623	PHASE4	SUSPENDED	The Plenaxis® Experience Study
NCT00106392	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Safety and Efficacy Study of Prograf in the Prevention of Erectile Dysfunction After Radical Prostatectomy
NCT00185029	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	MR-Lymphography and Lymph Node Staging in Prostate Cancer
NCT00199485	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Angelica Sinensis for the Treatment of Hot Flashes in Men Undergoing LHRH Therapy for Prostate Cancer
NCT00219219	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Zoledronic Acid in the Prevention of Skeletal-related Events in Hormone Refractory and Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastases
NCT00219271	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect Of Zoledronic Acid On Circulating And Bone Marrow-Residing Prostate Cancer Cells In Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
NCT00237146	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate Zoledronic Acid on Quality of Life and Skeletal-related Events as Adjuvant Treatment in Patients With Hormone-naïve Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastasis Who Have Undergone Orchiectomy
NCT00242554	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Phase IV Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastases
NCT00280098	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Docetaxel in the Treatment of Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer
NCT00293696	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Casodex/Zoladex Biomarkers in Localised Prostate Cancer
NCT00334139	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Metabolism in Patients With Bone Metastasis and Prostate or Breast Cancer
NCT00375765	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects On Dihydrotestosterone Regulated Gene Expression In Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Or Prostate Cancer
NCT00391690	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Bone Markers as Diagnostic Tools for Early Detection of Bone Metastases in Patients With High Risk Prostate Cancer
NCT00422708	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Local Anesthesia for Prostate Biopsy
NCT00526331	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Arterial Pressure Based Cardiac Output for Goal-Directed Perioperative Therapy
NCT00590213	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Compare the Value of Prophylactic Versus Therapeutic Breast Radiotherapy in CASODEX
NCT00629330	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Dissemination of Prostate Cancer Screening to PCP’s in African American Communities
NCT00771966	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Radical Prostatectomy and Perioperative Fluid Therapy
NCT00805701	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study Assessing The Efficacy And Safety Of Avodart (Dutasteride) At Improving Urinary Symptoms In Men With Prostate Cancer Who Are Undergoing Seed Implantation
NCT00859027	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect Of Risedronate On Bone Mass In Older Men Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy For Prostate Cancer
NCT00906269	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Can Hyperbaric Oxygen Improve Erectile Function Following Surgery for Prostate Cancer
NCT00953277	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Nerve Reconstruction Using AVANCE in Subjects Who Undergo Robotic Assisted Prostatectomy for Treatment of Prostate Cancer
NCT00982800	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Does Postoperative Gabapentin Reduce Pain, Opioid Consumption and Anxiety and Have a Positive Effect on Health Related Quality of Life After Radical Prostatectomy?
NCT01083199	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Global Performance Evaluation of the AMS CONTINUUM™ Device
NCT01136226	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluate Recovery of Testosterone for Patients Using Eligard
NCT01161563	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Randomized Crossover Trial to Assess the Tolerability of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Analogue Administration
NCT01230905	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Monitor the Effects of Androgen Suppression Treatment on the Heart
NCT01296672	PHASE4	COMPLETED	3 Month Finasteride Challenge Test Can Significantly Improve the Performance of Screening for Prostate Cancer
NCT01365143	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Robotic Versus Open Radical Prostatectomy
NCT01379742	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Comparison of Between ThinSeed™ and OncoSeed™ for Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy
NCT01486563	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Hydroxyethyl Starch and Renal Function After Radical Prostatectomy
NCT01511874	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of ELIGARD 22.5mg With Prostate Cancer
NCT01512472	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Firmagon (Degarelix) Intermittent Therapy
NCT01547416	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Combined General/Epidural Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia on Diaphragmatic Function
NCT01571544	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Use of Thermal Suits as Preventing Hypothermia During Surgery
NCT01581749	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Evaluation of Truebeam for Low-Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer
NCT01649635	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Cabazitaxel Combined With Prednisone and Prophylaxis of Neutropenia Complications in the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer