SYNDIG1

Summary

SYNDIG1 (synapse differentiation inducing 1, HGNC:15885) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 20p11.21, encoding Synapse differentiation-inducing gene protein 1 (Q9H7V2). May regulate AMPA receptor content at nascent synapses, and have a role in postsynaptic development and maturation.

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the interferon-induced transmembrane family of proteins. A similar protein in rat is thought to regulate the development of excitatory synapses.

Source: NCBI Gene 79953 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): Tourette syndrome (No Known Disease Relationship, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 55 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_024893

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:15885
Approved symbol	SYNDIG1
Name	synapse differentiation inducing 1
Location	20p11.21
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ14220, IFITMD5, DSPC2
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000101463
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	614311
Entrez	79953

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 17 — 16 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000376862, ENST00000482637, ENST00000892834, ENST00000892835, ENST00000892836, ENST00000892837, ENST00000920527, ENST00000920528, ENST00000920529, ENST00000959354, ENST00000959355, ENST00000959356, ENST00000959357, ENST00000959358, ENST00000959359, ENST00000959360, ENST00000959361

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_024893 NM_001323606, NM_001323607, NM_024893

CCDS: CCDS13164

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000376862 — 4 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000660955	24584856	24584993
ENSE00001129091	24469629	24469753
ENSE00001471968	24665346	24666616
ENSE00001471984	24543020	24543577

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 206 present calls, max score 93.50.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 3.3229 / max 100.0524, expressed in 555 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (6 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
183899	1.8179	376
183897	0.7106	224
183895	0.3587	184
183898	0.2885	145
183900	0.0885	60
183896	0.0587	27

Top tissues by expression

284 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	93.50	gold quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	92.87	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	91.46	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	91.41	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	91.32	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	90.90	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	90.73	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	90.27	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	90.24	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	90.16	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	89.94	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	89.78	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	89.76	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	89.70	gold quality
cardiac atrium	UBERON:0002081	89.65	gold quality
orbitofrontal cortex	UBERON:0004167	89.48	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	89.43	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	89.34	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	89.30	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	89.29	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	89.23	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	89.04	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	88.38	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	88.29	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	88.25	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	87.79	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	87.77	gold quality
occipital lobe	UBERON:0002021	87.53	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	87.52	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	87.26	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-HCAD-25	yes	14.95
E-HCAD-35	yes	12.82
E-ANND-3	no	2.44

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

63 targeting SYNDIG1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4533	100.00	69.48	2758
HSA-MIR-3662	99.99	73.82	5684
HSA-MIR-5696	99.98	72.36	4487
HSA-MIR-363-3P	99.98	74.72	1821
HSA-MIR-103A-3P	99.98	69.14	1595
HSA-MIR-107	99.98	69.14	1595
HSA-MIR-32-5P	99.98	75.21	1964
HSA-MIR-92A-3P	99.98	75.21	1960
HSA-MIR-92B-3P	99.98	75.25	1955
HSA-MIR-128-3P	99.95	71.17	2484
HSA-MIR-216A-3P	99.95	71.19	2505
HSA-MIR-497-5P	99.92	71.83	2674
HSA-MIR-15A-5P	99.90	72.80	2787
HSA-MIR-15B-5P	99.90	72.78	2798
HSA-MIR-16-5P	99.90	72.80	2780
HSA-MIR-195-5P	99.90	72.81	2805
HSA-MIR-6838-5P	99.89	71.94	2690
HSA-MIR-424-5P	99.89	71.90	2641
HSA-MIR-3681-3P	99.88	70.46	2254
HSA-MIR-182-5P	99.87	74.03	2589
HSA-MIR-137-3P	99.87	74.74	2401
HSA-MIR-579-3P	99.86	71.66	3628
HSA-MIR-664B-3P	99.84	71.65	3590
HSA-MIR-6739-5P	99.80	67.87	2806
HSA-MIR-4679	99.76	69.19	1229
HSA-MIR-6764-5P	99.75	67.89	2304
HSA-MIR-6733-5P	99.74	67.94	2759
HSA-MIR-1179	99.71	68.70	1040
HSA-MIR-7157-5P	99.66	69.33	1829
HSA-MIR-3158-5P	99.65	67.51	1763

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
		ENSDARG00000100751
mus_musculus	Syndig1	ENSMUSG00000074736
rattus_norvegicus	Syndig1	ENSRNOG00000031536

Paralogs (3): TMEM91 (ENSG00000142046), SYNDIG1L (ENSG00000183379), PMIS2 (ENSG00000283758)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Synapse differentiation-inducing gene protein 1 — Q9H7V2 (reviewed: Q9H7V2)

Alternative names: Dispanin subfamily C member 2, Transmembrane protein 90B

All UniProt accessions (1): Q9H7V2

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May regulate AMPA receptor content at nascent synapses, and have a role in postsynaptic development and maturation.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer. Interacts with GRIA1 and GRIA2.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane. Early endosome membrane. Postsynaptic density membrane. Synapse. Cell projection. Dendrite. Dendritic spine.

Similarity. Belongs to the CD225/Dispanin family.

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001310535, NP_001310536, NP_079169* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR007593	CD225/Dispanin_fam	Family

Pfam: PF04505

UniProt features (8 total): topological domain 3, chain 1, transmembrane region 1, intramembrane region 1, modified residue 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9H7V2-F1	53.91	0.03

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 137

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 115 (showing top): GOBP_SYNAPTIC_VESICLE_LOCALIZATION, WALLACE_PROSTATE_CANCER_RACE_UP, GOBP_VESICLE_LOCALIZATION, GOBP_INTRACELLULAR_PROTEIN_TRANSPORT, TGCTGCT_MIR15A_MIR16_MIR15B_MIR195_MIR424_MIR497, GOBP_SYNAPSE_ASSEMBLY, ZHAN_MULTIPLE_MYELOMA_MF_UP, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_SYNAPSE_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_JUNCTION_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_VESICLE_MEDIATED_TRANSPORT, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_NERVOUS_SYSTEM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_COMPONENT_BIOGENESIS, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_NERVOUS_SYSTEM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_COMPONENT_BIOGENESIS, GOBP_CELL_JUNCTION_ORGANIZATION

GO Biological Process (4): intracellular protein transport (GO:0006886), positive regulation of synapse assembly (GO:0051965), synaptic vesicle clustering (GO:0097091), regulation of postsynapse assembly (GO:0150052)

GO Molecular Function (3): glutamate receptor binding (GO:0035254), protein homodimerization activity (GO:0042803), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (16): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), postsynaptic density (GO:0014069), synaptic vesicle membrane (GO:0030672), early endosome membrane (GO:0031901), dendritic spine (GO:0043197), dendritic shaft (GO:0043198), cell body (GO:0044297), excitatory synapse (GO:0060076), postsynaptic density membrane (GO:0098839), glutamatergic synapse (GO:0098978), endosome (GO:0005768), membrane (GO:0016020), dendrite (GO:0030425), cell projection (GO:0042995), synapse (GO:0045202), postsynaptic membrane (GO:0045211)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	4
regulation of synapse assembly	2
dendrite	2
postsynapse	2
synapse	2
intracellular protein localization	1
protein transport	1
intracellular transport	1
synapse assembly	1
positive regulation of nervous system development	1
positive regulation of cell junction assembly	1
synaptic vesicle localization	1
synaptic vesicle cycle	1
postsynapse assembly	1
regulation of postsynapse organization	1
signaling receptor binding	1
identical protein binding	1
protein dimerization activity	1
binding	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
asymmetric synapse	1
postsynaptic specialization	1
synaptic vesicle	1
exocytic vesicle membrane	1
early endosome	1
endosome membrane	1
neuron spine	1
postsynaptic density	1
postsynaptic membrane	1
postsynaptic specialization membrane	1
endomembrane system	1
cytoplasmic vesicle	1
neuron projection	1
dendritic tree	1
cell junction	1
synaptic membrane	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

936 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
SYNDIG1	GRIA1	P42261	748
SYNDIG1	SHISA9	B4DS77	705
SYNDIG1	CNIH2	Q6PI25	701
SYNDIG1	GSG1L	Q6UXU4	689
SYNDIG1	GRIA2	P42262	685
SYNDIG1	CNIH4	Q9P003	624
SYNDIG1	CNIH1	O95406	614
SYNDIG1	GSG1L2	A8MUP6	611
SYNDIG1	CNIH3	Q8TBE1	582
SYNDIG1	PRRT2	Q7Z6L0	565
SYNDIG1	TRARG1	Q8IXB3	554
SYNDIG1	GRIA4	P48058	541
SYNDIG1	TMEM233	B4DJY2	513
SYNDIG1	CACNG8	Q8WXS5	478
SYNDIG1	CACNG2	Q9Y698	464

IntAct

51 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
FATE1	SYNDIG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
SYNDIG1	FATE1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
MFSD6	SYNDIG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
UNC93B1	SYNDIG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SLC41A1	SYNDIG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SYNDIG1	GPRC5D	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MAL	SYNDIG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TMEM43	SYNDIG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
LEPROTL1	SYNDIG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SYNDIG1	SLC35C2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ELOVL4	SYNDIG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TLCD4	SYNDIG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
AQP6	SYNDIG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
FFAR2	SYNDIG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SLC16A13	SYNDIG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GPR42	SYNDIG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SYNDIG1	SCAMP2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
SYNDIG1	FATE1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
TMEM43	SYNDIG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
LEPROTL1	SYNDIG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
MFSD6	SYNDIG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
UNC93B1	SYNDIG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
SLC41A1	SYNDIG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
GPRC5D	SYNDIG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
MAL	SYNDIG1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (21): FATE1 (Two-hybrid), HADHB (Affinity Capture-MS), SYNDIG1 (Two-hybrid), SYNDIG1 (Two-hybrid), LEPROTL1 (Two-hybrid), UNC93B1 (Two-hybrid), GPRC5D (Two-hybrid), ELOVL4 (Two-hybrid), GPR42 (Two-hybrid), FFAR2 (Two-hybrid), SLC41A1 (Two-hybrid), FATE1 (Two-hybrid), MFSD6 (Two-hybrid), TMEM56 (Two-hybrid), TMEM43 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JMD2, A2ANU3, A7J1T0, A7J1T2, B0S6S9, D3ZJ47, F1M5M3, F1MJR8, M0R5D6, O14544, O43283, P57773, Q02223, Q06190, Q08DM6, Q14CH0, Q1HKZ5, Q1X8D7, Q2PFD7, Q3TEL6, Q3UVY1, Q4R532, Q58DZ9, Q5R8X7, Q5RA75, Q5RCM6, Q5RD34, Q5RJX2, Q5SW75, Q5TZE2, Q5VUB5, Q60610, Q6IRN6, Q6NRK3, Q6P995, Q6PUR7, Q76I76, Q86SP6, Q8BIA3, Q8BQU7

Diamond homologs: A2ANU3, A4IFJ1, A6NDD5, O35449, Q08DM6, Q3USQ7, Q4R532, Q58DZ9, Q5TZE2, Q6MG82, Q6ZNR0, Q8C581, Q99946, Q9H7V2, A0A1B0GWB2, Q6DFT4

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

55 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	45
Likely benign	3
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2551 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
20:24543490:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
20:24543490:G:T	donor_gain	1.0000
20:24543575:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
20:24543585:GA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
20:24584994:GTAA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
20:24519258:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9900
20:24519259:A:AA	donor_gain	0.9900
20:24543015:TCCAG:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
20:24543016:CCAG:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
20:24543017:CAGGA:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
20:24543018:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:24543019:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:24543019:GGA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:24543019:GGAGA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:24543557:G:GT	donor_gain	0.9900
20:24584840:T:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:24584850:TTGCA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
20:24584852:GCA:G	acceptor_loss	0.9900
20:24584853:CA:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
20:24584854:A:AC	acceptor_loss	0.9900
20:24584854:AGAGC:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:24584855:GA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:24584855:GAGC:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:24584855:GAGCG:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:24584991:GAG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
20:24665336:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:24665337:A:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:24665344:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:24665345:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
20:24469750:GGAG:G	donor_gain	0.9800

AlphaMissense

1707 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
20:24584955:T:A	W194R	1.000
20:24584955:T:C	W194R	1.000
20:24584946:T:C	C191R	0.999
20:24584949:T:C	C192R	0.999
20:24584964:G:C	G197R	0.999
20:24584965:G:A	G197D	0.999
20:24665436:G:A	G237R	0.999
20:24665436:G:C	G237R	0.999
20:24665437:G:A	G237E	0.999
20:24584928:A:C	S185R	0.998
20:24584930:T:A	S185R	0.998
20:24584930:T:G	S185R	0.998
20:24584959:C:G	P195R	0.998
20:24584974:C:A	A200D	0.998
20:24665436:G:T	G237W	0.998
20:24665442:G:C	G239R	0.998
20:24665443:G:A	G239D	0.998
20:24665454:G:C	G243R	0.998
20:24665455:G:A	G243D	0.998
20:24584932:T:A	V186D	0.997
20:24584950:G:A	C192Y	0.997
20:24584951:C:G	C192W	0.997
20:24584952:T:C	F193L	0.997
20:24584954:C:A	F193L	0.997
20:24584954:C:G	F193L	0.997
20:24584959:C:A	P195H	0.997
20:24665467:C:A	A247D	0.997
20:24665470:T:C	L248P	0.997
20:24584934:T:C	F187L	0.996
20:24584936:C:A	F187L	0.996

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000036657 (20:24532098 G>A,T), RS1000039001 (20:24652900 C>T), RS1000044473 (20:24595787 C>T), RS1000065719 (20:24572995 G>C), RS1000076817 (20:24532677 T>C), RS1000080551 (20:24659847 A>T), RS1000084216 (20:24491830 C>T), RS1000088331 (20:24491641 G>C), RS1000098765 (20:24557725 G>T), RS1000100667 (20:24636075 G>T), RS1000117324 (20:24512353 C>G,T), RS1000132869 (20:24612622 C>T), RS1000133637 (20:24531779 G>A), RS1000136906 (20:24653778 G>A,T), RS1000140976 (20:24471700 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:614311 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
Tourette syndrome	No Known Disease Relationship	Unknown

Mondo (1): Tourette syndrome (MONDO:0007661)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST008761_8	Sucrose liking	7.000000e-06
GCST011741_63	LDL cholesterol levels in HIV infection	5.000000e-07

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0010157	sucrose liking measurement
EFO:0004611	low density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D005879	Tourette Syndrome	C10.228.140.079.898; C10.228.662.825.800; C10.574.500.850; C16.320.400.820; F03.625.992.850

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

25 total (human), top 25 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases expression	3
Estradiol	affects binding, increases expression	2
Valproic Acid	decreases expression, increases expression	2
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
bisphenol A	affects cotreatment, increases methylation	1
arsenite	increases methylation	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
benzo(e)pyrene	increases methylation	1
ferrous chloride	decreases expression	1
aflatoxin B2	increases methylation	1
2-palmitoylglycerol	increases expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
bisphenol S	decreases methylation	1
jinfukang	increases expression	1
Sunitinib	decreases expression	1
Fulvestrant	increases methylation, affects cotreatment	1
Diazinon	increases methylation	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Methapyrilene	increases methylation	1
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Vitamin E	increases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	decreases expression	1
Okadaic Acid	decreases expression	1
Acrylamide	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

183 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00152750	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Study of Clonidine on Sleep Architecture in Children With Tourette’s Syndrome (TS) and Comorbid ADHD
NCT00226824	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Safety Study of Galantamine in Tic Disorders
NCT00241176	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open Label Trial of Aripiprazole in Children and Adolescents With Tourette’s Disorder
NCT00370838	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Keppra and Clonidine in the Treatment of Tics
NCT01018056	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Developing New Treatments for Tourette Syndrome: Therapeutic Trials With Modulators of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission
NCT01547000	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Guanfacine in Children With Tic Disorders
NCT03239210	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Ondansetron in Obsessive-compulsive and Tic Disorders
NCT00004376	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Guanfacine for Tourette Syndrome and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
NCT00206323	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Tourette Syndrome Study.
NCT00206336	PHASE3	COMPLETED	An Open-label Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate in the Treatment of Tourette Syndrome.
NCT00478842	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Pallidal Stimulation and Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome
NCT00681863	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Open-label Extension Study of Pramipexole in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome
NCT01501695	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Phase III Study of 5LGr to Treat Tic Disorder
NCT03087201	PHASE3	COMPLETED	CANNAbinoids in the Treatment of TICS (CANNA-TICS)
NCT03487783	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Aripiprazole Oral Solution in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Tourette’s Syndrome
NCT03567291	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Evaluation of Safety and Tolerability of Long-term TEV-50717 (Deutetrabenazine) for Treatment of Tourette Syndrome in Children and Adolescents
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